NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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November-December 1939 Upper South Island Flooding ( 1939-11-30 )

There were floods in Tasman-Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast regions. There was one casualty on the West Coast.

South Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at South Island
Duration:   3  days - From the 30th of November to the 2nd of December.
Comments:

Tasman-Nelson

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tasman-Nelson
Comments:

CauseA blocking high near Chathams held up a front. In the early stages of the event, geostrophic flow over the area was northeasterly, and winds in Cook Strait were southeasterly. The low level flow over Nelson Province was from east-north-east. With time, the flow gradually shifted around to the north, as rain continued to fall. Rain started on the 25th of November and did not cease until the front cleared the area on the 2nd of December.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere were heavy floods on the 30th in many parts of the province.

FloodingFlooding at Brightwater
Map Location: -41.375969 173.093992
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Brightwater, the State Highway was blocked.

EvacueesHouses were evacuated at Brightwater.

ImpactFloodwaters entered a number of houses and business premises.

FloodingFlooding at Collingwood
Map Location: -40.67771 172.684352
Comments:

Affected LifelineCollingwood was isolated and a small bridge was washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Takaka
Map Location: -40.854005 172.800335
Comments:

ImpactTakaka was completely isolated by floodwaters.

Physical CharacteristicParts of the town were 5 ft (1.52 m) under water.

ImpactThere were atleast five serious slips on Takaka Hill.

ImpactThe properties on the Kotinga side of the river flooded.

Physical CharacteristicMotupipi Dairy Factory was 5 ft (1.52 m) underwater.

Physical CharacteristicThe approaches to Waitau Bridge were under floodwaters 8 ft (2.44 m) deep.

ImpactPaddocks between Waitau Bridge and the hotel were submerged and stock were hurriedly moved.

Affected LifelineThere was serious damage caused to Puramahoi Bridge.

Physical CharacteristicTwo houses near the Dairy Factory had 18 in (0.46 m) of water through them.

FloodingFlooding at Golden Bay
Map Location: -40.698766 172.864683
Comments:

EvacueesSeveral houses were evacuated at Golden Bay.

CommentIt was described as the most disastrous flooding for Golden Bay.

Physical CharacteristicSeveral houses had 18 in (0.46 m) of water through them.

CommentHeavy floodwaters were running in Golden Bay rivers

Affected LifelineAll main roads were blocked.

FloodingFlooding at Motueka
Map Location: -41.10406 173.020407
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMotueka River overflowed its banks on the 1st of December, and about a foot (0.30 m) of water was across the road near the Motueka bridge.

CommentIn the Motueka district, the rivers were high.

Crop DamageThe damage was mainly confined to strawberry and cherry crops.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Nelson
Map Location: -41.268476 173.297338
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNelson recorded 2 in (5.08 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactWater went through a number of houses and shop premises.

CommentThe flood was stated to be the heaviest ever recorded.

ImpactAppleby district was inundated and the bridges were blocked by floodwaters.

Affected LifelineThe State Highway was impassable.

Physical CharacteristicWater was within 2 in (5.08 cm) of the floor of Travellers Rest Hotel.

ImpactMaitai River overflowed banks in Nelson city and inundated properties.

Affected LifelineAll road services were closed to Nelson.

ImpactNelson was isolated for 36 hours.

CommentRivers reached the highest flood levels on record.

Affected LifelineThe rail service was dislocated.

Damage CostIt cost between £500 and £1000 ($42,050 - $84,100 2009 dollars) to repair the damage in the city.

Affected LifelineCumming's creek flooded heavily and rushed across the road scouring it out for several chains.

ImpactTwo houses along the Brook were threatened by washouts.

DamageRiverbank gardens along the Maitai River were considerably damaged.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageHeavy seas did damage to a seawall near Magazine Point and also caused 50 yards (46 m) of road to subside.

FloodingFlooding at Riwaka
Map Location: -41.078397 172.990055
Comments:

CommentFloodwaters from the Riwaka River rose higher than on any other occasion in memoryat this time.

Crop DamageThere was extensive damage done to tobacco crops.

ImpactRiwaka River broke through on a 20 yard (18.3 m) section near the hotel and entered properties.

FloodingFlooding at Waimea River
Map Location: -41.336776 173.119626
Comments:

CommentThe flood in the Waimea River was the biggest on record at the time.

FloodingFlooding at Wairoa River
Map Location: -41.453412 173.086914
Comments:

Peak DischargeWairoa River peaked at a discharge of 40,000 cusecs (1133 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Waitapu
Map Location: -40.83555 172.80158
Comments:

CommentAt Waitapu, floodwaters were lapping the hotel steps.

Marlborough

FloodingFlooding at Marlborough
Comments:

ImpactOn the 30th, Wairau River broke its banks in three places and flooded several areas in the lower parts of the valley.

Affected LifelineFlooding in the Pelorus and Wakamarina rivers blocked the main Nelson highway.

Physical CharacteristicWairau River rose 16.5 ft (5.03 m) above normal.

CommentOn the 2nd, 10,000 sand bags were placed on the banks of the Wairau River to prevent the swollen river from overtopping the banks.

FloodingFlooding at Picton
Map Location: -41.295063 174.011495
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads between Christchurch and Picton were blocked.

Affected LifelineRail communication with Picton was blocked.

FloodingFlooding at Spring Creek
Map Location: -41.45981 173.96435
Comments:

ImpactWater inundated extensive areas at Spring Creek.

Affected LifelineThe railway bridge at Spring Creek was underwater.

FloodingFlooding at Renwick
Map Location: -41.510409 173.826128
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe bridge over Wairau River at Renwick lost some piles.

FloodingFlooding at Tuamarina
Map Location: -41.432312 173.968736
Comments:

CommentThe stopbanks were breached at Tuamarina.

ImpactFarm houses were invaded by floodwaters.

Crop DamageValuable crops were swept away by the swirling yellow water.

West Coast

FloodingFlooding at West Coast
Comments:

CasualtiesA man drowned in a South Westland river.

FloodingFlooding at Arahura River
Map Location: -42.733833 171.117357
Comments:

CommentArahura River reached record height.

Stock DamageThe settlement of Poerua was inundated and stock losses were high.

Physical CharacteristicThe road between Harihari and Poerua had water to a depth of between 1.2 - 1.5m.

EvacueesOne family in Poerua were evacuated after 1.2 m of water flowed through their home.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain for 58 hours up to the 30th of November.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineSeveral streets were inundated.

ImpactOn the Hokitika River, a large sandbank near the river mouth was washed away.

References

Ben, J.L. (1990). A Chronology of Flooding on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 1846-1990.
Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Nelson - Marlborough Regional Concil, Takaka Flood Frequency, Maps and Newspapers., Reports of Historical Floods; 1991, published, Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council,pp.61.
Nottage, D.A. (1991). Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council. Takaka Flood Frequency Maps and Newspaper Reports of Historical Floods.
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Headline: Flood Damage, Rivers at highest level on record.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: Floods receding in Golden Bay.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: In Marlborough, Wairau 16 1/2 feet above normal.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: Riwaka River Overflows
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: Desperate Efforts, Fight Against Flood.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 2 December 1939.

November-December 1939 Upper South Island Flooding ( 1939-11-30 )

There were floods in Tasman-Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast regions. There was one casualty on the West Coast.

South Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at South Island
Duration:   3  days - From the 30th of November to the 2nd of December.
Comments:

Tasman-Nelson

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tasman-Nelson
Comments:

CauseA blocking high near Chathams held up a front. In the early stages of the event, geostrophic flow over the area was northeasterly, and winds in Cook Strait were southeasterly. The low level flow over Nelson Province was from east-north-east. With time, the flow gradually shifted around to the north, as rain continued to fall. Rain started on the 25th of November and did not cease until the front cleared the area on the 2nd of December.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere were heavy floods on the 30th in many parts of the province.

FloodingFlooding at Brightwater
Map Location: -41.375969 173.093992
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Brightwater, the State Highway was blocked.

EvacueesHouses were evacuated at Brightwater.

ImpactFloodwaters entered a number of houses and business premises.

FloodingFlooding at Collingwood
Map Location: -40.67771 172.684352
Comments:

Affected LifelineCollingwood was isolated and a small bridge was washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Takaka
Map Location: -40.854005 172.800335
Comments:

ImpactTakaka was completely isolated by floodwaters.

Physical CharacteristicParts of the town were 5 ft (1.52 m) under water.

ImpactThere were atleast five serious slips on Takaka Hill.

ImpactThe properties on the Kotinga side of the river flooded.

Physical CharacteristicMotupipi Dairy Factory was 5 ft (1.52 m) underwater.

Physical CharacteristicThe approaches to Waitau Bridge were under floodwaters 8 ft (2.44 m) deep.

ImpactPaddocks between Waitau Bridge and the hotel were submerged and stock were hurriedly moved.

Affected LifelineThere was serious damage caused to Puramahoi Bridge.

Physical CharacteristicTwo houses near the Dairy Factory had 18 in (0.46 m) of water through them.

FloodingFlooding at Golden Bay
Map Location: -40.698766 172.864683
Comments:

EvacueesSeveral houses were evacuated at Golden Bay.

CommentIt was described as the most disastrous flooding for Golden Bay.

Physical CharacteristicSeveral houses had 18 in (0.46 m) of water through them.

CommentHeavy floodwaters were running in Golden Bay rivers

Affected LifelineAll main roads were blocked.

FloodingFlooding at Motueka
Map Location: -41.10406 173.020407
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMotueka River overflowed its banks on the 1st of December, and about a foot (0.30 m) of water was across the road near the Motueka bridge.

CommentIn the Motueka district, the rivers were high.

Crop DamageThe damage was mainly confined to strawberry and cherry crops.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Nelson
Map Location: -41.268476 173.297338
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNelson recorded 2 in (5.08 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactWater went through a number of houses and shop premises.

CommentThe flood was stated to be the heaviest ever recorded.

ImpactAppleby district was inundated and the bridges were blocked by floodwaters.

Affected LifelineThe State Highway was impassable.

Physical CharacteristicWater was within 2 in (5.08 cm) of the floor of Travellers Rest Hotel.

ImpactMaitai River overflowed banks in Nelson city and inundated properties.

Affected LifelineAll road services were closed to Nelson.

ImpactNelson was isolated for 36 hours.

CommentRivers reached the highest flood levels on record.

Affected LifelineThe rail service was dislocated.

Damage CostIt cost between £500 and £1000 ($42,050 - $84,100 2009 dollars) to repair the damage in the city.

Affected LifelineCumming's creek flooded heavily and rushed across the road scouring it out for several chains.

ImpactTwo houses along the Brook were threatened by washouts.

DamageRiverbank gardens along the Maitai River were considerably damaged.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageHeavy seas did damage to a seawall near Magazine Point and also caused 50 yards (46 m) of road to subside.

FloodingFlooding at Riwaka
Map Location: -41.078397 172.990055
Comments:

CommentFloodwaters from the Riwaka River rose higher than on any other occasion in memoryat this time.

Crop DamageThere was extensive damage done to tobacco crops.

ImpactRiwaka River broke through on a 20 yard (18.3 m) section near the hotel and entered properties.

FloodingFlooding at Waimea River
Map Location: -41.336776 173.119626
Comments:

CommentThe flood in the Waimea River was the biggest on record at the time.

FloodingFlooding at Wairoa River
Map Location: -41.453412 173.086914
Comments:

Peak DischargeWairoa River peaked at a discharge of 40,000 cusecs (1133 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Waitapu
Map Location: -40.83555 172.80158
Comments:

CommentAt Waitapu, floodwaters were lapping the hotel steps.

Marlborough

FloodingFlooding at Marlborough
Comments:

ImpactOn the 30th, Wairau River broke its banks in three places and flooded several areas in the lower parts of the valley.

Affected LifelineFlooding in the Pelorus and Wakamarina rivers blocked the main Nelson highway.

Physical CharacteristicWairau River rose 16.5 ft (5.03 m) above normal.

CommentOn the 2nd, 10,000 sand bags were placed on the banks of the Wairau River to prevent the swollen river from overtopping the banks.

FloodingFlooding at Picton
Map Location: -41.295063 174.011495
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads between Christchurch and Picton were blocked.

Affected LifelineRail communication with Picton was blocked.

FloodingFlooding at Spring Creek
Map Location: -41.45981 173.96435
Comments:

ImpactWater inundated extensive areas at Spring Creek.

Affected LifelineThe railway bridge at Spring Creek was underwater.

FloodingFlooding at Renwick
Map Location: -41.510409 173.826128
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe bridge over Wairau River at Renwick lost some piles.

FloodingFlooding at Tuamarina
Map Location: -41.432312 173.968736
Comments:

CommentThe stopbanks were breached at Tuamarina.

ImpactFarm houses were invaded by floodwaters.

Crop DamageValuable crops were swept away by the swirling yellow water.

West Coast

FloodingFlooding at West Coast
Comments:

CasualtiesA man drowned in a South Westland river.

FloodingFlooding at Arahura River
Map Location: -42.733833 171.117357
Comments:

CommentArahura River reached record height.

Stock DamageThe settlement of Poerua was inundated and stock losses were high.

Physical CharacteristicThe road between Harihari and Poerua had water to a depth of between 1.2 - 1.5m.

EvacueesOne family in Poerua were evacuated after 1.2 m of water flowed through their home.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain for 58 hours up to the 30th of November.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineSeveral streets were inundated.

ImpactOn the Hokitika River, a large sandbank near the river mouth was washed away.

References

Ben, J.L. (1990). A Chronology of Flooding on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 1846-1990.
Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Nelson - Marlborough Regional Concil, Takaka Flood Frequency, Maps and Newspapers., Reports of Historical Floods; 1991, published, Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council,pp.61.
Nottage, D.A. (1991). Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council. Takaka Flood Frequency Maps and Newspaper Reports of Historical Floods.
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Headline: Flood Damage, Rivers at highest level on record.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: Floods receding in Golden Bay.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: In Marlborough, Wairau 16 1/2 feet above normal.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: Riwaka River Overflows
The Nelson Evening Mail, 1 December 1939.
Headline: Desperate Efforts, Fight Against Flood.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 2 December 1939.