NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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ExtremeMay 1948 North Island Storm ( 1948-05-12 )

Three days of heavy rain, combined with high winds, brought one of the heaviest floods in Gisborne's history. There were also damaging floods in northern Hawke's Bay and some flooding in the Bay of Plenty.

North Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CauseFrom the 11th to the 12th a cold front moved north over the South Island. On the 12th a shallow depression had developed in the associated trough over the Tasman Bay-South Taranaki Bight area. The depression deepened, moving slowly north-eastwards over the central North Island, and reached Gisborne by midday. An anticyclone moving over the South Island maintained south-easterly winds over the Poverty Bay-East Cape area. Strong onshore winds flowing inland were forced upwards by the rising ground, resulting in intensification of the rain in upper reaches. A moist east to southeast flow was maintained over the area right through to the 15th, when the gradient over Gisborne started to weaken, and the low began to drift away northeastwards

DurationFrom the 12th till the 14th.

Affected LifelineThere was a break in the telephone line between Matawai (Gisborne) and Opotiki (Bay of Plenty) on the morning of the 13th.

Affected LifelineThe Gisborne-Opotiki road via Waioeka, the Gisborne-Wairoa road via Hangaroa, and the Gisborne-Wairoa road via Morere were blocked on the 14th. The Wairoa-Rotorua road was closed by several slips between Lake House and Te Whaiti, lengthy portions of the highway had disappeared after flooding and several bridges were washed away. The road was not expected to be reopened before Christmas.

Affected LifelineRailway services between Gisborne and Wairoa were interrupted. Communication was back to normal on the 17th.

Affected LifelineTelegraph communciation between Gisborne and the rest of New Zealand was still in a precarious state on the morning of the 15th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe average gust speed obtained by averaging for Rotorua, Gisborne and Tauranga was 48 knots (88.9 km/hr) on the 14th. This had a return period of 10 years.

Bay of Plenty

FloodingFlooding at Bay of Plenty
Comments:

CommentA large portion of the country near Opotiki was flooded.

Stock DamageA heavy loss of stock was feared. A number of animals were seen floating beneath the Waioeka bridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Opotiki
Map Location: -38.005993 177.293236
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOpotiki received 3.54 in (9.0 cm) of rain in the 24 hours up to the evening of the 14th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactHeavy flooding occurred in the Opotiki district on the evening of the 14th. Water overflowed the stopbanks of the Waioeka River, flooding most of the residential and business area.

Peak Water LevelThe water reached a depth of about 2 ft (61 cm) in the low portion of the main street.

CommentThe Otara River was in heavy flood but did not overflow its banks.

Gisborne

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Gisborne
Comments:

CommentOn the night of the 12th there was a storm in Gisborne, with vivid lightning and thunder accompanied by a lashing southerly gale and showery rain. At about midnight on the 12th, heavy rain set in and the wind rose almost to gale force. The electrical storm was observed approaching Gisborne at about midnight and passed almost directly over the district at about 2am on the 13th. The thunderstorm passed off out to sea at about 3:30am. A light westerly wind was blowing until 1am, when it changed to the south.

CommentIt was one of the worst storms experienced in the district for some years.

CommentHeavy rain was driven far inland by the raging gale.

Affected LifelineHighways out of the district, except to the Coast, were blocked on the morning of the 14th at points within 5 miles (8 km) of Gisborne.

Crop DamageBlocks of maize throughout the district were flattened by the wind or damaged by flood waters. The loss was expected to be considerable. Pumpkin fields were stripped and paddocks were heavily silted. Much of the land would have to be resown. It was estimated that the maize crops would show a loss in yield ranging from 20-30%, not including crops that were in a worse position.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentThere were 36 hours of high winds.

DamageTrees received a battering and many broken limbs were reported on the 13th.

Affected LifelineSeveral telephone lines were out of order on the morning of the 13th, mainly due to branches being blown onto the lines. All telephone circuits to the south were out of order as well as the Tokomaru Bay to Ruatoria section and 14 rural Gisborne lines. On the mornining of the 14th, telephone lines were so seriously damaged that communication with even nearby country centres was almost impossible, and no communication by telephone or telegraph could be had with the East Coast. The circuit between Gisborne and Nuhaka was out of action and the telephone and telegraph circuits to Opotiki were both out of action due to a break between Motu and Opotiki.

Affected LifelineFlying branches caused faults on service lines in many parts of the district.

Crop DamageA few of the well-matured Ballarat apples were brought down by the wind.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentThe strong southerly wind during the night whipped up heavy seas in the bay.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Affected LifelineReporting facilities on the main telephone line south were poor and subject to heavy interference on the morning of the 13th, owing to the effect of rain in the circuit.

CommentExceptionally heavy rain fell in the Waipaoa and Mangatu valleys.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere were major floods in many areas from the 13th, particularly in the Waipaoa catchment. The floods spread practically over all the flats along the main and tributary streams of the Waipaoa River, including the Poverty Bay flats. The main body of floodwaters receded during the early hours of the 15th, although vast tracts of land were still covered.

CommentThe flood was said to be the heaviest since Poverty Bay settlement began, with the largest peak flow and probably also the largest area of land inundated. It is still regarded as the most destructive flood in Poverty Bay history.

DamageDamage was widespread and serious, both to private and public property. There was widespread damage to fences and farm buildings. Houses were invaded by floodwaters.

CommentPractically three-fifths of the flats were covered by floodwaters on the 14th. From Ormond down through the Waerengaahika and Makauri areas to the Makaraka cemetery, and across the flats to the neighbourhood of Muriwai, a great sheet of yellow floodwaters covered almost all of the land.

Physical CharacteristicThe total area inundated was 21,000 acres (84.98 km^2), flooded to varying depths.

CommentThe banks of the Waipaoa River overflowed everywhere along its course from Kaiteratahi to the sea.

EvacueesA large number of settlers were forced to evacuate their homes.

Affected LifelineThere was severe damage to roads and railways in the district. The Gisborne-Moutuhora line suffered heavy silting and washing-out, particularly north of Te Karaka.

ImpactThe worst affected of the flat lands were Makauri, Repongaere, Waerengaahika and Matawhero. Silt and water still covered large portions of these areas at midday on the 15th.

DamageWidespread damage was done to roads and bridges in the Waikohu County.

DamageFarm damage in the Manutuke, Ngatapa, Patutahi, The Willows, Ormond, Waerengaahika, Makauri and Bushmere districts: 3000 chains (60.3 km) of fences were damaged and 900 chains (18.1 km) of drains were silted up.

Crop DamageCrop damage in the Manutuke, Ngatapa, Patutahi, The Willows, Ormond, Waerengaahika, Makauri and Bushmere districts: 2252 acres (9.11 km^2) of maize was considered damaged. Every crop of maize was affected.

Stock DamageStock losses in the Manutuke, Ngatapa, Patutahi, The Willows, Ormond, Waerengaahika, Makauri and Bushmere districts: 10,000 head of sheep were lost, 157 head of catle were lost, 300 head of pigs were lost and 2000 poulty were lost.

DamageFarm damage in the Waikohu and Cook Counties: 3000 chains (60.3 km) of fences were damaged (excluding Waikohu) and 1150 chains (23.1 km) of drains were silted up (250 chains or 5.03 km in the Waikohu County).

Crop DamageCrop damage in the Waikohu and Cook Counties: 2464 acres (9.97 km^2) of maize was considered to be damaged (212 acres or 0.86 km^2 in the Waikohu County) and 18 acres (0.07 km^2) of pumpkins were lost in the Waikohu County. The estimated loss of maize in the Waikohu County, not including losses in production, was 65%, and in the Cook County it was 45%.

Stock DamageStock damage in the Waikohu and Cook Counties: 11,336 sheep were lost (1,336 in the Waikohu County), 222 cattle were lost (65 in the Waikohu County), 365 pigs were lost (65 in the Waikohu County) and 2272 poultry were lost (272 in the Waikohu County).

Stock DamageOver 16,000 stock were lost, valued at many thousands of pounds. A total of 15,207 sheep were lost. Dead carcases of sheep and cattle hung from fence-lines or lay bloated in paddocks and thousands of sheep and cattle were swept seawards. Pigs, horses and fowl were also lost. A mass burial site was created in the sand dunes at Awapuni due to the freezing works being overtaxed. The commercial poultry flocks of Gisborne were cut by 25-30% as a result of the floods.

Total DamageThe total damage due to the floods was £336,356 ($21,757,080 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe monetary value of the agricultural losses was £165,000 ($10,672,970 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe damage to county roads was £47,160 ($3,050,530 2008 dollars) and damage to state highways was £13,040 ($843,490 2008 dollars) - a total of £60,200 ($3,894,020 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe Cook County Council had losses of road metal from the flood estimated at £500 ($32,340 2008 dollars).

LandslideLandslide at Beach Loop
Map Location: -38.884948 177.90091
Comments:

Affected LifelineA slip blocked the railway line at Beach Loop on the 14th. 100 railcar passengers were stranded at about 11:30am and were marooned in the area overnight.

FloodingFlooding at Bushmere homestead
Map Location: -38.639374 177.926985
Comments:

Stock DamageA mob of 550 hoggets were lost from the Bushmere paddocks.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at East Cape
Map Location: -37.690942 178.549901
Comments:

CommentHeavy showers were experienced at East Cape on the morning of the 13th following fairly heavy overnight rain. Winds were light and variable.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Gisborne city
Map Location: -38.656661 178.017356
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt 2am on the 13th, the speed of the wind at Darton Field suddenly increased from 10 mph (16 km/hr) to 35 mph (56 km/hr).

Physical CharacteristicBy 3:30am on the 13th, gusts were reaching 62 mph (100 km/hr) - one of the highest speeds ever recorded at the Gisborne meteorological station. At 9am, gusts were again reaching 62 mph (100 km/hr).

Peak Wind SpeedAt Darton Field, southerly winds reached 65 mph (105 km/hr) on the night of the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicAt Darton Field, the wind averaged 35 mph (56 km/hr) throughout the night of the 13th.

Affected LifelineIn the town area, 30 telephone lines were out of order on the morning of the 13th, mainly caused by the wind tangling the lines.

Affected LifelineThere was a break in the Awapuni Rd power circuit on the night of the 13th, which was reapired overnight. In the Childers Rd-Roebuck Rd area power was interrupted on the morning of the 14th when the roof of the Childers Road Reserve grandstand was blown onto the wires, damaging them. A pot-head on one of the main feeds from Patutahi to Gisborne blew out, reducing it to one connection. Trouble was also experienced in the water-heating remote-control circuits and the street-lighting circuits.

Affected LifelineA flight from Wellington, Palmerston North and Napier to Gisborne was delayed by the weather on the 12th. Two flights were delayed in leaving Gisborne on the morning of the 13th owing to the strong wind.

DamageHalf of the corrugated iron roof of the grandstand at the Childers Road Reserve was swept away during the night of the 13th. A 15 ft by 12 ft (4.6 m by 3.7 m) asbestos roof of a shed on Aberdeen Rd was rolled right over the house during the night. Windows were blown in at several shops and businesses and verandah blinds were torn.

TornadoTornado
Comments:

DamageAt 6:30am on the 14th, what was described as almost a hurricane on a narrow front swept along Andrews St in Te Hapara. It may have been a small tornado. It lifted a 6-month-old house along with its concrete piles and left it on its side 30 yards (27 m) away. It also shifted another house round on its blocks, took sheets of iron and tiles off other roofs, blew a large tree down and upturned a car.

InjuriesA 4-year-old girl who was in the house when it was lifted was apparently thrown through a window and received many scratches on her back.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 2.25 in (5.7 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th. Most of this fell between midnight and 9am.

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 1 in (2.5 cm) of rain in 2 hours from 2am to 4am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 4.44 in (11.3 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9.30am on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 1.12 in (2.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 15th.

Physical CharacteristicGisborne airfield received 4.49 in (11.4 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicThe signal station at Kaiti Beach received 4.24 in (10.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9.30am on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe signal station at Kaiti Beach received 6.67 in (16.9 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9.30am on the 15th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentParts of the borough of Gisborne were flooded, when the Taruheru and Waikanae Rivers overflowed their banks in dozens of places during the night of the 13th.

Affected LifelineAll roads within a short radius of Gisborne were blocked on the morning of the 14th by the floodwaters of the Waipaoa River catchment area. A number of cars throughout the district were caught in the surging water and some had to be abandoned.

ImpactThe floodwater swept to within inches of several riverside homes. The houses which bore the brunt of the flooding were those facing onto Fitzherbert St and Ormond Rd and backing onto the river. The grounds of one home and the small reserve beside it were almost submerged.

DamageThe Waimata River brought down debris and large logs, most of which fell foul of the William Pettie bridge. A few small pleasure boats left on the banks were swept away, as well as several small jetties and numerous trees.

ImpactThe Taruheru River invaded the Botanical Gardens, leaving most of the trees standing in lakes. The ground floors of the rowing club were evacuated on the night of the 13th when water came in up to the windows.

Physical CharacteristicThe flow of the Taruheru River had reached its full strength by 5pm on the 14th.

CommentKaiti Creek, which runs from Crawford Rd, also rose during the night.

ImpactMost of the permanent campers at Waikanae Beach had their tents affected by the strong southerly wind coming in off the sea on the night of the 13th. Several tents were blown down.

Affected LifelineHeavy rain on the 13th caused minor flooding on Darton Field aerodrome and it was declared unserviceable. No flights could get into Gisborne on the afternoon of the 13th. On the 14th the aerodrome was part of the huge lake of floodwaters. Early in the afternoon water completely covered the hangars. Silt was deposited over a considerable portion of the airport, resulting in it being closed to normal traffic for several months.

Physical CharacteristicThere was still about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water at the aerodrome on the morning of the 15th.

DamageThere was 3-4 in (7.6-10.2 cm) of silt deposited over Darton Field.

DamageTwo aircraft at Darton Field were extensively damaged by water and silt after being marooned in a hangar in nearly 6 ft (1.8 m) of water on the 14th. Floodwater also seeped into approximately 1000 gallons of petrol rendering it useless.

DamageA railway bridge by the aerodrome was scoured for about 20 ft (6.1 m), as was the Kaiti bridge by the turntable.

ImpactThe meteorological plot at Darton Field was flooded out on the 14th.

CommentThe Waikanae Stream was filled to capacity on the 14th and rose almost to the level of the bridges which crossed it at Stanley Rd, Grey St and Bright St.

DamageThe flooding of the Waikanae Creek caused damage to all small bridges crossing it. The Stanley Rd bridge had minor damage as did the Grey St bridge. The Peel St bridge had one of the approaches scoured out. The Balance St footbridge suffered damage to the whole superstructure. Piles under the Derby St pedestrian and cycle bridge were damaged. The William Pettie bridge crossing the Waimana River was slightly damaged.

Affected LifelineThe Peel St bridge leading to the railway station was completely closed on the 15th and the Balance St footbridge was also entirely closed.

Affected LifelineOne and possibly three major breaks occurred in the borough water supply pipeline from Waingake to Gisborne on the 14th. Some houses were without water until the night of the 17th and houses on the higher levels of town remained without water on the 18th due to the pressure being too low.

EvacueesOver 100 residents of Victoria Township (Awapuni) accepted the opportunity of evacuation on the evening of the 14th. They were sheltered at the Salvation Army Citadel or billeted out. Residents of the transit camp at the Park racecourse were also evacuated earlier when the camp was threatened with inundation.

Affected LifelineTwo of three bridges connecting Victoria Township (Awapuni) with the town area were submerged under racing floodwaters and the third was threatened on the evening of the 14th. Floodwaters had broken down through Awapuni Rd and lapped up to the houses that lined one side of the street.

DamageScouring along the permanent way occurred between Gisborne railway station and Stanley Rd and between te aerodome and Matawhero railway station.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentOn the morning of the 13th, the seas were encroaching well up the Kaiti and Waikanae beaches. The seas were still running high on the morning of the 14th.

CommentThe heavy seas backed up the water in the Turanganui River. At high tide at about 8:30am on the 13th the river near the Trafalgar bandstand was within a few inches of overlapping the banks.

ImpactThe Koau had to seek shelter at Gisborne from the night of the 12th till the 14th due to the rough seas. No other shipping was affected.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe pressure recorded at Darton Field on the night of the 14th was 29.76. On the morning of the 15th it was 29.83.

FloodingFlooding at Hangaroa
Map Location: -38.683811 177.617635
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road surface at the Hangaroa Bluffs was greasy on the 13th and Kent's crossing was too high for small cars to ford.

CommentThe Hangaroa River was as high as it had ever been. A great quantity of timber was carried down to the lower levels.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Hexton
Map Location: -38.614112 177.968916
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Hexton feeder was out from the night of the 13th until the morning of the 14th, leaving consumers without power from 6pm.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe back Ormond road was impassable at Hexton on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kanakanaia
Map Location: -38.409537 177.943109
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKanakanaia received 10.10 in (25.7 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicKanakanaia received 339 mm (33.9 cm) of rain in 72 hours - a return period of 45 years.

FloodingFlooding at Makaraka
Map Location: -38.649333 177.95759
Comments:

ImpactThe Makaraka racecourse was covered with water, with only the large buildings on the southern edge showing on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicIn a woolshed overlooking the Taruheru River just north of Makaraka, the floodwater reached a level 5 ft (1.5 m) higher than in the 1910 flood. After the flood, the vicinity of the homestead was piled with carcases, timber and driftwood to a height level with the telephone wires.

LightningLightning
Comments:

DamageShortly after 6am on the 14th a lightning bolt struck a Makaraka property. The lightning split a willow tree in the front garden, entered the house through two front windows and blew out five other windows and a double chimney at the back of the house. Electric light wires in the house were broken and heavy rain entering through the broken windows added to the trouble.

FloodingFlooding at Makauri
Map Location: -38.62495 177.958179
Comments:

Stock DamageAnimals were caught up in fences throughout the Makauri district. 500 sheep were reported to have been swept away from a Makauri property. 400 cattle from the same district were said to have been carried off and another Makauri farmer lost 1300 sheep. A poultry farmer lost 500-600 birds and another producer in the area lost 300.

Physical CharacteristicMr Mills, a Makauri farmer on Tuckers Rd had water 1 ft (30.5 cm) deep throughout his house on the morning of the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe level of water was 2 ft (61 cm) higher than the previous record flood within the 40-odd years Mr Mills had lived there.

CommentThe rising floodwaters started to give farmers in Makauri serious concern from about 8:30am on the 14th.

CommentFlood conditions in the King's Rd area and down through Makauri to Makaraka were worse than in the major flood of 1910, which set some of the highest food-marks of the past.

FloodingFlooding at Manutuke
Map Location: -38.680429 177.905684
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main road from Manutuke to Muriwai was covered with water for some distance.

FloodingFlooding at Maraetaha
Map Location: -38.829384 177.892426
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe low-level Maraetaha No. 1 bridge was under water on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Matawai
Map Location: -38.356439 177.53729
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMatawai received 6.70 in (17.0 cm) on the 13th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

ImpactThe stream running past the township overflowed as a result of a slip which choked its bed. Water flowed across the main highway into the hotel grounds, entering ground-level rooms at the rear of the main building. A heavy deposit of silt was left in the grounds.

Affected LifelineTravellers were marooned overnight owing to the highway being closed in both directions.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Motu River ran high and fast, sweeping three access bridges away at the height of the flooding. Two residences were cut off from the township.

Stock DamageSome stock losses were reported.

FloodingFlooding at Matawhero
Map Location: -38.657823 177.948982
Comments:

Impact14 men were isolated at the Matawhero railway station for about 16 hours from midday on the 14th. Water was almost up to the top of the platform. Four women and 10 children were also marooned in railway houses opposite.

Stock DamageOne commercial poultry keeper lost all but 2 of his 900 birds.

FloodingFlooding at Motu
Map Location: -38.258449 177.551615
Comments:

Stock DamagePart of a valuable dairy herd at Motu was lost.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Moutohora
Map Location: -38.280615 177.527289
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelephone line damage put the Moutohora link out of commission completely on the morning of the 13th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Muriwai
Map Location: -38.750443 177.924381
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Muriwai feeder was suffering occasional trouble owing to wires swinging together during the storm. A pole and transformer were down on the morning of the 14th, and consumers beyond that point were without power.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main road was blocked by surface water in the Muriwai area on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ngatapa
Map Location: -38.587511 177.788321
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNgatapa received 2.95 in (7.5 cm) of rain in 17 hours between 2am and 7am on the 13th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentA wind of gale force arose at about 2am on the 13th and was still blowing strongly at 9am.

Affected LifelineThe Ngatapa feeder was suffering occasional trouble owing to wires swinging together during the storm.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentFlooding at Ngatapa was the worst that anyone in the neighbourhood could remember, but the effects were minimised by the cuts made below the settlement.

DamageSome houses were lapped by water and silting was bad in some paddocks. Fences on one property were broken and lost.

Crop DamageCrops in the valley below the settlement suffered.

Affected LifelineThe Ngatapa road was under water for a time but did not suffer severe scouring.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Owhena station
Map Location: -38.069437 177.984006
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOwhena received 6.20 in (15.7 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Parikanapa station
Map Location: -38.752059 177.691802
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicParikanapa Station received 3.36 in (8.5 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicParikanapa Station received 6.34 in (16.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 8.30am on the 14th.

CommentA terrific thunderstorm broke in the locality between 8am and 9am on the 14th, with rain of the heaviest intensity.

FloodingFlooding at Patutahi
Map Location: -38.62513 177.890917
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn the 14th, floodwaters were raging over the section of the Patutahi road past the Matawhero bridge turn-off.

Affected LifelineAll traffic beyond Patutahi was suspended at the lavenham bridges, just past the township, effectively cutting off communication with Repongaere and Waitui.

FloodingFlooding at Pauariki homestead
Map Location: -38.131439 178.251642
Comments:

DamageOn the Tokomaru-Mata highway the floods caused scouring at the log bar in the Pauariki Stream.

FloodingFlooding at Pehiri
Map Location: -38.646258 177.609424
Comments:

Affected LifelineSettlers in the Pehiri-Tahunga area were isolated for three days, from the 14th to the 16th, during the height of the flood due to the flooding of the Waikura River. The river covered fences.

Physical CharacteristicThe Waikura River was from 18-20 ft (5.5-6.1 m) above its normal level.

Affected LifelineA suspension bridge giving access to a property suffered severe damage and only the cables were saved. At the height of the flood the bridge decking was covered by a rushing torrent, carrying heavy timber and other debris.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt the residence of Mr Parker, 6.46 in (16.4 cm) of rain was recorded over the first three days of the storm.

CommentThe falls must have been heavier in the hill country further back.

FloodingFlooding at Potaka
Map Location: -37.574821 178.140169
Comments:

CommentThe Oweka Stream, between Cape Runaway and Hicks Bay, was in flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Puha
Map Location: -38.458563 177.830076
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPuha received 9.95 in (25.3 cm) of rain in 48 hours to the 14th - the highest 48-hour rainfall since May 1914.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactA couple were marooned at their house in Puha and spent the night of the 13th on their roof before being rescued.

Affected LifelineMcKay's bridge at Puha was under water on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Puketahore Hill
Map Location: -38.131693 177.921539
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPuketahore received 8.25 in (21.0 cm) of rain on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding at Repongaere
Map Location: -38.595653 177.894624
Comments:

Stock DamageA poultry producer in Repongaere lost 300-400 birds.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ruatoria
Map Location: -37.890508 178.310264
Comments:

CommentRuatoria experienced heavy overnight rain on the night of the 12th.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentA severe electrical storm swept across the township between 10am and 11am on the morning of the 13th.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentAt one period during the morning of the 13th there was a hailstorm.

Hail SizeSome of the hailstones were up to 1/2 in (1.3 cm) in diameter.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe Waiapu River was running a banker on the 14th, while the Mangaoporo, a few miles further on, showed practically no signs of floodwater.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Tahunga station
Map Location: -38.62533 177.512046
Comments:

ImpactA man went missing after separating from two other pig hunters in the bush on Tahunga station at 1pm on the 12th. He was found on the morning of the 16th. He had gotten lost, endured soaking rain, had nearly been drowned several times and had to spend 15 hours up a tree in the middle of a swirling stream.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road between Waterfall Hill and Tahunga was severely damaged by floodwaters.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal at Tatapouri
Map Location: -38.646034 178.145444
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Tatapouri, high seas scoured away the road bank at the edge of the old slip, eroding the filling.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Karaka
Map Location: -38.467237 177.870255
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTe Karaka received 2.19 in (5.6 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Karaka received 7.57 in (19.2 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Karaka received 10.29 in (26.1 cm) of rain in 48 hours to the 14th - a record 48-hour rainfall.

Physical CharacteristicRain varying from 3.61 in to 11.55 in (9.2-29.3 cm) fell in the Waipaoa catchment on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Te Karaka, all flood marks of recent years were washed out by the level of the Waipaoa River.

Affected LifelineSerious damage was done to the Rangatira suspension bridge. It was afloat at 9:30am on the 14th, the cables still holding but the bridge badly damaged.

Affected LifelineThe Kanakanaia steel bridge was reported to have been washed out at the approaches.

Physical CharacteristicThe flood gauge at the Kanakanaia bridge went right out of sight, with the flood in the Waipaoa River peaking at least 5 ft (1.5 m) above the peak height of the 1944 flood, which was 7.9 m. It was calclulated that the Waipaoa was 31 ft (9.4 m) above normal.

Peak River FlowAt 8:30am on the 14th, when the flood reached its peak, the flow of the Waiapaoa at Kanakanaia bridge had climbed to 127,500 cubic feet per second (3610 cumecs).

Peak River FlowThe peak discharge of the Waipaoa River at the Kanakanaia Bridge was 140,000 cusecs (3964 cumecs), with a total discharge of 315,500 acres-feet (catchment area 606 square miles).

Peak River LevelThe gauge height at the time of the peak flow was 31 ft 9 in (9.7 m).

ImpactIt was the worst flood in Te Karaka in memory. All the rivers overflowed their banks and came right into the township. One house was submerged to such an extent that only the roof was showing.

Affected LifelineWater was down the main street and water from the Waipaoa River was right across the road at the Post Office on the morning of the 14th.

EvacueesHomes were evacuated by a number of Te Karaka residents.

ImpactA man was rescued by raft from the roof of his house on the morning of the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe flood level from the Waihora River at Mr Charteris' house was 5 ft (1.5 m) lower than that of 1944, despite a 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) higher outfall level at the Waipaoa River confluence.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Puia Springs
Map Location: -38.054756 178.309912
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTe Puia received 7.51 in (19.1 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Puia received 5.91 in (15.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Puia received 18.22 in (46.3 cm) of rain between the 13th and the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tikitiki
Map Location: -37.797294 178.411972
Comments:

Physical Characteristic10 in (25.4 cm) of rain fell during the storm week in the area.

LandslideLandslide at Tiniroto
Map Location: -38.772877 177.567025
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a slip at Law's hill, Tiniroto.

FloodingFlooding at Waerengaahika
Map Location: -38.601149 177.92432
Comments:

ImpactFloodwaters swirled around homes in the vicinity of the Waerengaahika Hotel on the 14th. Some families were marooned throughout the day and night.

Physical CharacteristicAt the height of the flood water was lapping through the windows of one house. At another house near the railway line, water reached up to the waists of the occupants when they were sitting on chairs on top of the table.

ImpactThree men were attempting to rescue a marooned family in a boat at around 12:30pm on the 14th when it capsized and they were swept down the river. One man was rescued and had to be resuscitated. The other two ended up stranded in two willow trees for over five hours with 8 ft (2.4 m) of water swirling below them.

FloodingFlooding at Waikohu homestead
Map Location: -38.460269 177.789463
Comments:

CommentIn the Waikohu area, streams converging from the Whakarau and Poututu valleys and the Rakauroa and Otoko catchment areas were higher than they had been in floods for at least the last 68 years.

CommentOn the Waikohu station there had been some brich logs on a flat that was feet above the level of previous floods for 70-odd years. On the 14th that flat was covered and further birch logs were deposited there.

DamageFences were flattened on the lower portions of Waihuka station.

Stock DamageFour valuable two-year-old Hereford bulls were lost.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waimata
Map Location: -38.503811 178.046705
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaimata received 9.40 in (23.9 cm) of rain on the 13th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Waimata feeder was out from the night of the 13th until the morning of the 14th, leaving consumers without power from 6pm.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waingake
Map Location: -38.785686 177.794884
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaingake received 3.68 in (9.3 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicWaingake received 7.35 in (18.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicWaingake received 2.97 in (7.5 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe total rainfall for the three days was 14 in (35.6 cm).

FloodingFlooding at Waipaoa River
Map Location: -38.627543 177.908335
Comments:

ImpactThe Waipaoa River broke its banks at points along the lower reaches, in the vicinity of Waerengaahika, Patutahi, Matawhero, Manutuke and The Willows settlement. It inundated a considerable portion of the flats behind Gisborne. Stormwater also covered a large area in the parts of the flats which were not flooded by the Waipaoa River.

EvacueesPeople living in riverside properties on the flats had to evacuate their homes.

ImpactIn the middle reaches of the river, where the rise in level was most notable, two families were marooned in their houses and had to be rescued from their rooftops.

LandslideLandslide at Whakarau homestead
Map Location: -38.384215 177.631897
Comments:

Affected LifelineTwo families on the Motu-Waikohu road, via Whakarau, were isolated for nine days from the 13th because of huge slips blocking their access road.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whatatutu
Map Location: -38.383396 177.836989
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhatatutu received 10.20 in (25.9 cm) of rain on the 13th.

CommentRain fell steadily during the night, and continued throughout the morning with heavy showers interspersed with a drizzle.

Physical CharacteristicWhatatutu received 344 mm (34.4 cm) of rain in 72 hours - a return period of more than 150 years.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentAll the streams were running at full capacity. The Waipaoa River was running bank-high near Whatatutu on the morning of the 13th and the Managatu River was also very high.

Affected LifelineA timber bridge on the Mangamaia Rd was reported to have been washed away.

CasualtiesA young man (21 years old) drowned at Whatatutu when trying to cross the flooded Mangapapa Stream on Maungahaumi station at about 11am on the 14th.

DamageTwo houses at the Taihanuti pa were swept away by the flood and another was so badly damaged as to be completely uninhabitable. The pa lost practically all the food stored for the winter.

CommentThe flood was the worst recorded in the area since 1912.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn one section of road near Whatatutu, there were 10 slips within a length of 1/2 mile (805 m).

FloodingFlooding at The Willows homestead
Map Location: -38.507457 177.889671
Comments:

Stock DamageIn the area of The Willows, a mob of about 850 sheep were lost and another 587 hoggets were thought to have been lost - a total of 1437.

Hawke's Bay

FloodingFlooding at Hawke's Bay
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was surface water on the Wairoa road south of Nuhaka on the 14th. Several roads were swept away and others were severely damaged.

CommentExtensive flooding occurred on the Wairoa River from Frasertown downstream and all the flats had a good deposit of silt.

Stock DamageStock losses were reported to be heavy.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineAll parts of the Wairoa district, except the Wairoa borough, were without power on the evening of the 14th. Power and telephone communciation was still disconnected in a number of areas on the 17th.

Damage CostWairoa county main highways suffered £19,342 ($1,251,130 2008 dollars) of damage and county roads £16,500 ($1,067,300 2008 dollars) - a total of ($2,318,430 2008 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain was still falling in the back country on the evening of the 14th, particularly over the Waikaremoana area.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ardkeen Hall
Map Location: -38.929346 177.274703
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArdkeen received 2.31 in (5.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicArdkeen received 3.71 in (9.4 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicArdkeen received 2.94 in (7.5 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThree day rainfalls varied between 6.79" and 17.7" over the Wairoa River catchment.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineResidents on a portion of the Ardkeen block were still marooned on the night of the 14th, with the road flooded in two parts, completely cutting off farmers in between.

Affected LifelineMany residents were without power and it could not be restored until the road was cleared of water.

DamageA bus had to be abandoned at Ardkeen due to rapidly rising water. Twenty minutes after stopping the bus was under water and mail, luggage and other freight could not be rescued.

Physical CharacteristicAt Waikaretaheke bridge, which gives access to Ruapapa, the water rose over 38 ft (11.6 m), with the water level 3 ft (91 cm) from the decking of the bridge.

DamageThe approaches of the Waikaretaheke bridge were scoured.

FloodingFlooding at Awamate homestead
Map Location: -39.015463 177.370714
Comments:

ImpactThe Awamate block was marooned for the first time in its history. Due to it being the chief supplier of milk for the borough, milk was in short supply on the 15th.

DamageMany acres were ruined by the flood. A large tract of land also disappeard into the river on the Wairoa side of the settlement.

FloodingFlooding at Cape Kidnappers
Map Location: -39.643256 177.095503
Comments:

CommentBeaches in the Cape Kidnappers locality were piled with debris resulting from heavy flooding on the Gisborne coast.

FloodingFlooding at Frasertown
Map Location: -38.965721 177.409772
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt the Frasertown bridge, the Wairoa River was 18 in (45.7 cm) from the decking on the 14th, having risen to a height of 30-40 ft (9.1-12.2 m) above normal.

Peak River FlowThe Waiau River had a peak flow of 123,850 cusecs (3507 cumecs) at 20 chains (402 m) above the pumping station (catchment area 545 sq miles).

Peak River FlowThe Wairoa River had a peak discharge of 282,400 cusecs (7997 cumecs) above Frasertown.

DamageThe Frasertown bridge withstood a huge strain and remained intact but showed a bulge of at least 10 ft (3.0 m) on one side.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hastings
Map Location: -39.635771 176.828045
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHastings received 1.51 in (3.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Hawke's Bay Airport
Map Location: -39.469034 176.867078
Comments:

Affected LifelineTwo flights were weatherbound at the airport on the morning of the 14th. The airport was still closed to aircraft on the 17th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hopururahine Landing
Map Location: -38.714259 177.051542
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHopururahine received 7.94 in (20.2 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageAt Hopuruahine a two-roomed fishing lodge had disappeared with all its contents.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kahuranaki homestead
Map Location: -39.784988 176.854472
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKahuranaki received 2.20 in (5.6 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

LandslideLandslide at Kotemaori
Map Location: -39.062668 177.042276
Comments:

Affected LifelineBetween Kotemaori and Raupunga a slip came down on the railway line, estimated at over 1000 yards (914 m).

FloodingFlooding at Mangaaruhe homestead
Map Location: -38.889943 177.445393
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Mangaruhe swing bridge was carried away early on the afternoon of the 14th.

FloodingFlooding at Marumaru
Map Location: -38.893567 177.456587
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Hangaroa road was blocked in the vicinity of Marumaru, where water reached the top rail of the Waitohora Creek bridge.

Physical CharacteristicThe Wairoa River reached a height of 16 ft (4.9 m) above normal in the Marumaru area.

LandslideLandslide at Matahorua Viaduct
Map Location: -39.168128 176.952838
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe were heavy slips on the Napier-Wairoa road in the Matahoura Gorge.

FloodingFlooding at Matai homestead
Map Location: -38.933994 177.28307
Comments:

Affected LifelineHall's bridge at Matai was badly damage, with more than half the decking gone.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mokopeka homestead
Map Location: -39.749906 176.919072
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMokopeka received 2.31 in (5.9 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

LightningLightning at Morere
Map Location: -38.981823 177.785179
Comments:

Affected LifelineLightning apparently struck one of the telephone circuits at Morere overnight on the 12th, leaving the line to Gisborne out of order.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Napier
Map Location: -39.502426 176.892804
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNapier received 1.71 in (4.3 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

LandslideLandslide at Ohinepaka
Map Location: -39.012319 177.334684
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road was blocked 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Wairoa on the 15th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Onepoto
Map Location: -38.804999 177.12421
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 3.06 in (7.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 4.35 in (11.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 4.68 in (11.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 307 mm (30.7 cm) of rain in three days. This had a return period of 20 years.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ongaonha
Map Location: -39.915653 176.427543
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOngaonga received 2.50 in (6.4 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding at Opoiti homestead
Map Location: -38.883135 177.492848
Comments:

Peak River FlowThe Wairoa River had a peak discharge of 230,300 cusecs (6521 cumecs) 30 chains (600 m) below Opoiti Bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Ruakituri
Map Location: -38.774489 177.398914
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road to Ruakituri was still closed on the 17th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Apiti homestead
Map Location: -39.911598 176.935928
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTe Apiti received 1.99 in (5.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Reinga
Map Location: -38.825574 177.523178
Comments:

Peak River FlowThe Ruakituri River had a peak flow of 51,570 cusecs (1460 cumecs) 1 mile (1.6 km) above the state highway junction (catchment area 204 square miles).

Peak River FlowThe Hangaroa River had a peak flow of 73,870 cusecs (2092 cumecs) 1 mile (1.6 km) above Te Reinga School (catchment area 289 square miles).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tuai
Map Location: -38.812925 177.141966
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 2.25 in (5.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 3.36 in (8.5 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 4.65 in (11.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 260 mm (26 cm) of rain in three days. This had a return period of 15 years

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Undercliff homestead
Map Location: -39.676729 176.923655
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicUndercliff received 2.10 in (5.3 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waikaremoana
Map Location: -38.756549 177.154762
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaikaremoana received 3.06 in (7.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicWaikaremoana received 4.35 in (11.0 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicWaikaremoana received 4.68 in (11.9 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 15th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicIn the two days up to the 13th, Lake Waikaremoana rose nearly 4 in (10.2 cm) to a level of 1989.3 ft (606.3 m) above sea level.

Physical CharacteristicDuring the 48 hours to 9am on the 15th, Lake Waikaremoana rose 6.3 ft (1.9 m) to a level of 1995.6 ft (608.3 m) above sea level

DamageRoads and farms in the direction of Waikaremoana presented a scene of desolation. The amount of erosion was terrific, with huge pieces of land having disappeared.

Crop DamageAcres of crops, maize and lucerne disappeared under silt.

CommentThe water reached a record height. For a considerable length, telephone wires some 14 ft (4.3 m) from the roadway were carrying strips of long grass, blackberry, light sticks and other debris.

DamageA number of fishermen's cottages on the shores of the lake were demolished.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe highway suffered severe damage in many places and had numerous slips.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentAn electrical storm was experienced at the lake early on the morning of the 13th.

LandslideLandslide at Waikokopu
Map Location: -39.073442 177.826734
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was thought to be a washout on the railway line near Waikokopu on the morning of the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waipoapoa homestead
Map Location: -39.873595 176.873494
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaipoapoa received 2.60 in (6.6 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waipukurau
Map Location: -39.999445 176.562423
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaipukurau received 1.56 in (4.0 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wairoa
Map Location: -39.041861 177.423248
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWairoa received 1.8 in (4.6 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicWairoa received 1.05 in (2.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicWairoa received 1.06 in (2.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicWairoa had received 3.95 in (10.0 cm) of rain from the 10th.

CommentHeavy rain continued throughout the 14th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactBy 3:30pm on the 14th, the flood level of the Wairoa River had reached a record height, being less than 2 ft (61 cm) from overflowing on the lower portion of Marine Parade. The river continued rising and at about 5pm the waters reached Marine Parade and penetrated a number of business premises. The reserves in the vicinity of the traffic bridge were also flooded. The river rose so rapidly that the members of the rowing club had to swim into the shed to rescue their boats.

Affected LifelineAt 5pm on the 14th the traffic bridge had to be closed, and was reopened early the next morning. When it was closed the surge was passing over the traffic way. Roads both in and out of Wairoa were blocked by floodwaters on the 14th and the morning of the 15th.

ImpactAll sporting fixtures on the 15th were cancelled.

CommentDuring the afternoon of the 14th huge logs, trees, fencing, drowned stock, hay stacks and other debris continuously battered the main bridge.

Peak Water LevelAt the height of the flood parts of the Wairoa Parade were covered to a depth of up to 12 in (30.5 cm).

DamageThere was a deposit of at least 3 ft (91 cm) of silt on the basketball court. The camping grounds and children's playground were also covered in silt.

DamageThe No. 2 Harbour Board shed on the town wharf suffered severely. Half the building was left hanging into the river. Floodwaters also entered the No. 1 shed.

ImpactThe Wairoa A and P Society's ground was flooded to a considerable depth.

Stock DamageBetween 40 and 50 sheep and lambs on the A and P grounds were drowned.

DamageFloodwaters did considerable damage to roads in the North Clyde locality.

EvacueesAt North Clyde a number of residents has to evacuate their homes due to the encroachment of water. The area around the memorial hall at Takitimu was also evacuated.

Physical CharacteristicThe water reached to the windowsills of some homes in North Clyde.

Affected LifelineWairoa was without water for more than a week. There was a shortage of water in the Wairoa area due to the pumping station being flooded. During the flood the water rose 35 ft (10.7 m) to the top platform of the pumping tower and then flowed through to the pumps at the bottom.

Peak River FlowThe Wairoa River had a peak flow of 404,000 cusecs (11,440 cumecs) at the Wairoa Town Bridge (catchment area 1415 sq miles). This was the highest record of discharge in New Zealand.

Peak Water LevelWater entered buildings to a depth of 3 ft (91 cm).

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentThe southerly winds rose to gale force on and off for a few days.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineWairoa was isolated from the north and south by slips on the 15th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentThe seas off Wairoa were mountainous high on the 14th due to the exceptionally strong southerly gale.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Palmerston North
Map Location: -40.355525 175.616438
Comments:

Affected LifelineA flight from Auckland to Wellington was forced to land at Palmerston North on the morning of the 12th owing to bad weather. It tried to take off again later but had to return.

References

Cowie, C. A. and Attwood, A. K. (1957). Floods in New Zealand 1920-1953. The Soil Conservation Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Headline: District rivers rising in worst storm for years.
The Gisborne Herald, 13 May 1948.
Headline: Forced to land.
The Gisborne Herald, Source: P.A., 13 May 1948.
Headline: Raging floodwaters isolate Gisborne.
The Gisborne Herald, 14 May 1948.
Headline: Waipaoa River breaks banks.
The Gisborne Herald, 14 May 1948.
Headline: Wairoa position: Nothing alarming.
The Gisborne Herald, 14 May 1948.
Headline: Bridges damaged in Gisborne borough.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Camps down.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Disastrous losses of livestock.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Gale blows Te Hapara house 30yds; shifts another.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Gisborne district suffers flood disaster.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Heavy rainfall.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Lightning bolt wrecks chimneys and windows of Makaraka house.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Main flood waters recede.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: 'Phone lines done.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Two men stranded for five hours in willow tree.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Waikanae residents evacuated when floodwaters rise.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Wairoa surge: Record level.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Weather office flooded out.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Young man drowned: Whatatutu fatality.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Aftermath of the flood.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Body recovered: Whatatutu drowning.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Gisborne 'drome unservicable.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Hasty exit: North Clyde area.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Lake rises.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Many telegraph lines still down.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Miserable wait.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Missing shooter found after being marooned for four days.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Opotiki suffers: Waioeka overflows.
The Gisborne Herald, Source: PA, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Patutahi and Manutuke flooding.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Planes damaged by water and silt.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Scouring on railway: Express trains to run from Wednesday.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Stock losses run into thousands: Sheep carcases in Belsen-like piles.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Stuck in Oweka Stream.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Terrific erosion: Wairoa area.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Took battering: Wairoa Bridge.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Took shetland pony to bed: Waerenga-a-hika residents have miraculous escapes.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Waipaoa River's terrific flow.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Cuts at Ngatapa.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Gisborne flocks of poultry reduced by third.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Inquest opened: Whatatutu fatality.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Makauri flooding was worse than in the major flood of 1910.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Mass stock graves at Awapuni: Boiling down at Kaiti Works.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Rail wash-out.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Road bulletin.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Survey of damage: Wairoa area.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Three houses swept from pa.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Water supply resumed.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: 14in. of rain in three days.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Express reached Gisborne last night - main south line cleared.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Farm-to-farm survey: Much work for big labour force.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Gale victim's loss.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Highest level at Waihuka station for 70-odd years.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Pehiri isolated for three days flood.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Road bulletin.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Flood damage to Waiapu County roads.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Heavy Te Whaiti damage: Lengths of road swept away: Anglers' lodges destroyed.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Toll of the flood: Farm survey gives early count of loss.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Wairoa's water supply problem: Repairs to plant.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Heavy storm at Tikitiki.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Isolated homes found yesterday.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Losses in flood: 6673 acres silted.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Matawai flood.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Waikohu area flood losses: Severe damage.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Debris on H.B. beaches.
The Gisborne Herald, 24 May 1948.
Headline: Heaviest flood since P.B. settlement began.
The Gisborne Herald, 25 May 1948.
Headline: Losses of metal through floods.
The Gisborne Herald, 27 May 1948.
Headline: Boisterous night with heavy rain in Hawke's Bay.
The Hawke's Bay Herald-Tribune, 13 May 1948.
Hawke's Bay Regional Council: www.hbrc.govt.nz.
Hydrology Annual No.3, 1955, Soil Conservation and River Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Johnston, D. D., and Pearse, L.J. (2007). Hazards in Hawke's Bay. Hawke's Bay Regional Council, Napier, New Zealand.
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Workshop on Wind damage in New Zealand Exotic Forests, Ministry of Forestery, FRI Bullrtin 146, Accounting for New Zealand Plantation's Risk to Wind Damage - facing the facts, David New.

ExtremeMay 1948 North Island Storm ( 1948-05-12 )

Three days of heavy rain, combined with high winds, brought one of the heaviest floods in Gisborne's history. There were also damaging floods in northern Hawke's Bay and some flooding in the Bay of Plenty.

North Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CauseFrom the 11th to the 12th a cold front moved north over the South Island. On the 12th a shallow depression had developed in the associated trough over the Tasman Bay-South Taranaki Bight area. The depression deepened, moving slowly north-eastwards over the central North Island, and reached Gisborne by midday. An anticyclone moving over the South Island maintained south-easterly winds over the Poverty Bay-East Cape area. Strong onshore winds flowing inland were forced upwards by the rising ground, resulting in intensification of the rain in upper reaches. A moist east to southeast flow was maintained over the area right through to the 15th, when the gradient over Gisborne started to weaken, and the low began to drift away northeastwards

DurationFrom the 12th till the 14th.

Affected LifelineThere was a break in the telephone line between Matawai (Gisborne) and Opotiki (Bay of Plenty) on the morning of the 13th.

Affected LifelineThe Gisborne-Opotiki road via Waioeka, the Gisborne-Wairoa road via Hangaroa, and the Gisborne-Wairoa road via Morere were blocked on the 14th. The Wairoa-Rotorua road was closed by several slips between Lake House and Te Whaiti, lengthy portions of the highway had disappeared after flooding and several bridges were washed away. The road was not expected to be reopened before Christmas.

Affected LifelineRailway services between Gisborne and Wairoa were interrupted. Communication was back to normal on the 17th.

Affected LifelineTelegraph communciation between Gisborne and the rest of New Zealand was still in a precarious state on the morning of the 15th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe average gust speed obtained by averaging for Rotorua, Gisborne and Tauranga was 48 knots (88.9 km/hr) on the 14th. This had a return period of 10 years.

Bay of Plenty

FloodingFlooding at Bay of Plenty
Comments:

CommentA large portion of the country near Opotiki was flooded.

Stock DamageA heavy loss of stock was feared. A number of animals were seen floating beneath the Waioeka bridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Opotiki
Map Location: -38.005993 177.293236
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOpotiki received 3.54 in (9.0 cm) of rain in the 24 hours up to the evening of the 14th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactHeavy flooding occurred in the Opotiki district on the evening of the 14th. Water overflowed the stopbanks of the Waioeka River, flooding most of the residential and business area.

Peak Water LevelThe water reached a depth of about 2 ft (61 cm) in the low portion of the main street.

CommentThe Otara River was in heavy flood but did not overflow its banks.

Gisborne

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Gisborne
Comments:

CommentOn the night of the 12th there was a storm in Gisborne, with vivid lightning and thunder accompanied by a lashing southerly gale and showery rain. At about midnight on the 12th, heavy rain set in and the wind rose almost to gale force. The electrical storm was observed approaching Gisborne at about midnight and passed almost directly over the district at about 2am on the 13th. The thunderstorm passed off out to sea at about 3:30am. A light westerly wind was blowing until 1am, when it changed to the south.

CommentIt was one of the worst storms experienced in the district for some years.

CommentHeavy rain was driven far inland by the raging gale.

Affected LifelineHighways out of the district, except to the Coast, were blocked on the morning of the 14th at points within 5 miles (8 km) of Gisborne.

Crop DamageBlocks of maize throughout the district were flattened by the wind or damaged by flood waters. The loss was expected to be considerable. Pumpkin fields were stripped and paddocks were heavily silted. Much of the land would have to be resown. It was estimated that the maize crops would show a loss in yield ranging from 20-30%, not including crops that were in a worse position.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentThere were 36 hours of high winds.

DamageTrees received a battering and many broken limbs were reported on the 13th.

Affected LifelineSeveral telephone lines were out of order on the morning of the 13th, mainly due to branches being blown onto the lines. All telephone circuits to the south were out of order as well as the Tokomaru Bay to Ruatoria section and 14 rural Gisborne lines. On the mornining of the 14th, telephone lines were so seriously damaged that communication with even nearby country centres was almost impossible, and no communication by telephone or telegraph could be had with the East Coast. The circuit between Gisborne and Nuhaka was out of action and the telephone and telegraph circuits to Opotiki were both out of action due to a break between Motu and Opotiki.

Affected LifelineFlying branches caused faults on service lines in many parts of the district.

Crop DamageA few of the well-matured Ballarat apples were brought down by the wind.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentThe strong southerly wind during the night whipped up heavy seas in the bay.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Affected LifelineReporting facilities on the main telephone line south were poor and subject to heavy interference on the morning of the 13th, owing to the effect of rain in the circuit.

CommentExceptionally heavy rain fell in the Waipaoa and Mangatu valleys.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere were major floods in many areas from the 13th, particularly in the Waipaoa catchment. The floods spread practically over all the flats along the main and tributary streams of the Waipaoa River, including the Poverty Bay flats. The main body of floodwaters receded during the early hours of the 15th, although vast tracts of land were still covered.

CommentThe flood was said to be the heaviest since Poverty Bay settlement began, with the largest peak flow and probably also the largest area of land inundated. It is still regarded as the most destructive flood in Poverty Bay history.

DamageDamage was widespread and serious, both to private and public property. There was widespread damage to fences and farm buildings. Houses were invaded by floodwaters.

CommentPractically three-fifths of the flats were covered by floodwaters on the 14th. From Ormond down through the Waerengaahika and Makauri areas to the Makaraka cemetery, and across the flats to the neighbourhood of Muriwai, a great sheet of yellow floodwaters covered almost all of the land.

Physical CharacteristicThe total area inundated was 21,000 acres (84.98 km^2), flooded to varying depths.

CommentThe banks of the Waipaoa River overflowed everywhere along its course from Kaiteratahi to the sea.

EvacueesA large number of settlers were forced to evacuate their homes.

Affected LifelineThere was severe damage to roads and railways in the district. The Gisborne-Moutuhora line suffered heavy silting and washing-out, particularly north of Te Karaka.

ImpactThe worst affected of the flat lands were Makauri, Repongaere, Waerengaahika and Matawhero. Silt and water still covered large portions of these areas at midday on the 15th.

DamageWidespread damage was done to roads and bridges in the Waikohu County.

DamageFarm damage in the Manutuke, Ngatapa, Patutahi, The Willows, Ormond, Waerengaahika, Makauri and Bushmere districts: 3000 chains (60.3 km) of fences were damaged and 900 chains (18.1 km) of drains were silted up.

Crop DamageCrop damage in the Manutuke, Ngatapa, Patutahi, The Willows, Ormond, Waerengaahika, Makauri and Bushmere districts: 2252 acres (9.11 km^2) of maize was considered damaged. Every crop of maize was affected.

Stock DamageStock losses in the Manutuke, Ngatapa, Patutahi, The Willows, Ormond, Waerengaahika, Makauri and Bushmere districts: 10,000 head of sheep were lost, 157 head of catle were lost, 300 head of pigs were lost and 2000 poulty were lost.

DamageFarm damage in the Waikohu and Cook Counties: 3000 chains (60.3 km) of fences were damaged (excluding Waikohu) and 1150 chains (23.1 km) of drains were silted up (250 chains or 5.03 km in the Waikohu County).

Crop DamageCrop damage in the Waikohu and Cook Counties: 2464 acres (9.97 km^2) of maize was considered to be damaged (212 acres or 0.86 km^2 in the Waikohu County) and 18 acres (0.07 km^2) of pumpkins were lost in the Waikohu County. The estimated loss of maize in the Waikohu County, not including losses in production, was 65%, and in the Cook County it was 45%.

Stock DamageStock damage in the Waikohu and Cook Counties: 11,336 sheep were lost (1,336 in the Waikohu County), 222 cattle were lost (65 in the Waikohu County), 365 pigs were lost (65 in the Waikohu County) and 2272 poultry were lost (272 in the Waikohu County).

Stock DamageOver 16,000 stock were lost, valued at many thousands of pounds. A total of 15,207 sheep were lost. Dead carcases of sheep and cattle hung from fence-lines or lay bloated in paddocks and thousands of sheep and cattle were swept seawards. Pigs, horses and fowl were also lost. A mass burial site was created in the sand dunes at Awapuni due to the freezing works being overtaxed. The commercial poultry flocks of Gisborne were cut by 25-30% as a result of the floods.

Total DamageThe total damage due to the floods was £336,356 ($21,757,080 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe monetary value of the agricultural losses was £165,000 ($10,672,970 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe damage to county roads was £47,160 ($3,050,530 2008 dollars) and damage to state highways was £13,040 ($843,490 2008 dollars) - a total of £60,200 ($3,894,020 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe Cook County Council had losses of road metal from the flood estimated at £500 ($32,340 2008 dollars).

LandslideLandslide at Beach Loop
Map Location: -38.884948 177.90091
Comments:

Affected LifelineA slip blocked the railway line at Beach Loop on the 14th. 100 railcar passengers were stranded at about 11:30am and were marooned in the area overnight.

FloodingFlooding at Bushmere homestead
Map Location: -38.639374 177.926985
Comments:

Stock DamageA mob of 550 hoggets were lost from the Bushmere paddocks.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at East Cape
Map Location: -37.690942 178.549901
Comments:

CommentHeavy showers were experienced at East Cape on the morning of the 13th following fairly heavy overnight rain. Winds were light and variable.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Gisborne city
Map Location: -38.656661 178.017356
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt 2am on the 13th, the speed of the wind at Darton Field suddenly increased from 10 mph (16 km/hr) to 35 mph (56 km/hr).

Physical CharacteristicBy 3:30am on the 13th, gusts were reaching 62 mph (100 km/hr) - one of the highest speeds ever recorded at the Gisborne meteorological station. At 9am, gusts were again reaching 62 mph (100 km/hr).

Peak Wind SpeedAt Darton Field, southerly winds reached 65 mph (105 km/hr) on the night of the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicAt Darton Field, the wind averaged 35 mph (56 km/hr) throughout the night of the 13th.

Affected LifelineIn the town area, 30 telephone lines were out of order on the morning of the 13th, mainly caused by the wind tangling the lines.

Affected LifelineThere was a break in the Awapuni Rd power circuit on the night of the 13th, which was reapired overnight. In the Childers Rd-Roebuck Rd area power was interrupted on the morning of the 14th when the roof of the Childers Road Reserve grandstand was blown onto the wires, damaging them. A pot-head on one of the main feeds from Patutahi to Gisborne blew out, reducing it to one connection. Trouble was also experienced in the water-heating remote-control circuits and the street-lighting circuits.

Affected LifelineA flight from Wellington, Palmerston North and Napier to Gisborne was delayed by the weather on the 12th. Two flights were delayed in leaving Gisborne on the morning of the 13th owing to the strong wind.

DamageHalf of the corrugated iron roof of the grandstand at the Childers Road Reserve was swept away during the night of the 13th. A 15 ft by 12 ft (4.6 m by 3.7 m) asbestos roof of a shed on Aberdeen Rd was rolled right over the house during the night. Windows were blown in at several shops and businesses and verandah blinds were torn.

TornadoTornado
Comments:

DamageAt 6:30am on the 14th, what was described as almost a hurricane on a narrow front swept along Andrews St in Te Hapara. It may have been a small tornado. It lifted a 6-month-old house along with its concrete piles and left it on its side 30 yards (27 m) away. It also shifted another house round on its blocks, took sheets of iron and tiles off other roofs, blew a large tree down and upturned a car.

InjuriesA 4-year-old girl who was in the house when it was lifted was apparently thrown through a window and received many scratches on her back.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 2.25 in (5.7 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th. Most of this fell between midnight and 9am.

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 1 in (2.5 cm) of rain in 2 hours from 2am to 4am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 4.44 in (11.3 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9.30am on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicDarton Field received 1.12 in (2.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 15th.

Physical CharacteristicGisborne airfield received 4.49 in (11.4 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicThe signal station at Kaiti Beach received 4.24 in (10.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9.30am on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe signal station at Kaiti Beach received 6.67 in (16.9 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9.30am on the 15th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentParts of the borough of Gisborne were flooded, when the Taruheru and Waikanae Rivers overflowed their banks in dozens of places during the night of the 13th.

Affected LifelineAll roads within a short radius of Gisborne were blocked on the morning of the 14th by the floodwaters of the Waipaoa River catchment area. A number of cars throughout the district were caught in the surging water and some had to be abandoned.

ImpactThe floodwater swept to within inches of several riverside homes. The houses which bore the brunt of the flooding were those facing onto Fitzherbert St and Ormond Rd and backing onto the river. The grounds of one home and the small reserve beside it were almost submerged.

DamageThe Waimata River brought down debris and large logs, most of which fell foul of the William Pettie bridge. A few small pleasure boats left on the banks were swept away, as well as several small jetties and numerous trees.

ImpactThe Taruheru River invaded the Botanical Gardens, leaving most of the trees standing in lakes. The ground floors of the rowing club were evacuated on the night of the 13th when water came in up to the windows.

Physical CharacteristicThe flow of the Taruheru River had reached its full strength by 5pm on the 14th.

CommentKaiti Creek, which runs from Crawford Rd, also rose during the night.

ImpactMost of the permanent campers at Waikanae Beach had their tents affected by the strong southerly wind coming in off the sea on the night of the 13th. Several tents were blown down.

Affected LifelineHeavy rain on the 13th caused minor flooding on Darton Field aerodrome and it was declared unserviceable. No flights could get into Gisborne on the afternoon of the 13th. On the 14th the aerodrome was part of the huge lake of floodwaters. Early in the afternoon water completely covered the hangars. Silt was deposited over a considerable portion of the airport, resulting in it being closed to normal traffic for several months.

Physical CharacteristicThere was still about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water at the aerodrome on the morning of the 15th.

DamageThere was 3-4 in (7.6-10.2 cm) of silt deposited over Darton Field.

DamageTwo aircraft at Darton Field were extensively damaged by water and silt after being marooned in a hangar in nearly 6 ft (1.8 m) of water on the 14th. Floodwater also seeped into approximately 1000 gallons of petrol rendering it useless.

DamageA railway bridge by the aerodrome was scoured for about 20 ft (6.1 m), as was the Kaiti bridge by the turntable.

ImpactThe meteorological plot at Darton Field was flooded out on the 14th.

CommentThe Waikanae Stream was filled to capacity on the 14th and rose almost to the level of the bridges which crossed it at Stanley Rd, Grey St and Bright St.

DamageThe flooding of the Waikanae Creek caused damage to all small bridges crossing it. The Stanley Rd bridge had minor damage as did the Grey St bridge. The Peel St bridge had one of the approaches scoured out. The Balance St footbridge suffered damage to the whole superstructure. Piles under the Derby St pedestrian and cycle bridge were damaged. The William Pettie bridge crossing the Waimana River was slightly damaged.

Affected LifelineThe Peel St bridge leading to the railway station was completely closed on the 15th and the Balance St footbridge was also entirely closed.

Affected LifelineOne and possibly three major breaks occurred in the borough water supply pipeline from Waingake to Gisborne on the 14th. Some houses were without water until the night of the 17th and houses on the higher levels of town remained without water on the 18th due to the pressure being too low.

EvacueesOver 100 residents of Victoria Township (Awapuni) accepted the opportunity of evacuation on the evening of the 14th. They were sheltered at the Salvation Army Citadel or billeted out. Residents of the transit camp at the Park racecourse were also evacuated earlier when the camp was threatened with inundation.

Affected LifelineTwo of three bridges connecting Victoria Township (Awapuni) with the town area were submerged under racing floodwaters and the third was threatened on the evening of the 14th. Floodwaters had broken down through Awapuni Rd and lapped up to the houses that lined one side of the street.

DamageScouring along the permanent way occurred between Gisborne railway station and Stanley Rd and between te aerodome and Matawhero railway station.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentOn the morning of the 13th, the seas were encroaching well up the Kaiti and Waikanae beaches. The seas were still running high on the morning of the 14th.

CommentThe heavy seas backed up the water in the Turanganui River. At high tide at about 8:30am on the 13th the river near the Trafalgar bandstand was within a few inches of overlapping the banks.

ImpactThe Koau had to seek shelter at Gisborne from the night of the 12th till the 14th due to the rough seas. No other shipping was affected.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe pressure recorded at Darton Field on the night of the 14th was 29.76. On the morning of the 15th it was 29.83.

FloodingFlooding at Hangaroa
Map Location: -38.683811 177.617635
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road surface at the Hangaroa Bluffs was greasy on the 13th and Kent's crossing was too high for small cars to ford.

CommentThe Hangaroa River was as high as it had ever been. A great quantity of timber was carried down to the lower levels.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Hexton
Map Location: -38.614112 177.968916
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Hexton feeder was out from the night of the 13th until the morning of the 14th, leaving consumers without power from 6pm.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe back Ormond road was impassable at Hexton on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kanakanaia
Map Location: -38.409537 177.943109
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKanakanaia received 10.10 in (25.7 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicKanakanaia received 339 mm (33.9 cm) of rain in 72 hours - a return period of 45 years.

FloodingFlooding at Makaraka
Map Location: -38.649333 177.95759
Comments:

ImpactThe Makaraka racecourse was covered with water, with only the large buildings on the southern edge showing on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicIn a woolshed overlooking the Taruheru River just north of Makaraka, the floodwater reached a level 5 ft (1.5 m) higher than in the 1910 flood. After the flood, the vicinity of the homestead was piled with carcases, timber and driftwood to a height level with the telephone wires.

LightningLightning
Comments:

DamageShortly after 6am on the 14th a lightning bolt struck a Makaraka property. The lightning split a willow tree in the front garden, entered the house through two front windows and blew out five other windows and a double chimney at the back of the house. Electric light wires in the house were broken and heavy rain entering through the broken windows added to the trouble.

FloodingFlooding at Makauri
Map Location: -38.62495 177.958179
Comments:

Stock DamageAnimals were caught up in fences throughout the Makauri district. 500 sheep were reported to have been swept away from a Makauri property. 400 cattle from the same district were said to have been carried off and another Makauri farmer lost 1300 sheep. A poultry farmer lost 500-600 birds and another producer in the area lost 300.

Physical CharacteristicMr Mills, a Makauri farmer on Tuckers Rd had water 1 ft (30.5 cm) deep throughout his house on the morning of the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe level of water was 2 ft (61 cm) higher than the previous record flood within the 40-odd years Mr Mills had lived there.

CommentThe rising floodwaters started to give farmers in Makauri serious concern from about 8:30am on the 14th.

CommentFlood conditions in the King's Rd area and down through Makauri to Makaraka were worse than in the major flood of 1910, which set some of the highest food-marks of the past.

FloodingFlooding at Manutuke
Map Location: -38.680429 177.905684
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main road from Manutuke to Muriwai was covered with water for some distance.

FloodingFlooding at Maraetaha
Map Location: -38.829384 177.892426
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe low-level Maraetaha No. 1 bridge was under water on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Matawai
Map Location: -38.356439 177.53729
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMatawai received 6.70 in (17.0 cm) on the 13th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

ImpactThe stream running past the township overflowed as a result of a slip which choked its bed. Water flowed across the main highway into the hotel grounds, entering ground-level rooms at the rear of the main building. A heavy deposit of silt was left in the grounds.

Affected LifelineTravellers were marooned overnight owing to the highway being closed in both directions.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Motu River ran high and fast, sweeping three access bridges away at the height of the flooding. Two residences were cut off from the township.

Stock DamageSome stock losses were reported.

FloodingFlooding at Matawhero
Map Location: -38.657823 177.948982
Comments:

Impact14 men were isolated at the Matawhero railway station for about 16 hours from midday on the 14th. Water was almost up to the top of the platform. Four women and 10 children were also marooned in railway houses opposite.

Stock DamageOne commercial poultry keeper lost all but 2 of his 900 birds.

FloodingFlooding at Motu
Map Location: -38.258449 177.551615
Comments:

Stock DamagePart of a valuable dairy herd at Motu was lost.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Moutohora
Map Location: -38.280615 177.527289
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelephone line damage put the Moutohora link out of commission completely on the morning of the 13th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Muriwai
Map Location: -38.750443 177.924381
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Muriwai feeder was suffering occasional trouble owing to wires swinging together during the storm. A pole and transformer were down on the morning of the 14th, and consumers beyond that point were without power.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main road was blocked by surface water in the Muriwai area on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ngatapa
Map Location: -38.587511 177.788321
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNgatapa received 2.95 in (7.5 cm) of rain in 17 hours between 2am and 7am on the 13th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentA wind of gale force arose at about 2am on the 13th and was still blowing strongly at 9am.

Affected LifelineThe Ngatapa feeder was suffering occasional trouble owing to wires swinging together during the storm.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentFlooding at Ngatapa was the worst that anyone in the neighbourhood could remember, but the effects were minimised by the cuts made below the settlement.

DamageSome houses were lapped by water and silting was bad in some paddocks. Fences on one property were broken and lost.

Crop DamageCrops in the valley below the settlement suffered.

Affected LifelineThe Ngatapa road was under water for a time but did not suffer severe scouring.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Owhena station
Map Location: -38.069437 177.984006
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOwhena received 6.20 in (15.7 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Parikanapa station
Map Location: -38.752059 177.691802
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicParikanapa Station received 3.36 in (8.5 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicParikanapa Station received 6.34 in (16.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 8.30am on the 14th.

CommentA terrific thunderstorm broke in the locality between 8am and 9am on the 14th, with rain of the heaviest intensity.

FloodingFlooding at Patutahi
Map Location: -38.62513 177.890917
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn the 14th, floodwaters were raging over the section of the Patutahi road past the Matawhero bridge turn-off.

Affected LifelineAll traffic beyond Patutahi was suspended at the lavenham bridges, just past the township, effectively cutting off communication with Repongaere and Waitui.

FloodingFlooding at Pauariki homestead
Map Location: -38.131439 178.251642
Comments:

DamageOn the Tokomaru-Mata highway the floods caused scouring at the log bar in the Pauariki Stream.

FloodingFlooding at Pehiri
Map Location: -38.646258 177.609424
Comments:

Affected LifelineSettlers in the Pehiri-Tahunga area were isolated for three days, from the 14th to the 16th, during the height of the flood due to the flooding of the Waikura River. The river covered fences.

Physical CharacteristicThe Waikura River was from 18-20 ft (5.5-6.1 m) above its normal level.

Affected LifelineA suspension bridge giving access to a property suffered severe damage and only the cables were saved. At the height of the flood the bridge decking was covered by a rushing torrent, carrying heavy timber and other debris.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt the residence of Mr Parker, 6.46 in (16.4 cm) of rain was recorded over the first three days of the storm.

CommentThe falls must have been heavier in the hill country further back.

FloodingFlooding at Potaka
Map Location: -37.574821 178.140169
Comments:

CommentThe Oweka Stream, between Cape Runaway and Hicks Bay, was in flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Puha
Map Location: -38.458563 177.830076
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPuha received 9.95 in (25.3 cm) of rain in 48 hours to the 14th - the highest 48-hour rainfall since May 1914.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactA couple were marooned at their house in Puha and spent the night of the 13th on their roof before being rescued.

Affected LifelineMcKay's bridge at Puha was under water on the 14th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Puketahore Hill
Map Location: -38.131693 177.921539
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPuketahore received 8.25 in (21.0 cm) of rain on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding at Repongaere
Map Location: -38.595653 177.894624
Comments:

Stock DamageA poultry producer in Repongaere lost 300-400 birds.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ruatoria
Map Location: -37.890508 178.310264
Comments:

CommentRuatoria experienced heavy overnight rain on the night of the 12th.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentA severe electrical storm swept across the township between 10am and 11am on the morning of the 13th.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentAt one period during the morning of the 13th there was a hailstorm.

Hail SizeSome of the hailstones were up to 1/2 in (1.3 cm) in diameter.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe Waiapu River was running a banker on the 14th, while the Mangaoporo, a few miles further on, showed practically no signs of floodwater.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Tahunga station
Map Location: -38.62533 177.512046
Comments:

ImpactA man went missing after separating from two other pig hunters in the bush on Tahunga station at 1pm on the 12th. He was found on the morning of the 16th. He had gotten lost, endured soaking rain, had nearly been drowned several times and had to spend 15 hours up a tree in the middle of a swirling stream.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road between Waterfall Hill and Tahunga was severely damaged by floodwaters.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal at Tatapouri
Map Location: -38.646034 178.145444
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Tatapouri, high seas scoured away the road bank at the edge of the old slip, eroding the filling.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Karaka
Map Location: -38.467237 177.870255
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTe Karaka received 2.19 in (5.6 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Karaka received 7.57 in (19.2 cm) of rain on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Karaka received 10.29 in (26.1 cm) of rain in 48 hours to the 14th - a record 48-hour rainfall.

Physical CharacteristicRain varying from 3.61 in to 11.55 in (9.2-29.3 cm) fell in the Waipaoa catchment on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Te Karaka, all flood marks of recent years were washed out by the level of the Waipaoa River.

Affected LifelineSerious damage was done to the Rangatira suspension bridge. It was afloat at 9:30am on the 14th, the cables still holding but the bridge badly damaged.

Affected LifelineThe Kanakanaia steel bridge was reported to have been washed out at the approaches.

Physical CharacteristicThe flood gauge at the Kanakanaia bridge went right out of sight, with the flood in the Waipaoa River peaking at least 5 ft (1.5 m) above the peak height of the 1944 flood, which was 7.9 m. It was calclulated that the Waipaoa was 31 ft (9.4 m) above normal.

Peak River FlowAt 8:30am on the 14th, when the flood reached its peak, the flow of the Waiapaoa at Kanakanaia bridge had climbed to 127,500 cubic feet per second (3610 cumecs).

Peak River FlowThe peak discharge of the Waipaoa River at the Kanakanaia Bridge was 140,000 cusecs (3964 cumecs), with a total discharge of 315,500 acres-feet (catchment area 606 square miles).

Peak River LevelThe gauge height at the time of the peak flow was 31 ft 9 in (9.7 m).

ImpactIt was the worst flood in Te Karaka in memory. All the rivers overflowed their banks and came right into the township. One house was submerged to such an extent that only the roof was showing.

Affected LifelineWater was down the main street and water from the Waipaoa River was right across the road at the Post Office on the morning of the 14th.

EvacueesHomes were evacuated by a number of Te Karaka residents.

ImpactA man was rescued by raft from the roof of his house on the morning of the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe flood level from the Waihora River at Mr Charteris' house was 5 ft (1.5 m) lower than that of 1944, despite a 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) higher outfall level at the Waipaoa River confluence.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Puia Springs
Map Location: -38.054756 178.309912
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTe Puia received 7.51 in (19.1 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Puia received 5.91 in (15.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicTe Puia received 18.22 in (46.3 cm) of rain between the 13th and the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tikitiki
Map Location: -37.797294 178.411972
Comments:

Physical Characteristic10 in (25.4 cm) of rain fell during the storm week in the area.

LandslideLandslide at Tiniroto
Map Location: -38.772877 177.567025
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a slip at Law's hill, Tiniroto.

FloodingFlooding at Waerengaahika
Map Location: -38.601149 177.92432
Comments:

ImpactFloodwaters swirled around homes in the vicinity of the Waerengaahika Hotel on the 14th. Some families were marooned throughout the day and night.

Physical CharacteristicAt the height of the flood water was lapping through the windows of one house. At another house near the railway line, water reached up to the waists of the occupants when they were sitting on chairs on top of the table.

ImpactThree men were attempting to rescue a marooned family in a boat at around 12:30pm on the 14th when it capsized and they were swept down the river. One man was rescued and had to be resuscitated. The other two ended up stranded in two willow trees for over five hours with 8 ft (2.4 m) of water swirling below them.

FloodingFlooding at Waikohu homestead
Map Location: -38.460269 177.789463
Comments:

CommentIn the Waikohu area, streams converging from the Whakarau and Poututu valleys and the Rakauroa and Otoko catchment areas were higher than they had been in floods for at least the last 68 years.

CommentOn the Waikohu station there had been some brich logs on a flat that was feet above the level of previous floods for 70-odd years. On the 14th that flat was covered and further birch logs were deposited there.

DamageFences were flattened on the lower portions of Waihuka station.

Stock DamageFour valuable two-year-old Hereford bulls were lost.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waimata
Map Location: -38.503811 178.046705
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaimata received 9.40 in (23.9 cm) of rain on the 13th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Waimata feeder was out from the night of the 13th until the morning of the 14th, leaving consumers without power from 6pm.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waingake
Map Location: -38.785686 177.794884
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaingake received 3.68 in (9.3 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicWaingake received 7.35 in (18.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicWaingake received 2.97 in (7.5 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe total rainfall for the three days was 14 in (35.6 cm).

FloodingFlooding at Waipaoa River
Map Location: -38.627543 177.908335
Comments:

ImpactThe Waipaoa River broke its banks at points along the lower reaches, in the vicinity of Waerengaahika, Patutahi, Matawhero, Manutuke and The Willows settlement. It inundated a considerable portion of the flats behind Gisborne. Stormwater also covered a large area in the parts of the flats which were not flooded by the Waipaoa River.

EvacueesPeople living in riverside properties on the flats had to evacuate their homes.

ImpactIn the middle reaches of the river, where the rise in level was most notable, two families were marooned in their houses and had to be rescued from their rooftops.

LandslideLandslide at Whakarau homestead
Map Location: -38.384215 177.631897
Comments:

Affected LifelineTwo families on the Motu-Waikohu road, via Whakarau, were isolated for nine days from the 13th because of huge slips blocking their access road.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whatatutu
Map Location: -38.383396 177.836989
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhatatutu received 10.20 in (25.9 cm) of rain on the 13th.

CommentRain fell steadily during the night, and continued throughout the morning with heavy showers interspersed with a drizzle.

Physical CharacteristicWhatatutu received 344 mm (34.4 cm) of rain in 72 hours - a return period of more than 150 years.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentAll the streams were running at full capacity. The Waipaoa River was running bank-high near Whatatutu on the morning of the 13th and the Managatu River was also very high.

Affected LifelineA timber bridge on the Mangamaia Rd was reported to have been washed away.

CasualtiesA young man (21 years old) drowned at Whatatutu when trying to cross the flooded Mangapapa Stream on Maungahaumi station at about 11am on the 14th.

DamageTwo houses at the Taihanuti pa were swept away by the flood and another was so badly damaged as to be completely uninhabitable. The pa lost practically all the food stored for the winter.

CommentThe flood was the worst recorded in the area since 1912.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn one section of road near Whatatutu, there were 10 slips within a length of 1/2 mile (805 m).

FloodingFlooding at The Willows homestead
Map Location: -38.507457 177.889671
Comments:

Stock DamageIn the area of The Willows, a mob of about 850 sheep were lost and another 587 hoggets were thought to have been lost - a total of 1437.

Hawke's Bay

FloodingFlooding at Hawke's Bay
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was surface water on the Wairoa road south of Nuhaka on the 14th. Several roads were swept away and others were severely damaged.

CommentExtensive flooding occurred on the Wairoa River from Frasertown downstream and all the flats had a good deposit of silt.

Stock DamageStock losses were reported to be heavy.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineAll parts of the Wairoa district, except the Wairoa borough, were without power on the evening of the 14th. Power and telephone communciation was still disconnected in a number of areas on the 17th.

Damage CostWairoa county main highways suffered £19,342 ($1,251,130 2008 dollars) of damage and county roads £16,500 ($1,067,300 2008 dollars) - a total of ($2,318,430 2008 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain was still falling in the back country on the evening of the 14th, particularly over the Waikaremoana area.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ardkeen Hall
Map Location: -38.929346 177.274703
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArdkeen received 2.31 in (5.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicArdkeen received 3.71 in (9.4 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicArdkeen received 2.94 in (7.5 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThree day rainfalls varied between 6.79" and 17.7" over the Wairoa River catchment.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineResidents on a portion of the Ardkeen block were still marooned on the night of the 14th, with the road flooded in two parts, completely cutting off farmers in between.

Affected LifelineMany residents were without power and it could not be restored until the road was cleared of water.

DamageA bus had to be abandoned at Ardkeen due to rapidly rising water. Twenty minutes after stopping the bus was under water and mail, luggage and other freight could not be rescued.

Physical CharacteristicAt Waikaretaheke bridge, which gives access to Ruapapa, the water rose over 38 ft (11.6 m), with the water level 3 ft (91 cm) from the decking of the bridge.

DamageThe approaches of the Waikaretaheke bridge were scoured.

FloodingFlooding at Awamate homestead
Map Location: -39.015463 177.370714
Comments:

ImpactThe Awamate block was marooned for the first time in its history. Due to it being the chief supplier of milk for the borough, milk was in short supply on the 15th.

DamageMany acres were ruined by the flood. A large tract of land also disappeard into the river on the Wairoa side of the settlement.

FloodingFlooding at Cape Kidnappers
Map Location: -39.643256 177.095503
Comments:

CommentBeaches in the Cape Kidnappers locality were piled with debris resulting from heavy flooding on the Gisborne coast.

FloodingFlooding at Frasertown
Map Location: -38.965721 177.409772
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt the Frasertown bridge, the Wairoa River was 18 in (45.7 cm) from the decking on the 14th, having risen to a height of 30-40 ft (9.1-12.2 m) above normal.

Peak River FlowThe Waiau River had a peak flow of 123,850 cusecs (3507 cumecs) at 20 chains (402 m) above the pumping station (catchment area 545 sq miles).

Peak River FlowThe Wairoa River had a peak discharge of 282,400 cusecs (7997 cumecs) above Frasertown.

DamageThe Frasertown bridge withstood a huge strain and remained intact but showed a bulge of at least 10 ft (3.0 m) on one side.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hastings
Map Location: -39.635771 176.828045
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHastings received 1.51 in (3.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Hawke's Bay Airport
Map Location: -39.469034 176.867078
Comments:

Affected LifelineTwo flights were weatherbound at the airport on the morning of the 14th. The airport was still closed to aircraft on the 17th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hopururahine Landing
Map Location: -38.714259 177.051542
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHopururahine received 7.94 in (20.2 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageAt Hopuruahine a two-roomed fishing lodge had disappeared with all its contents.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kahuranaki homestead
Map Location: -39.784988 176.854472
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKahuranaki received 2.20 in (5.6 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

LandslideLandslide at Kotemaori
Map Location: -39.062668 177.042276
Comments:

Affected LifelineBetween Kotemaori and Raupunga a slip came down on the railway line, estimated at over 1000 yards (914 m).

FloodingFlooding at Mangaaruhe homestead
Map Location: -38.889943 177.445393
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Mangaruhe swing bridge was carried away early on the afternoon of the 14th.

FloodingFlooding at Marumaru
Map Location: -38.893567 177.456587
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Hangaroa road was blocked in the vicinity of Marumaru, where water reached the top rail of the Waitohora Creek bridge.

Physical CharacteristicThe Wairoa River reached a height of 16 ft (4.9 m) above normal in the Marumaru area.

LandslideLandslide at Matahorua Viaduct
Map Location: -39.168128 176.952838
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe were heavy slips on the Napier-Wairoa road in the Matahoura Gorge.

FloodingFlooding at Matai homestead
Map Location: -38.933994 177.28307
Comments:

Affected LifelineHall's bridge at Matai was badly damage, with more than half the decking gone.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mokopeka homestead
Map Location: -39.749906 176.919072
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMokopeka received 2.31 in (5.9 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

LightningLightning at Morere
Map Location: -38.981823 177.785179
Comments:

Affected LifelineLightning apparently struck one of the telephone circuits at Morere overnight on the 12th, leaving the line to Gisborne out of order.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Napier
Map Location: -39.502426 176.892804
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNapier received 1.71 in (4.3 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

LandslideLandslide at Ohinepaka
Map Location: -39.012319 177.334684
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road was blocked 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Wairoa on the 15th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Onepoto
Map Location: -38.804999 177.12421
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 3.06 in (7.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 4.35 in (11.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 4.68 in (11.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicOnepoto received 307 mm (30.7 cm) of rain in three days. This had a return period of 20 years.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ongaonha
Map Location: -39.915653 176.427543
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOngaonga received 2.50 in (6.4 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

FloodingFlooding at Opoiti homestead
Map Location: -38.883135 177.492848
Comments:

Peak River FlowThe Wairoa River had a peak discharge of 230,300 cusecs (6521 cumecs) 30 chains (600 m) below Opoiti Bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Ruakituri
Map Location: -38.774489 177.398914
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road to Ruakituri was still closed on the 17th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Apiti homestead
Map Location: -39.911598 176.935928
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTe Apiti received 1.99 in (5.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Te Reinga
Map Location: -38.825574 177.523178
Comments:

Peak River FlowThe Ruakituri River had a peak flow of 51,570 cusecs (1460 cumecs) 1 mile (1.6 km) above the state highway junction (catchment area 204 square miles).

Peak River FlowThe Hangaroa River had a peak flow of 73,870 cusecs (2092 cumecs) 1 mile (1.6 km) above Te Reinga School (catchment area 289 square miles).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tuai
Map Location: -38.812925 177.141966
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 2.25 in (5.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 3.36 in (8.5 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 4.65 in (11.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicTuai received 260 mm (26 cm) of rain in three days. This had a return period of 15 years

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Undercliff homestead
Map Location: -39.676729 176.923655
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicUndercliff received 2.10 in (5.3 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waikaremoana
Map Location: -38.756549 177.154762
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaikaremoana received 3.06 in (7.8 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicWaikaremoana received 4.35 in (11.0 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicWaikaremoana received 4.68 in (11.9 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 15th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicIn the two days up to the 13th, Lake Waikaremoana rose nearly 4 in (10.2 cm) to a level of 1989.3 ft (606.3 m) above sea level.

Physical CharacteristicDuring the 48 hours to 9am on the 15th, Lake Waikaremoana rose 6.3 ft (1.9 m) to a level of 1995.6 ft (608.3 m) above sea level

DamageRoads and farms in the direction of Waikaremoana presented a scene of desolation. The amount of erosion was terrific, with huge pieces of land having disappeared.

Crop DamageAcres of crops, maize and lucerne disappeared under silt.

CommentThe water reached a record height. For a considerable length, telephone wires some 14 ft (4.3 m) from the roadway were carrying strips of long grass, blackberry, light sticks and other debris.

DamageA number of fishermen's cottages on the shores of the lake were demolished.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe highway suffered severe damage in many places and had numerous slips.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentAn electrical storm was experienced at the lake early on the morning of the 13th.

LandslideLandslide at Waikokopu
Map Location: -39.073442 177.826734
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was thought to be a washout on the railway line near Waikokopu on the morning of the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waipoapoa homestead
Map Location: -39.873595 176.873494
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaipoapoa received 2.60 in (6.6 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waipukurau
Map Location: -39.999445 176.562423
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaipukurau received 1.56 in (4.0 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 13th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wairoa
Map Location: -39.041861 177.423248
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWairoa received 1.8 in (4.6 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 12th.

Physical CharacteristicWairoa received 1.05 in (2.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 13th.

Physical CharacteristicWairoa received 1.06 in (2.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicWairoa had received 3.95 in (10.0 cm) of rain from the 10th.

CommentHeavy rain continued throughout the 14th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactBy 3:30pm on the 14th, the flood level of the Wairoa River had reached a record height, being less than 2 ft (61 cm) from overflowing on the lower portion of Marine Parade. The river continued rising and at about 5pm the waters reached Marine Parade and penetrated a number of business premises. The reserves in the vicinity of the traffic bridge were also flooded. The river rose so rapidly that the members of the rowing club had to swim into the shed to rescue their boats.

Affected LifelineAt 5pm on the 14th the traffic bridge had to be closed, and was reopened early the next morning. When it was closed the surge was passing over the traffic way. Roads both in and out of Wairoa were blocked by floodwaters on the 14th and the morning of the 15th.

ImpactAll sporting fixtures on the 15th were cancelled.

CommentDuring the afternoon of the 14th huge logs, trees, fencing, drowned stock, hay stacks and other debris continuously battered the main bridge.

Peak Water LevelAt the height of the flood parts of the Wairoa Parade were covered to a depth of up to 12 in (30.5 cm).

DamageThere was a deposit of at least 3 ft (91 cm) of silt on the basketball court. The camping grounds and children's playground were also covered in silt.

DamageThe No. 2 Harbour Board shed on the town wharf suffered severely. Half the building was left hanging into the river. Floodwaters also entered the No. 1 shed.

ImpactThe Wairoa A and P Society's ground was flooded to a considerable depth.

Stock DamageBetween 40 and 50 sheep and lambs on the A and P grounds were drowned.

DamageFloodwaters did considerable damage to roads in the North Clyde locality.

EvacueesAt North Clyde a number of residents has to evacuate their homes due to the encroachment of water. The area around the memorial hall at Takitimu was also evacuated.

Physical CharacteristicThe water reached to the windowsills of some homes in North Clyde.

Affected LifelineWairoa was without water for more than a week. There was a shortage of water in the Wairoa area due to the pumping station being flooded. During the flood the water rose 35 ft (10.7 m) to the top platform of the pumping tower and then flowed through to the pumps at the bottom.

Peak River FlowThe Wairoa River had a peak flow of 404,000 cusecs (11,440 cumecs) at the Wairoa Town Bridge (catchment area 1415 sq miles). This was the highest record of discharge in New Zealand.

Peak Water LevelWater entered buildings to a depth of 3 ft (91 cm).

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentThe southerly winds rose to gale force on and off for a few days.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineWairoa was isolated from the north and south by slips on the 15th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentThe seas off Wairoa were mountainous high on the 14th due to the exceptionally strong southerly gale.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Palmerston North
Map Location: -40.355525 175.616438
Comments:

Affected LifelineA flight from Auckland to Wellington was forced to land at Palmerston North on the morning of the 12th owing to bad weather. It tried to take off again later but had to return.

References

Cowie, C. A. and Attwood, A. K. (1957). Floods in New Zealand 1920-1953. The Soil Conservation Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Headline: District rivers rising in worst storm for years.
The Gisborne Herald, 13 May 1948.
Headline: Forced to land.
The Gisborne Herald, Source: P.A., 13 May 1948.
Headline: Raging floodwaters isolate Gisborne.
The Gisborne Herald, 14 May 1948.
Headline: Waipaoa River breaks banks.
The Gisborne Herald, 14 May 1948.
Headline: Wairoa position: Nothing alarming.
The Gisborne Herald, 14 May 1948.
Headline: Bridges damaged in Gisborne borough.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Camps down.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Disastrous losses of livestock.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Gale blows Te Hapara house 30yds; shifts another.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Gisborne district suffers flood disaster.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Heavy rainfall.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Lightning bolt wrecks chimneys and windows of Makaraka house.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Main flood waters recede.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: 'Phone lines done.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Two men stranded for five hours in willow tree.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Waikanae residents evacuated when floodwaters rise.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Wairoa surge: Record level.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Weather office flooded out.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Young man drowned: Whatatutu fatality.
The Gisborne Herald, 15 May 1948.
Headline: Aftermath of the flood.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Body recovered: Whatatutu drowning.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Gisborne 'drome unservicable.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Hasty exit: North Clyde area.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Lake rises.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Many telegraph lines still down.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Miserable wait.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Missing shooter found after being marooned for four days.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Opotiki suffers: Waioeka overflows.
The Gisborne Herald, Source: PA, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Patutahi and Manutuke flooding.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Planes damaged by water and silt.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Scouring on railway: Express trains to run from Wednesday.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Stock losses run into thousands: Sheep carcases in Belsen-like piles.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Stuck in Oweka Stream.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Terrific erosion: Wairoa area.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Took battering: Wairoa Bridge.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Took shetland pony to bed: Waerenga-a-hika residents have miraculous escapes.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Waipaoa River's terrific flow.
The Gisborne Herald, 17 May 1948.
Headline: Cuts at Ngatapa.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Gisborne flocks of poultry reduced by third.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Inquest opened: Whatatutu fatality.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Makauri flooding was worse than in the major flood of 1910.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Mass stock graves at Awapuni: Boiling down at Kaiti Works.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Rail wash-out.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Road bulletin.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Survey of damage: Wairoa area.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Three houses swept from pa.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: Water supply resumed.
The Gisborne Herald, 18 May 1948.
Headline: 14in. of rain in three days.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Express reached Gisborne last night - main south line cleared.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Farm-to-farm survey: Much work for big labour force.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Gale victim's loss.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Highest level at Waihuka station for 70-odd years.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Pehiri isolated for three days flood.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Road bulletin.
The Gisborne Herald, 20 May 1948.
Headline: Flood damage to Waiapu County roads.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Heavy Te Whaiti damage: Lengths of road swept away: Anglers' lodges destroyed.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Toll of the flood: Farm survey gives early count of loss.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Wairoa's water supply problem: Repairs to plant.
The Gisborne Herald, 21 May 1948.
Headline: Heavy storm at Tikitiki.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Isolated homes found yesterday.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Losses in flood: 6673 acres silted.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Matawai flood.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Waikohu area flood losses: Severe damage.
The Gisborne Herald, 22 May 1948.
Headline: Debris on H.B. beaches.
The Gisborne Herald, 24 May 1948.
Headline: Heaviest flood since P.B. settlement began.
The Gisborne Herald, 25 May 1948.
Headline: Losses of metal through floods.
The Gisborne Herald, 27 May 1948.
Headline: Boisterous night with heavy rain in Hawke's Bay.
The Hawke's Bay Herald-Tribune, 13 May 1948.
Hawke's Bay Regional Council: www.hbrc.govt.nz.
Hydrology Annual No.3, 1955, Soil Conservation and River Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Johnston, D. D., and Pearse, L.J. (2007). Hazards in Hawke's Bay. Hawke's Bay Regional Council, Napier, New Zealand.
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Workshop on Wind damage in New Zealand Exotic Forests, Ministry of Forestery, FRI Bullrtin 146, Accounting for New Zealand Plantation's Risk to Wind Damage - facing the facts, David New.