NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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July 1908 New Zealand Storm ( 1908-07-04 )

There were gales in Auckland, snow in inland Canterbury and Otago, and there was heavy rain and flooding in Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Canterbury and Otago. The Taieri Plain was extensively flooded and there was a huge snowfall in Naseby.

New Zealand

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at New Zealand
Duration:   9  days - From the 4th till the 12th of July.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding at South Island
Comments:

Affected LifelineIn several places between Oamaru and Timaru and north of Oamaru, the railway was under water. A bad washout occurred on Waitaki River embankment and others between Richmond and Hilderthorpe. Railway traffic was completely restored between Dunedin and Invercargill by the 13th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree wires between Christchurch and the West Coast were interrupted.

Auckland

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Auckland City
Map Location: -36.852397 174.762337
Comments:

CommentAn easterly gale prevailed during 4th and 5th, moderating late on the night of the 5th as the wind went round to the north. Shortly before 3am on the 7th, the wind shifted to the north-west, blowing with terrific force at times. Throughout the 7th, the weather continued very windy, blowing from between north-west and north north-west. Towards evening wind fell somewhat. On the 8th, the wind was blowing strongly from the north-west and continued during the night.

DamageSeveral accidents to shipping occurred during the gale. The scow Totara, anchored off Freeman's Bay, took the ground on the night of the 5th and capsized and two fishing boats were sunk by the wharf after being blown from their moorings. On the afternoon of the 7th, the ferry boat Condor was blown by the force of the wind onto a sandbank.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentThe gale on the 7th was accompanied by heavy rain. Rain squalls were still frequent that evening and on the 8th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentAll vessels that arrived in Auckland on the 8th reported severe weather and the south-east and south-west gales were felt far out at sea.

DamageThe scow Southern Isle met very stormy weather from Ngunguru to Auckland. The mainsail was split and two of the outer jibs were carried away.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Palmerston North
Map Location: -40.355525 175.616438
Comments:

CommentThe rain ceased for the whole morning but commenced again in the afternoon of the 7th. Heavy rain was falling again on the 8th and had not entirely ceased in the ranges.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe Manawatu River was in heavy flood on the 6th. The river subsided greatly during the night of the 7th

Physical CharacteristicThe water at Fitzherbert bridge was within 3 ft (91 cm) of the highest floodwater mark.

ImpactThe sports ground was half under water on the 6th.

Stock DamageDrowned cattle were seen in the river on the 7th.

DamageOn the 7th, about 14 ft (4.3 m) of the massive groyne recently erected was carried bodily away. All groynes erected were submerged.

Peak River FlowThe peak discharge of the Manawatu River on the 7th was 50,000 cusecs (1416 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Shannon
Map Location: -40.551271 175.420312
Comments:

DamageThe flood deposited a lot of silt at Shannon.

ImpactSome farmers resorted to feeding their stock tree leaves.

Wellington

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Masterton
Map Location: -40.964296 175.667649
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMasterton received 2.32 in (5.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours to the 7th.

CommentIt was still raining heavily on the 7th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe rivers and creeks were in flood and the low-lying lands were submerged.

Crop DamageSome areas under crop on the banks of the Ruamahanga River were washed away.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Wellington City
Map Location: -41.28855 174.776764
Comments:

CommentThe weather in Wellington had been very wet for the past few weeks. On the 9th it was worse, the rain falling continuously, accompanied by a fresh wind.

Canterbury

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Canterbury
Comments:

Affected LifelineAll East Coast telegraph wires were down between Waiau and Kaikoura on the 7th due to a heavy fall of snow.

CommentRight up to the Bealey the fall of snow was exceptionally heavy.

CommentOn the South Canterbury mountains snow fell instead of rain.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe whole country from Orari to Timaru was practically one broad sea of water. Thousands of acres of land and scores of miles of roads were entirely under water.

Physical CharacteristicMany dozens of families were confined to their cottages, which were surrounded with water 1 ft (31 cm) deep.

Physical CharacteristicThe Opihi and Temuka Rivers were raging torrents nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and the water was within 2 or 3 ft (61-91 cm) of the decking of bridges.

CommentThe South Canterbury rivers were all in high flood.

Affected LifelineThe train services on the lowlands were disorganised. The line between St Andrews and Waitaki was flooded by several washouts on the morning of the 8th and no train got through that day. On the main railway line there was through communication to Timaru only on the 9th. The line to Fairlie was reopened on the 9th after the floods between Washdyke and the Levels subsided.

ImpactSome accidents at river crossings were reported.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSouth Canterbury received 6-7 in (15.2-17.8 cm) of rain in the 36 hours to 11am on the 8th.

CommentRain prevailed in South Canterbury from 11pm on the 6th till 11am on the 8th. Rain was heavier near the coast than inland.

Physical CharacteristicAshley county received about 1 in (2.5 cm) of rain on the night of the 8th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ashburton
Map Location: -43.902384 171.736416
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAshburton received 6.8 in (17.2 cm) of rain in the 9 days up to 9am on the 10th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentThere were heavy falls of snow in the back country of Ashburton during the past week up till the 10th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Banks Peninsula
Map Location: -43.73644 173.024672
Comments:

CommentThe heaviest rain experienced on Banks Peninsula for many years commenced at around 11pm on the 6th and was still falling in torrents on the 8th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactCreeks were phenomenally high and houses in their vicinity were flooded, with the water rushing through them.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.530896 172.636457
Comments:

CommentFor 24 hours on the 6th and 7th, Christchurch experienced the heaviest rainfall for some years. Rain had fallen more or less heavily on 12 days out of the past fortnight and ground was waterlogged.

CommentHeavy showers fell in early morning on the 9th, at midday there was a drizzling rain and shortly afterwards it cleared.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe heavy downpour on the 7th was unable to get away, resulting in mini floods in many parts of the city and suburbs. Several houses were invaded by the water. A very large number of houses around Redcliffs had their floors awash.

Physical CharacteristicThe Avon River was 3 ft (91 cm) above normal at 1pm on the 7th and still rising.

Affected LifelineIn the lower-lying parts of the town culverts were blocked at their outlets, causing stormwater to back up and flood the streets.

Affected LifelineThe manufacture of gas at the gasworks was stopped when the pumping station could not cope with the enormous quantity of water. The gasworks started again on the night of the 7th.

Affected LifelineAt Sumner, large quantities of water were coming down the hills, and the main street was flooded in parts.

CommentThe flood subsided rapidly on the evening of the 7th when the rain ceased.

Affected LifelineThee direct wires with the north were still interrupted.

Affected LifelineSome of the suburbs, especially those to the eastward, were thoroughly flooded along the route of the old city and suburban tramway line.

ImpactUp till late on the evening of the 7th, the low ground near the river was almost completely submerged. Hundreds of acres and large areas looked as if they were permanent swamps. A few houses were surrounded by shallow moats of water. In various parts of Linwood the water lay all afternoon.

CommentSmall watercourses became formidable streams. On the Cashmere Hills, every gully carried a roaring torrent of water and the streams formed frequent waterfalls.

CommentThe Avon River was swollen by rain as well as opposed by the tide, and overflowed at many points before subsiding in the afternoon.

ImpactOn the Christchurch side of the hills, the waters nearly all joined and practically converted the flat land into a huge yellow lake.

DamageSurface water did a good deal of damage at Dyer's Pass Road at the foot of the hill.

ImpactFrom Heathcote to Woolston the land above the railway was flooded and presented the appearance of a lake.

ImpactAt Redcliffs, there was a scene of desolation, with the whole place practically under water for acres and acres. At one time people were punting down the main street.

DamageIn Peck's store water was above the level of the floor and considerable damage was done.

Affected LifelineSumner residents suffered heavily. Nayland and Stoke Streets were awash from fence to fence.

ImpactLow-lying land between the baths and the Deaf and Dumb Institute was flooded at an early hour on the morning of the 7th. A copious torrent of water brought large rocks and much silt, putting residents in that area in a perilous position.

DamageBy 1pm water was bubbling through the floor boards of Marina Hotel. Within half an hour the licensee had to remove all stores and fittings from the dining room onto the first floor.

Physical CharacteristicAt its worst, water covered the whole ground floor of Marina Hotel to 3-4 in (7.6-10.2 cm) deep.

Physical CharacteristicThe butcher's shop near the hotel was covered to a depth of about 3 ft (91 cm).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

DamageTwo houses on the hillside near Heathcote were dislodged from their foundations by landslips.

FloodingFlooding at Conway River
Map Location: -42.617966 173.359512
Comments:

Stock DamageThe south coach from Cheviot had an accident on the 8th while attempting to cross the Conway River, and two horses were drowned.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kaikoura
Map Location: -42.402255 173.685685
Comments:

CommentIt rained heavily in Kaikoura from the 4th and, except for a fine day on the 8th, it was almost continuous, and it was still raining heavily on the 9th.

Affected LifelineRivers borth north and south were rising rapidly and were uncrossable.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

ImpactBoats were unable to enter the harbour owing to very heavy sea.

FloodingFlooding at Kapua
Map Location: -44.781309 170.966905
Comments:

ImpactAt Kapua, the side station and some houses were surrounded by several feet of water.

FloodingFlooding at Kurow
Map Location: -44.733863 170.472483
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe approaches to the Kurow railway bridge were considerably damaged. The Kurow railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.

DamageDamage the the line was extensive. The flood waters of the Waikarua and Awamoko Streams and the Otekaieke and Kurow Rivers spread out over the flats and burst through the railway emabankment at many places.

FloodingFlooding at Lincoln
Map Location: -43.640377 172.490183
Comments:

ImpactThe Lincoln township was reported to be flooded.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Lyttelton
Map Location: -43.601111 172.721186
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe continued wet weather in Lyttelton caused delays to shipping. Practically no work was done at any of the steamers in port on the 7th and 8th and several steamers had to delay their departures from the 6th.

CommentNo such rain had been experienced there for 20 years.

FloodingFlooding at Otaio
Map Location: -44.578863 171.163037
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a big washout on the railway line at Otaio.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pareora
Map Location: -44.487186 171.21552
Comments:

CommentThe rainfall at Pareora was believed to be the heaviest experienced there for the past 40 years.

FloodingFlooding at Pleasant Point
Map Location: -44.256165 171.135956
Comments:

CommentThe same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Pleasant Point.

Stock DamageAt Pleasant Point a horse was drowned and the trap was carried into deep water.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Rangiora
Map Location: -43.310142 172.570903
Comments:

ImpactOwing to the heavy rain, the weekly market at Rangiora was put off for the first time in 16 years.

FloodingFlooding at Saltwater Creek
Map Location: -44.410194 171.228486
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a big washout on the railway line at Saltwater Creek.

FloodingFlooding at Temuka
Map Location: -44.235045 171.28436
Comments:

CommentThe same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Temuka.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTimaru received 4.37 in (11.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 8th.

CommentTimaru had not had such rain since the record flood of 1868. The rain ceased on the 9th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageThere was a washout at the Washdyke station yard.

ImpactIn Timaru, flood waters failed to escape by the drains. Several houses were more or less flooded.

ImpactAt Hole and Co.'s brewery the cellars were flooded and the malt kiln fires were put out.

DamageAt Kirk's brickyard a flood invaded the drying shed and kiln. 60,000 bricks which were drying were softened and destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicWater was 2 ft (61 cm) deep on the kiln floor at Kirk's.

Affected LifelineRoad traffic northwardwas was upset by the damage to Washdyke bridge.

Crop DamageDamage was expected to late-sown wheat by the rotting of the seed.

EvacueesSeveral residents in low-lying streets had to leave their homes on the night of the 7th, as water came in over the kitchen floor.

CommentThe floodwaters were clearing on the 9th.

FloodingFlooding at Waihao River
Map Location: -44.794206 171.119741
Comments:

DamageThe worst damage done in the Timaru district was the eating away of the north bank of the Waihao River at the railway bridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waimate
Map Location: -44.7333 171.055364
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaimate received about 5 in (12.3 cm) of rain from the night of the 6th night.

CommentDuring the 6th and 7th, Waimate experienced the heaviest rainfall for many years.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactWaimate Creek was in heavy flood and all the low-lying country was deeply inundated.

Affected LifelineRailway communication was cut off all day on the 8th due to a washout about 1 mile (1.6 km) from town.

ImpactNo mails came from outside places all day.

Affected LifelineThe creek washed away portions of the road-line and the approaches to the bridge and the piping carrying the town water supply, cutting off the supply from the reservoir.

Affected LifelineThe bridge over the creek leading to the Mayor's residence was washed away.

EvacueesOne family had to leave their home on the night of the 7th, when the flood threatened to carry it away.

FloodingFlooding at Wainono Lagoon
Map Location: -44.699943 171.149529
Comments:

DamageA storm culvert on Lake Wainono, at the outlet of the Waihao and other streams through the beach, was carried away.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Waitaki River
Map Location: -44.805453 170.579453
Comments:

Physical Characteristic18-25 in (46-64 cm) of snow fell in the Upper Waitaki.

Otago

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Otago
Comments:

CommentThere was an almost continuous downpour for a fortnight.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOtago was visited by phenomenal flood. Large tracts of the province were under water on the 9th.

Stock DamageOn the level a good deal of stock was lost.

DamageSerious damage was done to the permanent way between Oamaru and Glenavy. The largest break was 1/2 chain (10 m) long and 12 ft (3.7 m) deep, about 1/2 mile (805 m) south of the Waitaki River.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe entire railway and telegraph system of Central Otago was disorganised by violent rain and snow storms.

Affected LifelineTrain services were interrupted by slips and washouts. Services were interfered with on all lines to some extent, with theDunedin-Oamaru service the only one that could be maintained.

ImpactThe disorganisation of railway traffic affected the forwarding and delivery of mails to a considerable extent.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere were various slips along the Otago Central railway line. From the mouth of the Taieri Gorge to Kokonga the soil had received a thorough soaking and lost all stability. Every cutting sent down a slip on to the railway line and every embankment showed signs of sagging.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Affected LifelineOwing to the snow having brought down many telegraph poles, many stations could not be communicated with. Telegraph lines between Naseby and Waihemo and Naseby and Hyde were broken on the 8th as result of the snow.

Affected LifelineThe storm played havoc with the railway wires.

Affected LifelineOn the 10th, there were a few inches of snow on the line between Hyde and Waipiata, but it got deeper to about 2 ft (61 cm) near Ranfurly.

ImpactMany of the outlying farms were suffering from shortage of stock feed provisions.

Physical CharacteristicTo the southwards of Ranfurly, in the Lindburn direction there was little or no snow, but out towards Kyeburn there was 6 ft (1.8 m) of snow.

Affected LifelineThe manager for Craig and Co.'s coach said the roads between Clyde and Cromwell were the worst he had seen for the past 30 years.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Alexandra
Map Location: -45.254096 169.375695
Comments:

CommentSnow commenced to fall at Alexandra at midnight on the 6th and fell until noon on the 7th. All snow was gone from the flats on the 10th.

CommentThere was a heavy coating of snow on the lowlands and snow had been very heavy in the high lands.

Affected LifelineSevere frosts for a few days before the snow cut off the town water.

ImpactNo mails or papers had come through to Alexandra since the 8th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentAt noon on the 7th, rain, sleet and wind set in and a hurricane prevailed that night. It was raining throughout the 8th and all the snow on the low country disappeared

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe roads were axle-deep in mud and in a terrible condition.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentA southwest wind was raging at 3:45pm on the 8th.

FloodingFlooding at Allanton
Map Location: -45.918208 170.25344
Comments:

CommentLate on the afternoon of the 8th a farmer witnessed a huge body of water break through near the railway viaduct with a rush and roar and sweep down on paddocks in a mass 5 or 6 chains (101-121 m) wide and a couple of feet high.

Affected LifelineThe line near Allanton was submerged under a turbid mass of water for 3 miles (4.8 km). A passenger train for Dunedin was detained at Milton with many passengers stranded.

ImpactThe water overflowed the railway platform, then flooded the floors of the station offices. At 9:15pm the stationmaster was standing in 8 in (20.3 cm) of water.

Physical CharacteristicThe railway platform was submerged some 2 ft (61 cm) deep.

Affected LifelineThe new bridge across the Taieri was about 6 in (15.2 cm) above the level of the water and almost impassable.

ImpactO'Donnell's Crescent Hotel stood in water up to the handle of the front door, despite being on high ground. Many houses had water level with the verandah.

Physical CharacteristicWater was rising to the houses at the rate of 1 in (2.5 cm) per minute.

Stock DamageOne Taieri farmer estimated he had lost 500 hoggets on the flat land.

Peak Water LevelAbove Allanton the railway line was submerged to an estimated depth of 4 or 5 ft (1.2-1.5 m) in places.

Affected LifelineAt Allanton the road was reported to be still submerged on the 10th.

Crop DamageAround Allanton, all the soil recently turned over was swept away along with the vegetables.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Arrowtown
Map Location: -44.943261 168.817694
Comments:

CommentSnow was falling at Arrowtown all day on the 7th and heavy snow fell that night.

Physical CharacteristicThe snow was about 18 in (45.7 cm) deep on the low-lying country on the 8th.

CommentThe whole country was covered in snow and the depth on the mountains could not be estimated.

FloodingFlooding at Berwick
Map Location: -45.944896 170.106376
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Berwick the Waipori River rose 6 ft (1.8 m) between 10pm on the 7th and 6pm on the 8th, and it was still rising.

FloodingFlooding at Blue Mountains
Map Location: -45.386606 170.695395
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe river crossings were badly damaged in Blue Mountain riding, both being silted up and one also cut off by washouts at both sides.

FloodingFlooding at Bushey
Map Location: -45.467692 170.775238
Comments:

ImpactA family was rescued after being isolated in their house near Bushey, between Shag River and Muddy Creek. At daybreak there was1 ft (32 cm) of water in the house and it was still rising.

Affected LifelineThe handrails of the bridge at Bushey were washed away and the approaches were damaged. There was a washout near the White bridge on the Main North Road and the road had to be closed while it was repaired.

FloodingFlooding at Clarendon
Map Location: -46.052757 170.035388
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Clarendon, a great rush of water swept away a culvert, making a huge breach in the road and leaving it impassable.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Cromwell
Map Location: -45.040506 169.202771
Comments:

CommentLight snow set in at Cromwell early on the morning of the 7th and the whole country was white that day.

Physical CharacteristicOnly about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) of snow fell on the low country, but there was heavy snow on the high country.

ImpactCromwell had no mail from Dunedin from the night of the 7th until the 10th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentA cold rain set in on the evening of the 7th.

Affected LifelineThe whole place was boggy and the roads were in a terrible state. Several washouts occurred on different parts of the roads.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Deep Stream
Map Location: -45.70516 170.076821
Comments:

CommentAt Deep Stream snow fell heavily and continuously all night on the 7th and on the 8th on the Lammerlaw and Rock and Pillar Ranges.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain fell in the lower country.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in Deep Stream were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.

FloodingFlooding at Dunback
Map Location: -45.381213 170.627272
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Bluff road was badly damaged and unsafe for travelling after dark. A crossing at Dunback was slightly damaged.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunedin
Map Location: -45.87911 170.502707
Comments:

CommentA steady downpour set in late morning on the 7th, and continued with little intermission throughout the day and night. The weather started clearing up on the morning of the 9th.

ImpactThe paddocks in the suburbs of the Flat were partially submerged. The Caledonian and Carisbrook Grounds were small lakes.

DamageA waterfall was thundering into the duplication works at Caversham. The works at the other end of the projected tunnel were also flooded out.

FloodingFlooding at East Taieri
Map Location: -45.898751 170.338476
Comments:

CommentContinuous rain at East Taieri caused one of the largest floods known in the district for many years.

Stock DamageOne farmer suffered a serious loss in valuable cattle and horses and two East Taieri farmers lost all their pigs. Five of Mr Shand's horses were drowned and a few others were missing. He also lost 45 cattle. Mr Kirkland lost 40 sheep, 40 sows, 2 boars, 80 young pigs and a good many young cattle.

Affected LifelineSeveral Waipori electric poles between Outram and Mosgiel were washed out.

Affected LifelineRoads in East Taieri were dmaged through the flooding of both the Silverstream and the Taieri River. Between Otokia and Henley, the Main South road was submerged. Down the Centre road at East Taieri, the water was nearly level with the top of the fences on the 11th, and traffic was impossible.

Affected LifelineSix homesteads in the East Taieri locality were isolated.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Elderslie
Map Location: -45.024652 170.832594
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicElderslie received 7 in (17.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Enfield
Map Location: -45.041243 170.866267
Comments:

ImpactThe Waiareka Stream was in heavy flood at Enfield and spread over the whole valley, entering several houses. A great part of the Enfield township was under water.

Affected LifelineA washout 70 yards (64 m) long occurred on the railway line 1/4 mile from Enfield.

Affected LifelineCommunication by horse was impossible owing to the volume of water flowing over the road.

Physical CharacteristicThere was over 2 ft (61 cm) of water in the rooms at the accommodation house.

CommentThe flood at Enfield was said to be the worst on record.

EvacueesMany families had to be temporarily accommadated by neighbours.

Physical CharacteristicThe creek rose 8 ft (24 m) in 3-4 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Georgetown
Map Location: -44.911961 170.847792
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Georgetown, the Waikarua Stream cut a chasm one chain (20 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, and water was still pouring through it on the 10th.

FloodingFlooding at Goodwood
Map Location: -45.537211 170.710627
Comments:

Affected LifelineNear Goodwood the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Green Valley
Map Location: -45.276897 170.522457
Comments:

Affected LifelineA lot of damage was done by the floods to the lower end of the road through Green Valley. Every crossing was badly damaged and there were a few serious washouts. In the worst washout two chains of the Main road were washed away to a depth of 6 or 7 ft (1.8 or 2.1 m). There was little damage to the bridge. Near the Green Valley schoolhouse both the culvert and bank were washed away and near Hogan's camp another culvert was badly smashed.

FloodingFlooding at Henley
Map Location: -45.981645 170.165556
Comments:

CommentThe Taieri River overflowed at Henley.

ImpactOn the afternoon of the 9th water was reported to be pouring in at the windows of the White House Hotel.

DamageSome outhouses and buildings were washed away. Pretty much everyone in the Henley locality suffered to some extent.

Stock DamagePoultry and cats were drowned. Many cattle were drowned around Henley, with the Henley Company being the biggest loser. On the 11th, most of the cattle near Henley were still in water up to their necks. One farmer lost a horse valued at £45 ($6,500 2008 dollars). Another farmer lost 12 milch cows which ate tutu, and two other farmers found 12 of their cattle dead.

Affected LifelineA large portion of the railway line was washed away near Henley.

Physical CharacteristicAt Henley the deposit of silt was 4-6 in (10-15 cm) in places.

InjuriesA 92-year-old woman was rescued at Henley, nearly blind and apparently helpless, from a rapidly disappearing house. She was almost dead.

Affected LifelineThe road between Henley on the Main road and the railway station was still submerged on the 16th. At the Henley Bridge the road was being torn away.

Physical CharacteristicAround Henley West the water was still 2-3.5 ft (61 cm-1.1 m) deep on the 20th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

DamageAt Henley there were about 10 different breaks in the river embankment, believed to be caused by both the floodwaters and the high winds blowing when the water was at its height.

FloodingFlooding at Hilderthorpe
Map Location: -44.994221 171.048724
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was an extensive washout on the railway line at Hilderthorpe.

FloodingFlooding at Hindon
Map Location: -45.729685 170.305358
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Hindon, a number of telegraph poles were loosened and falling.

ImpactThe river found its way into at least one house on the banks.

Physical CharacteristicA very old resident said the river had risen 12 ft (3.7 m) within 24 hours, making it the biggest flood in 20 years.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Hyde
Map Location: -45.296085 170.250599
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelegraphic communication beyond Hyde was interrupted after 12 poles were blown down above the station. There was almost a total absence of telegraphic communication.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentAt Hyde it was snowing furiously on the 8th.

ImpactThe heavy snow was melting on the 9th, but all the low-lying country was practically submerged.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain came on and descended in torrents all night.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Hyde railway yard was under 12 in (31 cm) of floodwater.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn the morning of the 9th the railway line was blocked in all directions. Between Hyde and Cap Burn it was blocked by some 2 ft (61 cm) of snow and there were a number of serious slips and washouts.

Affected LifelineThere was no communication at all with Ranfurly.

FloodingFlooding at Kokonga
Map Location: -45.210004 170.246345
Comments:

Affected LifelineAbout a mile from Kokonga there was a very serious washout on the railway line. The rails spanned a hole 15 ft (4.6 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, caused by a mountain torrent.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

ImpactAt Kokonga, there was something approaching a famine, as store carts could not get out.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Kyeburn
Map Location: -45.146802 170.248348
Comments:

CommentThe heaviest snow fall was thought to be in the Kyeburn direction.

Stock DamageSheep farmers suffered heavy losses.

InjuriesA man who left Naseby for Kyeburn station on the 7th was caught in a snowstorm and was stuck in a small cave until the morning of the 10th without food or fire. His feet were severely frostbitten and he had to crawl for over 3 miles (4.8 km) to an outlying house. He was admitted to hospital on the 11th and had to lose one toe.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree footbridges over the Kyeburn River were carried away.

FloodingFlooding at Lee Creek
Map Location: -45.91224 170.17119
Comments:

DamageIt was feared that Mr Robertson of Lee Creek was the heaviest stock and crop loser in the Taieri district. He had at least 30 cattle drowned and acres and acres of young crop, valued at £8 ($1,200 2008 dollars) a ton, ruined.

FloodingFlooding at Macraes Flat
Map Location: -45.380855 170.416527
Comments:

DamageTwo culverts in McRaes riding were damaged.

FloodingFlooding at Maungatua
Map Location: -45.898341 170.15446
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in Maungatua were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.

FloodingFlooding at Meadowbank
Map Location: -45.46097 170.677776
Comments:

Affected LifelineIn Meadowbank riding the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away. The Switchback Rd crossing was damaged and impassable and Munro's crossing was slightly damaged. Dreaver's and Alexandria crossings were also slightly damaged.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Middlemarch
Map Location: -45.508281 170.125395
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMiddlemarch received 4.85 in (12.3 cm) of rain in one week.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOwing to rain and snow the river and creeks were in high flood.

ImpactMiddlemarch was flooded, with most of the township under water.

Affected LifelineThe Sheepwash bridge was partially wrecked and was closed to traffic. The roads were reported to be damaged in all directions.

Physical CharacteristicA torrent 3 ft (91 cm) deep was running through the main street.

DamageThe water entered Horn's store and did considerable damage. The worst flooding was in the basements of houses.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentThe parts of the township that weren't under water were under snow, which lay thickly over the Strath-Taieri Plain.

Physical CharacteristicBetween Middlemarch and Hyde the snow was 6 in (15 cm) deep on the railway track.

FloodingFlooding at Milton
Map Location: -46.123263 169.966084
Comments:

Impact60 commercial train travellers were blocked in Milton from the night of the 8th until the 10th.

FloodingFlooding at Momona
Map Location: -45.917509 170.223166
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Momona district appeared to be completely cut off.

FloodingFlooding at Mosgiel
Map Location: -45.882205 170.333108
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Mosgiel borough water supply was cut off through a break in the line at one of the Silverstream crossings.

LandslideLandslide at Mount Allan
Map Location: -45.752674 170.347051
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a landslip on the railway line at Mount Allan, caused by a torrent of surface water pouring down over the cutting.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Naseby
Map Location: -45.024406 170.137888
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSnow fell to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) at Naseby in 24 hours and was still falling. On the 9th the ground was still covered to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m), in many cases covering fences.

CommentSnow continued to fall intermittently on the 9th, and ceased that afternoon.

DamageBuildings in Naseby suffered severely from the fall of snow. The following buildings were damaged: J. Ball (blacksmith), Mount Ida Chronicle, Hore's stables, residence of the magistrate, office of Messrs Kirk and Davey and Victoria Hotel. A Chinaman's house was crushed flat and it was stated that no buildings in the main street escaped damage to some extent, and hardly any verandahs remained intact. Buildings in most cases were out of plumb, preventing doors moving, and many roofs were damaged and leaking.

ImpactThe school was closed and ordinary business, except in the shops, was practically suspended.

Affected LifelineTrain and coach services were suspended. The only track usable was a ditch 18 in (45.7 cm) wide made by horses. Naseby was cut off, except for a wire to Clyde.

CommentThe oldest residents could not remember a heavier fall of snow.

Physical CharacteristicThe snow about Naseby was 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 10th, covering fences and gates. The snow was still about 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 11th and was about level with the main street fences. Snow was the deepest on the hills 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.

ImpactA coach driver left on Naseby for Ranfurly on horseback on the 10th with the first mail for three days.

Affected LifelineThe telephone wire was down about 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.

ImpactFarmers all around the road were snowed in. The majority of buildings had snow piled high on the roofs and round the sides.

DamageIn Naseby, gardens suffered severely and trees were broken and uprooted in all directions. The Government forest plantation suffered severely. Half the trees were crushed beneath the weight of snow. Trees were further damaged due to rabbits being able to hop over the fences on top of the snow.

Damage CostThe most serious loss was sustained by the Mount Ida Chronicle office, which caved in - a loss estimated at £100 ($14,500 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe blacksmith's building was crushed - a loss estimated at £30 ($4,300 2008 dollars).

Physical CharacteristicThere had been intense cold since the night of the 10th. At midday the temperature in the shade was -8 degC.

CommentIt was the worst storm ever experienced there.

ImpactFarmers and miners in outlying districts were suffering severely.

Physical CharacteristicIn Naseby the thermometer registered -17degC.

DamageOn the night of the 11th the cold was so intense that all liquids left standing in jugs and bottles froze, breaking their vessels in pieces.

DamageDuring the 12th, water pipes were bursting in all directions, resulting in the cellar of Victoria Hotel being flooded.

ImpactThe stock of coal in the town was inadequate to cope with demands due to the snowfalls.

Crop DamageOne orchard was practically destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicSome of the heaps of snow in the streets were 10 ft (3.0 m) high.

FloodingFlooding at Ngapara
Map Location: -44.950049 170.754505
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Ngapara railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.

FloodingFlooding at North Taieri
Map Location: -45.836854 170.337754
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in North Taieri were damged through the flooding of the Silverstream.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Oamaru
Map Location: -45.087138 170.980874
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOamaru received nearly 5 in (12.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicOamaru received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in 5 hours.

CommentThe fall of rain in the district was the heaviest experienced for years, and probably the heaviest ever recorded.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOamaru Creek rose until it was almost as high as in March 1902. It began to fall in the early hours of the 8th, as the rain eased off.

DamageOamaru Creek overflowed its banks and came through the Gardens, doing extensive damage to flower beds.

ImpactMany yards in the flat portion of town were under water and a few basements were flooded.

ImpactIn the country, water was in sheets in many places.

Affected LifelineAll the train services inland and north were stopped. Railway traffic was resumed on the main line on the 10th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentA heavy sea was running at Oamaru.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Omakau
Map Location: -45.095679 169.604237
Comments:

CommentOut towards Omakau things bad and the snow was much deeper.

FloodingFlooding at Otokia
Map Location: -45.949801 170.189367
Comments:

CommentAt Otokia the river was very high, the water in the river having risen higher than on any previous occasion.

CommentThe flood in the neighbourhood of Otokia was very severe.

Affected LifelineLong stretches of the main road were submerged.

Physical CharacteristicOn the morning of the 9th, the road was submerged to a depth of 9 ft (2.7 m) in parts.

Physical CharacteristicThere was 2 ft (61 cm) of water in Mr O'Leary's store.

Affected LifelineThere was a serious breach in the ebmankment at Otokia bridge, and both bridge approaches were entirely swept away and rendered impassable. The road approach to the bridge was washed away for two chains (40 m).

ImpactA gang of carpenters and railway men at Otokia had their huts covered by water and spent the day and night of the 9th stuck in the rafters of a goods shed.

Stock DamageMany cattle were drowned at Otokia, where the farms were only approachable by boat.

DamageHouses were submerged, haystacks ruined and property destroyed. A property immediately below the bridge was very much damaged. The fences were swept clean, the paddocks badly scoured and there was a great deal of debris around.

DamageThe embankment on the Maungatua side of Otokia bridge was swept clean away for two chains (40 m), leaving a drop of 8 ft (2.4 m) at the end.

Affected LifelineAbout a mile below Otokia the railway was badly damaged and the rails were left hanging.

Physical CharacteristicAt the pumping station on the "C" Drain, a tremendous hole was washed by the river and the land turned into a lake over half an acre wide. Soundings showed the water was 20 ft (6.1 m) deep.

DamageThe pumping station was a wreck and the water-wheel and machinery were completely destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicMr Malcom's carpenter's shop, probably about the highest building in the township, had water to a depth of 13 in (33 cm) inside.

Physical CharacteristicThe huts of the men working at Otokia were flooded to the height of the rafters.

FloodingFlooding at Outram
Map Location: -45.859829 170.220115
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe train from Outram to Mosgiel was delayed indefinitely by the bridge at the Silverstream having shifted and been blocked by with fallen trees. There were eight washouts along the Outram railway line, most of the gaps being a chain or 2 wide (20-40 m), with the rails and sleepers hanging across the gaps.

Affected LifelineAt Outram, the Taieri was bank-high at 8:30pm on the 8th and the approaches to the bridge were under water.

CommentThe embankment protecting the West Taieri Plain gave way for about 3 chains (60 m) at a point near Mr Blair's farm, about 1/2 mile from Outram.

CommentIn Outram, the waters didn't come above the doorsteps.

Affected LifelineRoads in Outram were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.

FloodingFlooding at Owhiro
Map Location: -45.89864 170.303351
Comments:

DamageThe Riverside flag station was completely destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicThere was at least 4 ft (1.2 m) of water over the railway bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Palmerston
Map Location: -45.483857 170.721017
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn the 8th and 9th communication between Palmerston and various parts of the district was cut off.

Affected LifelineAt the bridge near the Palmerston Dairy Factory the approach was washed away.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Patearoa
Map Location: -45.27289 170.054672
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPatearoa received 2.55 in (6.5 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 5:30pm on the 8th.

Physical CharacteristicPatearoa received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in the 30 hours from 5:30pm on the 7th till midnight on the 8th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Raes Junction
Map Location: -45.784619 169.457657
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain fell steadily at Raes Junction from the afternoon of the 7th.

CommentThe creeks were already very high and in places were overflowing.

Affected LifelineThe roads at several points were under water.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Ranfurly
Map Location: -45.131163 170.112657
Comments:

Affected LifelineRanfurly was cut off from the outside world from the 7th.

ImpactThe miners were expected to sustain heavy losses.

CommentOld residents said this was the worst flood ever experienced.

ImpactA party had to dig out old age pensioners and isolated miners from their snowed under dwellings on the 10th.

Affected LifelineNo trains had got through to Ranfurly from Rough Ridge.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at St Bathans
Map Location: -44.871211 169.812248
Comments:

CommentThere was a heavy fall of snow at St Bathans.

Physical CharacteristicAt 4:20pm on the 8th, snow was 20 in (51 cm) deep and still falling.

Physical CharacteristicSnow was still falling at St Bathans on the 9th, with the depth approaching 3 ft (91 cm). The snow was of a very solid, heavy nature.

ImpactEverywhere sheep were under snow.

ImpactThe mines were shut down and all the water races were blocked.

DamageThe kitchen roof of the Vulcan Hotel collapsed on the morning of the 10th after a heavy chimney fell.

Affected LifelineThe mail outwards and inwards was completely stopped. It was impossible to run any wheeled traffic.

LandslideLandslide at Sawyers Bay
Map Location: -45.82087 170.603663
Comments:

Affected LifelineA slip at Sawyers Bay delayed suburban trains.

LandslideLandslide at Shag Point
Map Location: -45.460411 170.814648
Comments:

Affected LifelineA goods train from Oamaru was delayed on the night of the 8th by a slip in the cutting near Shag Point.

FloodingFlooding at Strath Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.488248 170.11614
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in Strath Taieri were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.88401 170.253762
Comments:

CommentResidents stated that the rainfall on the 8th was the heaviest experienced for many years and it was said to be the heaviest on record.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOld residents said the Silverstream had not been so high for the last quarter of a century.

Affected LifelineThe supports of the footbridge on the Wingatui-North Taieri road were washed away early on the morning of the 8th and the bridge was left hanging.

CommentThe Owhiro Creek overflowed its banks.

Affected LifelineNear the railway station the creek submerged a road to a depth of 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m).

ImpactWilkie's flourmill, near the railway station, stood entirely surrounded by a considerable depth of water.

ImpactParts of properties were submerged.

CommentThe Taieri River was said to be higher than it had been since the great floods of 1878.

CommentThe phenomenal height of the Taieri was caused by the backing up of its tributaries in the lowlands, resulting in the water steadily spreading over the surface of the land.

ImpactThe Taieri Plain had long stretches of water between groups of small islands. Practically the whole plain from about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Mosgiel, was under water. Ditches were bank-high and paddocks were a series of swamps.

Affected LifelineThe Owhiro-Gladfield road was impassable on both sides.

ImpactBeyond Owhiro, water was everywhere right down to the other end of Lake Waihola.

CommentWest Taieri was flooded badly. The roof of the Gladfield Railway Station appeared above the water like the shell of a gigantic turtle.

Affected LifelineThe Black bridge and the footbridge across the Silverstream were completely demolished.

CommentAbout 10pm, the west bank of Taieri River burst near Mr Blair's property and the whole of West Taieri became speedily flooded.

ImpactMany people were marooned on the roofs of houses and sheds for days and nights, and people had to be rescued. A rescue boat was rowed with ease over fences. One house had water to halfway up the windows and the family was stuck in the hay loft for 24 hours. Another family spent the night in the rafters of their house.

CommentImmense quantities of snow were clogging the mountains.

CommentBetween Mosgiel and Milton, the rise of the river was phenomenally rapid and the whole damage was caused in less than 12 hours.

CommentThe Taieri Plain was still waterlogged and partially submerged on the 10th.

Affected LifelineThere were a number of washouts at approaches to bridges. There was a gaping hole 12 ft (3.7 m) deep in the approach to the West Taieri bridge. The bridge was passable again on the 22nd.

CommentThere was debris hanging from trees along the river banks.

Stock DamageStock losses on the Taieri Plain were moderate. Poultry and pigs were drowned. One farmer had 130 pigs and 20 calves drowned. Losses from Otokia downwards were fairly light, with some cattle lost and one or two horses. The water was bitterly cold, which contributed to the stock losses. Mr Murray lost 30-40 sheep and Mr Gamble lost 15 pigs and a number of fowls.

Crop DamageA number of crops were lost. One farmer lost 70 acres (0.28 km^2) of early wheat.

Affected LifelineBetween Waihola and Allanton there were about eight washouts on the railway line.

Damage CostOne farmer estimated his losses at £300 ($43,500 2008 dollars).

DamageThe greatest damage done lay in the area between Henley, Otokia, Allanton, Riverside and Outram, and from there stretching to Berwick. The worst damage around Milton and Waihola was a washed-out culvert.

DamageThe Taieri River embankment was damaged in nine places altogether, near Outram, Allanton, Momona, Otokia and Henley.

ImpactOn the 14th the whole country below Momona towards Otokia was still flooded and houses were still surrounded. On the 16th, the Taieri Plain between Allanton and Otokia still presented a scene of desolation. Houses more than half submerged marked a roadway.

Affected LifelineSome roads on the Taieri had their surface wrenched away, baring patches of stone outcrop, and yards of road metal was washed away. Considerable damage was done to county roads in West Taieri, where the floodwaters scoured out all the bridges and culverts in their track.

DamageLarge quantities of stored potatoes and fruit were ruined.

Damage CostThe cost of repairing the roads and bridges in the Taieri was estimated at £5000 ($724,300 2008 dollars).

Damage CostFrom a line below Mosgiel drawn across the plain at right angles to the railway to a similar line drawn from Otokia, £1200 or £1300 ($173,800-$188,300 2008 dollars) was estimated to cover the stock losses.

Property DamageIn the same area as above, damage to furniture, houses and outbuildings was estimated at £600-£700 ($86,900-$101,400 2008 dollars), and damage to land, including fences, etc. was estimated at £350 ($50,700 2008 dollars) - a total of £950-£1050 ($137,600-$152,100 2008 dollars).

DamageWithin 36 hours of the rain commencing the protective banks were burst at places from Outram to Henley, and the plain was flooded at daylight on the 8th.

DamageWhole hedge lines of trees were tilted grossly out of position by the action of floodwaters on their roots.

Affected LifelineThe new electric line to Waipori suffered severely. In one place spars were leaning far over the road.

Physical CharacteristicThe flood on the Taieri rose 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) higher than any previous flood.

CommentThis flood was not only a record for height but also for the damage caused to both public and private property.

Damage CostThe cost of the bridges and culverts destroyed on roads giving access to Crown lands was estimated at £1150 ($166,600 2008 dollars).

CommentThe silting up of the rivers and lakes caused by the deposits from the mining areas contributed to the severity of the flood.

ImpactPractically all farm work was suspended.

Physical CharacteristicIn the paddock where the first break in the embankment occurred the silt deposit was 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) deep.

Physical CharacteristicIn other places silt was spread to an average depth of about 3 in (7.6 cm).

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentThe weather was bitterly cold, with icy winds.

ImpactMr Gamble's family spent 12 hours trapped on the roof of their house in the rain, while the floodwaters rose and waves dashed against the window panes.

InjuriesSome people suffered from cold and exposure from long hours in a wet saddle. In Berwick and Henley at least every second person was coughing. A Maungatua man developed chest trouble due to having been practically wet for almost three weeks.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThere were indications that this was the highest flood yet kown on the Taieri. The water was said to be 2.5 ft (76 cm) deeper than in the flood of 1878.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waihemo
Map Location: -45.325427 170.561887
Comments:

CommentIntermittent rains fell in the Waihemo district for a fortnight, culminating on the 7th in a terrific downpour. Heavy rain commenced at about 10am and continued throughout the day and night.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOn the morning of the 8th the Shag River and smaller streams were in a state of high flood.

Physical CharacteristicAt 6am the Shag River was within 2 ft (61 cm) of the mark reached by the disastrous flood of 1892. The water commenced to recede at about noon.

Stock DamageFarmers in the lower Shag Valley were the principal sufferers. A Bushey farmer lost 160 ewes. Another farmer lost a valuable draught filly and about 30 sheep, another lost two cattle and another also lost some sheep.

Crop DamageTurnip crops suffered severely.

Affected LifelineThe roads in several parts of the county were submerged.

Damage CostThe total damage done to Waihemo County property was estimated at £500 ($72,400 2008 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waikouaiti
Map Location: -45.59513 170.657413
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain in Waikouaiti on the night of the 7th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe racecourse and recreation grounds were completely flooded. The greater portion of Cherry Farm was under water.

CommentThe Waikouaiti River was in high flood and was rising again on the night of the 8th.

Affected LifelineThe main road was covered for several chains at each end of the Waikouaiti bridge.

Physical CharacteristicAt one place on the main road the water was up to 3 ft (91 cm) deep.

Stock DamageA number of sheep drowned on the Island Farm.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentA southeasterly gale was driving the sea into the river mouth, preventing the floodwater from getting away freely.

FloodingFlooding at Waipiata
Map Location: -45.181718 170.164281
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Taieri River was in very high flood at Waipiata at 8pm and later the streets were under water.

CommentThe river was high and stilll rising on the 9th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Wanaka
Map Location: -44.70636 169.1239
Comments:

CommentOn the 8th there was a heavy fall of snow on the low country around Wanaka. The snow was gradually disappearing on the 9th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Wedderburn
Map Location: -45.034156 170.014549
Comments:

Affected LifelineSnow was reported for 6 miles (9.7 km) on the railway line in the vicinity of Wedderburn.

Physical CharacteristicThe snow on the line was 4 ft (1.2 m) deep.

Affected LifelineOn the morning of the 8th, two trains got stuck in 4 ft (1.2 m) of snow 4 miles (6.4 km) on the Ranfurly side of Rough Ridge (near Wedderburn), one with 12 passengers on board. The passengers were finally rescued at about 2am on the 9th. One train got out on the afternoon of the 9th but the other one derailed.

FloodingFlooding at Wingatui
Map Location: -45.8794 170.389617
Comments:

ImpactThe greater part of the Wingatui racecourse was practically under water.

References

Headline: Farm and dairy.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Bay of Plenty Times, 24 July 1908.
Cowie, C.A; Attwood, A.K. (1957). Floods in New Zealand 1920-53. The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand 239p.
Headline: Nature's flood gates burst open in Dunedin.
www.odt.co.nz, Source: Otago Daily Times, 9 July 2008, from ODT 9 July 1908.
Headline: Alexandra isolated.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Bad weather at Auckland.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Extensive area affected.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Flood at Waikouaiti.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Flood waters subsiding.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Floods in Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Floods in South Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Floods in the north.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: From Mosgiel to Milton: Widespread devastation.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Heavy rain in North Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: In Central Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Kaikoura isolated: Coach accidents.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The Kurow and Ngapara banch lines.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Latest about the Taieri Plain.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The mails.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The Naseby district.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Otago Central line.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The position at Cromwell.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Position at Timaru.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Position in Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The position in North Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The position in North Otago: Repairing the railway.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Rain and snow: Floods in Otago and Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Rain in Wellington.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Repairs in South Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Reports from Central Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Storms in Auckland.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Taieri Plain under water.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Telegraph lines broken.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Through the flooded plains.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The Waihemo district.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Waimate isolated.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Water subsiding on the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Weather at Ashburton.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Weather fine at Naseby.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Conditions at the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: The Cromwell district.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: Damage at the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: Damage in Waihemo County.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: Position in Central Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: South Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: The weather: More snow in Central Otago, communication still interrupted, conditions at the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: The floods on the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 29 July 1908.
Headline: Naseby under snow: A graphic account.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 29 July 1908.
Headline: Thaw in Central Otago, Government grants, Taieri settlers uneasy.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 29 July 1908.

July 1908 New Zealand Storm ( 1908-07-04 )

There were gales in Auckland, snow in inland Canterbury and Otago, and there was heavy rain and flooding in Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Canterbury and Otago. The Taieri Plain was extensively flooded and there was a huge snowfall in Naseby.

New Zealand

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at New Zealand
Duration:   9  days - From the 4th till the 12th of July.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding at South Island
Comments:

Affected LifelineIn several places between Oamaru and Timaru and north of Oamaru, the railway was under water. A bad washout occurred on Waitaki River embankment and others between Richmond and Hilderthorpe. Railway traffic was completely restored between Dunedin and Invercargill by the 13th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree wires between Christchurch and the West Coast were interrupted.

Auckland

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Auckland City
Map Location: -36.852397 174.762337
Comments:

CommentAn easterly gale prevailed during 4th and 5th, moderating late on the night of the 5th as the wind went round to the north. Shortly before 3am on the 7th, the wind shifted to the north-west, blowing with terrific force at times. Throughout the 7th, the weather continued very windy, blowing from between north-west and north north-west. Towards evening wind fell somewhat. On the 8th, the wind was blowing strongly from the north-west and continued during the night.

DamageSeveral accidents to shipping occurred during the gale. The scow Totara, anchored off Freeman's Bay, took the ground on the night of the 5th and capsized and two fishing boats were sunk by the wharf after being blown from their moorings. On the afternoon of the 7th, the ferry boat Condor was blown by the force of the wind onto a sandbank.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentThe gale on the 7th was accompanied by heavy rain. Rain squalls were still frequent that evening and on the 8th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentAll vessels that arrived in Auckland on the 8th reported severe weather and the south-east and south-west gales were felt far out at sea.

DamageThe scow Southern Isle met very stormy weather from Ngunguru to Auckland. The mainsail was split and two of the outer jibs were carried away.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Palmerston North
Map Location: -40.355525 175.616438
Comments:

CommentThe rain ceased for the whole morning but commenced again in the afternoon of the 7th. Heavy rain was falling again on the 8th and had not entirely ceased in the ranges.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe Manawatu River was in heavy flood on the 6th. The river subsided greatly during the night of the 7th

Physical CharacteristicThe water at Fitzherbert bridge was within 3 ft (91 cm) of the highest floodwater mark.

ImpactThe sports ground was half under water on the 6th.

Stock DamageDrowned cattle were seen in the river on the 7th.

DamageOn the 7th, about 14 ft (4.3 m) of the massive groyne recently erected was carried bodily away. All groynes erected were submerged.

Peak River FlowThe peak discharge of the Manawatu River on the 7th was 50,000 cusecs (1416 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Shannon
Map Location: -40.551271 175.420312
Comments:

DamageThe flood deposited a lot of silt at Shannon.

ImpactSome farmers resorted to feeding their stock tree leaves.

Wellington

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Masterton
Map Location: -40.964296 175.667649
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMasterton received 2.32 in (5.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours to the 7th.

CommentIt was still raining heavily on the 7th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe rivers and creeks were in flood and the low-lying lands were submerged.

Crop DamageSome areas under crop on the banks of the Ruamahanga River were washed away.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Wellington City
Map Location: -41.28855 174.776764
Comments:

CommentThe weather in Wellington had been very wet for the past few weeks. On the 9th it was worse, the rain falling continuously, accompanied by a fresh wind.

Canterbury

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Canterbury
Comments:

Affected LifelineAll East Coast telegraph wires were down between Waiau and Kaikoura on the 7th due to a heavy fall of snow.

CommentRight up to the Bealey the fall of snow was exceptionally heavy.

CommentOn the South Canterbury mountains snow fell instead of rain.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe whole country from Orari to Timaru was practically one broad sea of water. Thousands of acres of land and scores of miles of roads were entirely under water.

Physical CharacteristicMany dozens of families were confined to their cottages, which were surrounded with water 1 ft (31 cm) deep.

Physical CharacteristicThe Opihi and Temuka Rivers were raging torrents nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and the water was within 2 or 3 ft (61-91 cm) of the decking of bridges.

CommentThe South Canterbury rivers were all in high flood.

Affected LifelineThe train services on the lowlands were disorganised. The line between St Andrews and Waitaki was flooded by several washouts on the morning of the 8th and no train got through that day. On the main railway line there was through communication to Timaru only on the 9th. The line to Fairlie was reopened on the 9th after the floods between Washdyke and the Levels subsided.

ImpactSome accidents at river crossings were reported.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSouth Canterbury received 6-7 in (15.2-17.8 cm) of rain in the 36 hours to 11am on the 8th.

CommentRain prevailed in South Canterbury from 11pm on the 6th till 11am on the 8th. Rain was heavier near the coast than inland.

Physical CharacteristicAshley county received about 1 in (2.5 cm) of rain on the night of the 8th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ashburton
Map Location: -43.902384 171.736416
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAshburton received 6.8 in (17.2 cm) of rain in the 9 days up to 9am on the 10th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentThere were heavy falls of snow in the back country of Ashburton during the past week up till the 10th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Banks Peninsula
Map Location: -43.73644 173.024672
Comments:

CommentThe heaviest rain experienced on Banks Peninsula for many years commenced at around 11pm on the 6th and was still falling in torrents on the 8th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactCreeks were phenomenally high and houses in their vicinity were flooded, with the water rushing through them.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.530896 172.636457
Comments:

CommentFor 24 hours on the 6th and 7th, Christchurch experienced the heaviest rainfall for some years. Rain had fallen more or less heavily on 12 days out of the past fortnight and ground was waterlogged.

CommentHeavy showers fell in early morning on the 9th, at midday there was a drizzling rain and shortly afterwards it cleared.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe heavy downpour on the 7th was unable to get away, resulting in mini floods in many parts of the city and suburbs. Several houses were invaded by the water. A very large number of houses around Redcliffs had their floors awash.

Physical CharacteristicThe Avon River was 3 ft (91 cm) above normal at 1pm on the 7th and still rising.

Affected LifelineIn the lower-lying parts of the town culverts were blocked at their outlets, causing stormwater to back up and flood the streets.

Affected LifelineThe manufacture of gas at the gasworks was stopped when the pumping station could not cope with the enormous quantity of water. The gasworks started again on the night of the 7th.

Affected LifelineAt Sumner, large quantities of water were coming down the hills, and the main street was flooded in parts.

CommentThe flood subsided rapidly on the evening of the 7th when the rain ceased.

Affected LifelineThee direct wires with the north were still interrupted.

Affected LifelineSome of the suburbs, especially those to the eastward, were thoroughly flooded along the route of the old city and suburban tramway line.

ImpactUp till late on the evening of the 7th, the low ground near the river was almost completely submerged. Hundreds of acres and large areas looked as if they were permanent swamps. A few houses were surrounded by shallow moats of water. In various parts of Linwood the water lay all afternoon.

CommentSmall watercourses became formidable streams. On the Cashmere Hills, every gully carried a roaring torrent of water and the streams formed frequent waterfalls.

CommentThe Avon River was swollen by rain as well as opposed by the tide, and overflowed at many points before subsiding in the afternoon.

ImpactOn the Christchurch side of the hills, the waters nearly all joined and practically converted the flat land into a huge yellow lake.

DamageSurface water did a good deal of damage at Dyer's Pass Road at the foot of the hill.

ImpactFrom Heathcote to Woolston the land above the railway was flooded and presented the appearance of a lake.

ImpactAt Redcliffs, there was a scene of desolation, with the whole place practically under water for acres and acres. At one time people were punting down the main street.

DamageIn Peck's store water was above the level of the floor and considerable damage was done.

Affected LifelineSumner residents suffered heavily. Nayland and Stoke Streets were awash from fence to fence.

ImpactLow-lying land between the baths and the Deaf and Dumb Institute was flooded at an early hour on the morning of the 7th. A copious torrent of water brought large rocks and much silt, putting residents in that area in a perilous position.

DamageBy 1pm water was bubbling through the floor boards of Marina Hotel. Within half an hour the licensee had to remove all stores and fittings from the dining room onto the first floor.

Physical CharacteristicAt its worst, water covered the whole ground floor of Marina Hotel to 3-4 in (7.6-10.2 cm) deep.

Physical CharacteristicThe butcher's shop near the hotel was covered to a depth of about 3 ft (91 cm).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

DamageTwo houses on the hillside near Heathcote were dislodged from their foundations by landslips.

FloodingFlooding at Conway River
Map Location: -42.617966 173.359512
Comments:

Stock DamageThe south coach from Cheviot had an accident on the 8th while attempting to cross the Conway River, and two horses were drowned.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kaikoura
Map Location: -42.402255 173.685685
Comments:

CommentIt rained heavily in Kaikoura from the 4th and, except for a fine day on the 8th, it was almost continuous, and it was still raining heavily on the 9th.

Affected LifelineRivers borth north and south were rising rapidly and were uncrossable.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

ImpactBoats were unable to enter the harbour owing to very heavy sea.

FloodingFlooding at Kapua
Map Location: -44.781309 170.966905
Comments:

ImpactAt Kapua, the side station and some houses were surrounded by several feet of water.

FloodingFlooding at Kurow
Map Location: -44.733863 170.472483
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe approaches to the Kurow railway bridge were considerably damaged. The Kurow railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.

DamageDamage the the line was extensive. The flood waters of the Waikarua and Awamoko Streams and the Otekaieke and Kurow Rivers spread out over the flats and burst through the railway emabankment at many places.

FloodingFlooding at Lincoln
Map Location: -43.640377 172.490183
Comments:

ImpactThe Lincoln township was reported to be flooded.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Lyttelton
Map Location: -43.601111 172.721186
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe continued wet weather in Lyttelton caused delays to shipping. Practically no work was done at any of the steamers in port on the 7th and 8th and several steamers had to delay their departures from the 6th.

CommentNo such rain had been experienced there for 20 years.

FloodingFlooding at Otaio
Map Location: -44.578863 171.163037
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a big washout on the railway line at Otaio.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pareora
Map Location: -44.487186 171.21552
Comments:

CommentThe rainfall at Pareora was believed to be the heaviest experienced there for the past 40 years.

FloodingFlooding at Pleasant Point
Map Location: -44.256165 171.135956
Comments:

CommentThe same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Pleasant Point.

Stock DamageAt Pleasant Point a horse was drowned and the trap was carried into deep water.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Rangiora
Map Location: -43.310142 172.570903
Comments:

ImpactOwing to the heavy rain, the weekly market at Rangiora was put off for the first time in 16 years.

FloodingFlooding at Saltwater Creek
Map Location: -44.410194 171.228486
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a big washout on the railway line at Saltwater Creek.

FloodingFlooding at Temuka
Map Location: -44.235045 171.28436
Comments:

CommentThe same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Temuka.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTimaru received 4.37 in (11.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 8th.

CommentTimaru had not had such rain since the record flood of 1868. The rain ceased on the 9th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageThere was a washout at the Washdyke station yard.

ImpactIn Timaru, flood waters failed to escape by the drains. Several houses were more or less flooded.

ImpactAt Hole and Co.'s brewery the cellars were flooded and the malt kiln fires were put out.

DamageAt Kirk's brickyard a flood invaded the drying shed and kiln. 60,000 bricks which were drying were softened and destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicWater was 2 ft (61 cm) deep on the kiln floor at Kirk's.

Affected LifelineRoad traffic northwardwas was upset by the damage to Washdyke bridge.

Crop DamageDamage was expected to late-sown wheat by the rotting of the seed.

EvacueesSeveral residents in low-lying streets had to leave their homes on the night of the 7th, as water came in over the kitchen floor.

CommentThe floodwaters were clearing on the 9th.

FloodingFlooding at Waihao River
Map Location: -44.794206 171.119741
Comments:

DamageThe worst damage done in the Timaru district was the eating away of the north bank of the Waihao River at the railway bridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waimate
Map Location: -44.7333 171.055364
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaimate received about 5 in (12.3 cm) of rain from the night of the 6th night.

CommentDuring the 6th and 7th, Waimate experienced the heaviest rainfall for many years.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactWaimate Creek was in heavy flood and all the low-lying country was deeply inundated.

Affected LifelineRailway communication was cut off all day on the 8th due to a washout about 1 mile (1.6 km) from town.

ImpactNo mails came from outside places all day.

Affected LifelineThe creek washed away portions of the road-line and the approaches to the bridge and the piping carrying the town water supply, cutting off the supply from the reservoir.

Affected LifelineThe bridge over the creek leading to the Mayor's residence was washed away.

EvacueesOne family had to leave their home on the night of the 7th, when the flood threatened to carry it away.

FloodingFlooding at Wainono Lagoon
Map Location: -44.699943 171.149529
Comments:

DamageA storm culvert on Lake Wainono, at the outlet of the Waihao and other streams through the beach, was carried away.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Waitaki River
Map Location: -44.805453 170.579453
Comments:

Physical Characteristic18-25 in (46-64 cm) of snow fell in the Upper Waitaki.

Otago

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Otago
Comments:

CommentThere was an almost continuous downpour for a fortnight.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOtago was visited by phenomenal flood. Large tracts of the province were under water on the 9th.

Stock DamageOn the level a good deal of stock was lost.

DamageSerious damage was done to the permanent way between Oamaru and Glenavy. The largest break was 1/2 chain (10 m) long and 12 ft (3.7 m) deep, about 1/2 mile (805 m) south of the Waitaki River.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe entire railway and telegraph system of Central Otago was disorganised by violent rain and snow storms.

Affected LifelineTrain services were interrupted by slips and washouts. Services were interfered with on all lines to some extent, with theDunedin-Oamaru service the only one that could be maintained.

ImpactThe disorganisation of railway traffic affected the forwarding and delivery of mails to a considerable extent.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere were various slips along the Otago Central railway line. From the mouth of the Taieri Gorge to Kokonga the soil had received a thorough soaking and lost all stability. Every cutting sent down a slip on to the railway line and every embankment showed signs of sagging.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Affected LifelineOwing to the snow having brought down many telegraph poles, many stations could not be communicated with. Telegraph lines between Naseby and Waihemo and Naseby and Hyde were broken on the 8th as result of the snow.

Affected LifelineThe storm played havoc with the railway wires.

Affected LifelineOn the 10th, there were a few inches of snow on the line between Hyde and Waipiata, but it got deeper to about 2 ft (61 cm) near Ranfurly.

ImpactMany of the outlying farms were suffering from shortage of stock feed provisions.

Physical CharacteristicTo the southwards of Ranfurly, in the Lindburn direction there was little or no snow, but out towards Kyeburn there was 6 ft (1.8 m) of snow.

Affected LifelineThe manager for Craig and Co.'s coach said the roads between Clyde and Cromwell were the worst he had seen for the past 30 years.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Alexandra
Map Location: -45.254096 169.375695
Comments:

CommentSnow commenced to fall at Alexandra at midnight on the 6th and fell until noon on the 7th. All snow was gone from the flats on the 10th.

CommentThere was a heavy coating of snow on the lowlands and snow had been very heavy in the high lands.

Affected LifelineSevere frosts for a few days before the snow cut off the town water.

ImpactNo mails or papers had come through to Alexandra since the 8th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentAt noon on the 7th, rain, sleet and wind set in and a hurricane prevailed that night. It was raining throughout the 8th and all the snow on the low country disappeared

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe roads were axle-deep in mud and in a terrible condition.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

CommentA southwest wind was raging at 3:45pm on the 8th.

FloodingFlooding at Allanton
Map Location: -45.918208 170.25344
Comments:

CommentLate on the afternoon of the 8th a farmer witnessed a huge body of water break through near the railway viaduct with a rush and roar and sweep down on paddocks in a mass 5 or 6 chains (101-121 m) wide and a couple of feet high.

Affected LifelineThe line near Allanton was submerged under a turbid mass of water for 3 miles (4.8 km). A passenger train for Dunedin was detained at Milton with many passengers stranded.

ImpactThe water overflowed the railway platform, then flooded the floors of the station offices. At 9:15pm the stationmaster was standing in 8 in (20.3 cm) of water.

Physical CharacteristicThe railway platform was submerged some 2 ft (61 cm) deep.

Affected LifelineThe new bridge across the Taieri was about 6 in (15.2 cm) above the level of the water and almost impassable.

ImpactO'Donnell's Crescent Hotel stood in water up to the handle of the front door, despite being on high ground. Many houses had water level with the verandah.

Physical CharacteristicWater was rising to the houses at the rate of 1 in (2.5 cm) per minute.

Stock DamageOne Taieri farmer estimated he had lost 500 hoggets on the flat land.

Peak Water LevelAbove Allanton the railway line was submerged to an estimated depth of 4 or 5 ft (1.2-1.5 m) in places.

Affected LifelineAt Allanton the road was reported to be still submerged on the 10th.

Crop DamageAround Allanton, all the soil recently turned over was swept away along with the vegetables.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Arrowtown
Map Location: -44.943261 168.817694
Comments:

CommentSnow was falling at Arrowtown all day on the 7th and heavy snow fell that night.

Physical CharacteristicThe snow was about 18 in (45.7 cm) deep on the low-lying country on the 8th.

CommentThe whole country was covered in snow and the depth on the mountains could not be estimated.

FloodingFlooding at Berwick
Map Location: -45.944896 170.106376
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Berwick the Waipori River rose 6 ft (1.8 m) between 10pm on the 7th and 6pm on the 8th, and it was still rising.

FloodingFlooding at Blue Mountains
Map Location: -45.386606 170.695395
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe river crossings were badly damaged in Blue Mountain riding, both being silted up and one also cut off by washouts at both sides.

FloodingFlooding at Bushey
Map Location: -45.467692 170.775238
Comments:

ImpactA family was rescued after being isolated in their house near Bushey, between Shag River and Muddy Creek. At daybreak there was1 ft (32 cm) of water in the house and it was still rising.

Affected LifelineThe handrails of the bridge at Bushey were washed away and the approaches were damaged. There was a washout near the White bridge on the Main North Road and the road had to be closed while it was repaired.

FloodingFlooding at Clarendon
Map Location: -46.052757 170.035388
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Clarendon, a great rush of water swept away a culvert, making a huge breach in the road and leaving it impassable.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Cromwell
Map Location: -45.040506 169.202771
Comments:

CommentLight snow set in at Cromwell early on the morning of the 7th and the whole country was white that day.

Physical CharacteristicOnly about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) of snow fell on the low country, but there was heavy snow on the high country.

ImpactCromwell had no mail from Dunedin from the night of the 7th until the 10th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentA cold rain set in on the evening of the 7th.

Affected LifelineThe whole place was boggy and the roads were in a terrible state. Several washouts occurred on different parts of the roads.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Deep Stream
Map Location: -45.70516 170.076821
Comments:

CommentAt Deep Stream snow fell heavily and continuously all night on the 7th and on the 8th on the Lammerlaw and Rock and Pillar Ranges.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain fell in the lower country.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in Deep Stream were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.

FloodingFlooding at Dunback
Map Location: -45.381213 170.627272
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Bluff road was badly damaged and unsafe for travelling after dark. A crossing at Dunback was slightly damaged.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunedin
Map Location: -45.87911 170.502707
Comments:

CommentA steady downpour set in late morning on the 7th, and continued with little intermission throughout the day and night. The weather started clearing up on the morning of the 9th.

ImpactThe paddocks in the suburbs of the Flat were partially submerged. The Caledonian and Carisbrook Grounds were small lakes.

DamageA waterfall was thundering into the duplication works at Caversham. The works at the other end of the projected tunnel were also flooded out.

FloodingFlooding at East Taieri
Map Location: -45.898751 170.338476
Comments:

CommentContinuous rain at East Taieri caused one of the largest floods known in the district for many years.

Stock DamageOne farmer suffered a serious loss in valuable cattle and horses and two East Taieri farmers lost all their pigs. Five of Mr Shand's horses were drowned and a few others were missing. He also lost 45 cattle. Mr Kirkland lost 40 sheep, 40 sows, 2 boars, 80 young pigs and a good many young cattle.

Affected LifelineSeveral Waipori electric poles between Outram and Mosgiel were washed out.

Affected LifelineRoads in East Taieri were dmaged through the flooding of both the Silverstream and the Taieri River. Between Otokia and Henley, the Main South road was submerged. Down the Centre road at East Taieri, the water was nearly level with the top of the fences on the 11th, and traffic was impossible.

Affected LifelineSix homesteads in the East Taieri locality were isolated.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Elderslie
Map Location: -45.024652 170.832594
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicElderslie received 7 in (17.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Enfield
Map Location: -45.041243 170.866267
Comments:

ImpactThe Waiareka Stream was in heavy flood at Enfield and spread over the whole valley, entering several houses. A great part of the Enfield township was under water.

Affected LifelineA washout 70 yards (64 m) long occurred on the railway line 1/4 mile from Enfield.

Affected LifelineCommunication by horse was impossible owing to the volume of water flowing over the road.

Physical CharacteristicThere was over 2 ft (61 cm) of water in the rooms at the accommodation house.

CommentThe flood at Enfield was said to be the worst on record.

EvacueesMany families had to be temporarily accommadated by neighbours.

Physical CharacteristicThe creek rose 8 ft (24 m) in 3-4 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Georgetown
Map Location: -44.911961 170.847792
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Georgetown, the Waikarua Stream cut a chasm one chain (20 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, and water was still pouring through it on the 10th.

FloodingFlooding at Goodwood
Map Location: -45.537211 170.710627
Comments:

Affected LifelineNear Goodwood the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Green Valley
Map Location: -45.276897 170.522457
Comments:

Affected LifelineA lot of damage was done by the floods to the lower end of the road through Green Valley. Every crossing was badly damaged and there were a few serious washouts. In the worst washout two chains of the Main road were washed away to a depth of 6 or 7 ft (1.8 or 2.1 m). There was little damage to the bridge. Near the Green Valley schoolhouse both the culvert and bank were washed away and near Hogan's camp another culvert was badly smashed.

FloodingFlooding at Henley
Map Location: -45.981645 170.165556
Comments:

CommentThe Taieri River overflowed at Henley.

ImpactOn the afternoon of the 9th water was reported to be pouring in at the windows of the White House Hotel.

DamageSome outhouses and buildings were washed away. Pretty much everyone in the Henley locality suffered to some extent.

Stock DamagePoultry and cats were drowned. Many cattle were drowned around Henley, with the Henley Company being the biggest loser. On the 11th, most of the cattle near Henley were still in water up to their necks. One farmer lost a horse valued at £45 ($6,500 2008 dollars). Another farmer lost 12 milch cows which ate tutu, and two other farmers found 12 of their cattle dead.

Affected LifelineA large portion of the railway line was washed away near Henley.

Physical CharacteristicAt Henley the deposit of silt was 4-6 in (10-15 cm) in places.

InjuriesA 92-year-old woman was rescued at Henley, nearly blind and apparently helpless, from a rapidly disappearing house. She was almost dead.

Affected LifelineThe road between Henley on the Main road and the railway station was still submerged on the 16th. At the Henley Bridge the road was being torn away.

Physical CharacteristicAround Henley West the water was still 2-3.5 ft (61 cm-1.1 m) deep on the 20th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

DamageAt Henley there were about 10 different breaks in the river embankment, believed to be caused by both the floodwaters and the high winds blowing when the water was at its height.

FloodingFlooding at Hilderthorpe
Map Location: -44.994221 171.048724
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was an extensive washout on the railway line at Hilderthorpe.

FloodingFlooding at Hindon
Map Location: -45.729685 170.305358
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt Hindon, a number of telegraph poles were loosened and falling.

ImpactThe river found its way into at least one house on the banks.

Physical CharacteristicA very old resident said the river had risen 12 ft (3.7 m) within 24 hours, making it the biggest flood in 20 years.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Hyde
Map Location: -45.296085 170.250599
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelegraphic communication beyond Hyde was interrupted after 12 poles were blown down above the station. There was almost a total absence of telegraphic communication.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentAt Hyde it was snowing furiously on the 8th.

ImpactThe heavy snow was melting on the 9th, but all the low-lying country was practically submerged.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain came on and descended in torrents all night.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Hyde railway yard was under 12 in (31 cm) of floodwater.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn the morning of the 9th the railway line was blocked in all directions. Between Hyde and Cap Burn it was blocked by some 2 ft (61 cm) of snow and there were a number of serious slips and washouts.

Affected LifelineThere was no communication at all with Ranfurly.

FloodingFlooding at Kokonga
Map Location: -45.210004 170.246345
Comments:

Affected LifelineAbout a mile from Kokonga there was a very serious washout on the railway line. The rails spanned a hole 15 ft (4.6 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, caused by a mountain torrent.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

ImpactAt Kokonga, there was something approaching a famine, as store carts could not get out.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Kyeburn
Map Location: -45.146802 170.248348
Comments:

CommentThe heaviest snow fall was thought to be in the Kyeburn direction.

Stock DamageSheep farmers suffered heavy losses.

InjuriesA man who left Naseby for Kyeburn station on the 7th was caught in a snowstorm and was stuck in a small cave until the morning of the 10th without food or fire. His feet were severely frostbitten and he had to crawl for over 3 miles (4.8 km) to an outlying house. He was admitted to hospital on the 11th and had to lose one toe.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree footbridges over the Kyeburn River were carried away.

FloodingFlooding at Lee Creek
Map Location: -45.91224 170.17119
Comments:

DamageIt was feared that Mr Robertson of Lee Creek was the heaviest stock and crop loser in the Taieri district. He had at least 30 cattle drowned and acres and acres of young crop, valued at £8 ($1,200 2008 dollars) a ton, ruined.

FloodingFlooding at Macraes Flat
Map Location: -45.380855 170.416527
Comments:

DamageTwo culverts in McRaes riding were damaged.

FloodingFlooding at Maungatua
Map Location: -45.898341 170.15446
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in Maungatua were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.

FloodingFlooding at Meadowbank
Map Location: -45.46097 170.677776
Comments:

Affected LifelineIn Meadowbank riding the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away. The Switchback Rd crossing was damaged and impassable and Munro's crossing was slightly damaged. Dreaver's and Alexandria crossings were also slightly damaged.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Middlemarch
Map Location: -45.508281 170.125395
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMiddlemarch received 4.85 in (12.3 cm) of rain in one week.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOwing to rain and snow the river and creeks were in high flood.

ImpactMiddlemarch was flooded, with most of the township under water.

Affected LifelineThe Sheepwash bridge was partially wrecked and was closed to traffic. The roads were reported to be damaged in all directions.

Physical CharacteristicA torrent 3 ft (91 cm) deep was running through the main street.

DamageThe water entered Horn's store and did considerable damage. The worst flooding was in the basements of houses.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentThe parts of the township that weren't under water were under snow, which lay thickly over the Strath-Taieri Plain.

Physical CharacteristicBetween Middlemarch and Hyde the snow was 6 in (15 cm) deep on the railway track.

FloodingFlooding at Milton
Map Location: -46.123263 169.966084
Comments:

Impact60 commercial train travellers were blocked in Milton from the night of the 8th until the 10th.

FloodingFlooding at Momona
Map Location: -45.917509 170.223166
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Momona district appeared to be completely cut off.

FloodingFlooding at Mosgiel
Map Location: -45.882205 170.333108
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Mosgiel borough water supply was cut off through a break in the line at one of the Silverstream crossings.

LandslideLandslide at Mount Allan
Map Location: -45.752674 170.347051
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a landslip on the railway line at Mount Allan, caused by a torrent of surface water pouring down over the cutting.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Naseby
Map Location: -45.024406 170.137888
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSnow fell to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) at Naseby in 24 hours and was still falling. On the 9th the ground was still covered to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m), in many cases covering fences.

CommentSnow continued to fall intermittently on the 9th, and ceased that afternoon.

DamageBuildings in Naseby suffered severely from the fall of snow. The following buildings were damaged: J. Ball (blacksmith), Mount Ida Chronicle, Hore's stables, residence of the magistrate, office of Messrs Kirk and Davey and Victoria Hotel. A Chinaman's house was crushed flat and it was stated that no buildings in the main street escaped damage to some extent, and hardly any verandahs remained intact. Buildings in most cases were out of plumb, preventing doors moving, and many roofs were damaged and leaking.

ImpactThe school was closed and ordinary business, except in the shops, was practically suspended.

Affected LifelineTrain and coach services were suspended. The only track usable was a ditch 18 in (45.7 cm) wide made by horses. Naseby was cut off, except for a wire to Clyde.

CommentThe oldest residents could not remember a heavier fall of snow.

Physical CharacteristicThe snow about Naseby was 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 10th, covering fences and gates. The snow was still about 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 11th and was about level with the main street fences. Snow was the deepest on the hills 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.

ImpactA coach driver left on Naseby for Ranfurly on horseback on the 10th with the first mail for three days.

Affected LifelineThe telephone wire was down about 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.

ImpactFarmers all around the road were snowed in. The majority of buildings had snow piled high on the roofs and round the sides.

DamageIn Naseby, gardens suffered severely and trees were broken and uprooted in all directions. The Government forest plantation suffered severely. Half the trees were crushed beneath the weight of snow. Trees were further damaged due to rabbits being able to hop over the fences on top of the snow.

Damage CostThe most serious loss was sustained by the Mount Ida Chronicle office, which caved in - a loss estimated at £100 ($14,500 2008 dollars).

Damage CostThe blacksmith's building was crushed - a loss estimated at £30 ($4,300 2008 dollars).

Physical CharacteristicThere had been intense cold since the night of the 10th. At midday the temperature in the shade was -8 degC.

CommentIt was the worst storm ever experienced there.

ImpactFarmers and miners in outlying districts were suffering severely.

Physical CharacteristicIn Naseby the thermometer registered -17degC.

DamageOn the night of the 11th the cold was so intense that all liquids left standing in jugs and bottles froze, breaking their vessels in pieces.

DamageDuring the 12th, water pipes were bursting in all directions, resulting in the cellar of Victoria Hotel being flooded.

ImpactThe stock of coal in the town was inadequate to cope with demands due to the snowfalls.

Crop DamageOne orchard was practically destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicSome of the heaps of snow in the streets were 10 ft (3.0 m) high.

FloodingFlooding at Ngapara
Map Location: -44.950049 170.754505
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Ngapara railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.

FloodingFlooding at North Taieri
Map Location: -45.836854 170.337754
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in North Taieri were damged through the flooding of the Silverstream.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Oamaru
Map Location: -45.087138 170.980874
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOamaru received nearly 5 in (12.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicOamaru received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in 5 hours.

CommentThe fall of rain in the district was the heaviest experienced for years, and probably the heaviest ever recorded.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOamaru Creek rose until it was almost as high as in March 1902. It began to fall in the early hours of the 8th, as the rain eased off.

DamageOamaru Creek overflowed its banks and came through the Gardens, doing extensive damage to flower beds.

ImpactMany yards in the flat portion of town were under water and a few basements were flooded.

ImpactIn the country, water was in sheets in many places.

Affected LifelineAll the train services inland and north were stopped. Railway traffic was resumed on the main line on the 10th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

CommentA heavy sea was running at Oamaru.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Omakau
Map Location: -45.095679 169.604237
Comments:

CommentOut towards Omakau things bad and the snow was much deeper.

FloodingFlooding at Otokia
Map Location: -45.949801 170.189367
Comments:

CommentAt Otokia the river was very high, the water in the river having risen higher than on any previous occasion.

CommentThe flood in the neighbourhood of Otokia was very severe.

Affected LifelineLong stretches of the main road were submerged.

Physical CharacteristicOn the morning of the 9th, the road was submerged to a depth of 9 ft (2.7 m) in parts.

Physical CharacteristicThere was 2 ft (61 cm) of water in Mr O'Leary's store.

Affected LifelineThere was a serious breach in the ebmankment at Otokia bridge, and both bridge approaches were entirely swept away and rendered impassable. The road approach to the bridge was washed away for two chains (40 m).

ImpactA gang of carpenters and railway men at Otokia had their huts covered by water and spent the day and night of the 9th stuck in the rafters of a goods shed.

Stock DamageMany cattle were drowned at Otokia, where the farms were only approachable by boat.

DamageHouses were submerged, haystacks ruined and property destroyed. A property immediately below the bridge was very much damaged. The fences were swept clean, the paddocks badly scoured and there was a great deal of debris around.

DamageThe embankment on the Maungatua side of Otokia bridge was swept clean away for two chains (40 m), leaving a drop of 8 ft (2.4 m) at the end.

Affected LifelineAbout a mile below Otokia the railway was badly damaged and the rails were left hanging.

Physical CharacteristicAt the pumping station on the "C" Drain, a tremendous hole was washed by the river and the land turned into a lake over half an acre wide. Soundings showed the water was 20 ft (6.1 m) deep.

DamageThe pumping station was a wreck and the water-wheel and machinery were completely destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicMr Malcom's carpenter's shop, probably about the highest building in the township, had water to a depth of 13 in (33 cm) inside.

Physical CharacteristicThe huts of the men working at Otokia were flooded to the height of the rafters.

FloodingFlooding at Outram
Map Location: -45.859829 170.220115
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe train from Outram to Mosgiel was delayed indefinitely by the bridge at the Silverstream having shifted and been blocked by with fallen trees. There were eight washouts along the Outram railway line, most of the gaps being a chain or 2 wide (20-40 m), with the rails and sleepers hanging across the gaps.

Affected LifelineAt Outram, the Taieri was bank-high at 8:30pm on the 8th and the approaches to the bridge were under water.

CommentThe embankment protecting the West Taieri Plain gave way for about 3 chains (60 m) at a point near Mr Blair's farm, about 1/2 mile from Outram.

CommentIn Outram, the waters didn't come above the doorsteps.

Affected LifelineRoads in Outram were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.

FloodingFlooding at Owhiro
Map Location: -45.89864 170.303351
Comments:

DamageThe Riverside flag station was completely destroyed.

Physical CharacteristicThere was at least 4 ft (1.2 m) of water over the railway bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Palmerston
Map Location: -45.483857 170.721017
Comments:

Affected LifelineOn the 8th and 9th communication between Palmerston and various parts of the district was cut off.

Affected LifelineAt the bridge near the Palmerston Dairy Factory the approach was washed away.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Patearoa
Map Location: -45.27289 170.054672
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPatearoa received 2.55 in (6.5 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 5:30pm on the 8th.

Physical CharacteristicPatearoa received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in the 30 hours from 5:30pm on the 7th till midnight on the 8th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Raes Junction
Map Location: -45.784619 169.457657
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain fell steadily at Raes Junction from the afternoon of the 7th.

CommentThe creeks were already very high and in places were overflowing.

Affected LifelineThe roads at several points were under water.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Ranfurly
Map Location: -45.131163 170.112657
Comments:

Affected LifelineRanfurly was cut off from the outside world from the 7th.

ImpactThe miners were expected to sustain heavy losses.

CommentOld residents said this was the worst flood ever experienced.

ImpactA party had to dig out old age pensioners and isolated miners from their snowed under dwellings on the 10th.

Affected LifelineNo trains had got through to Ranfurly from Rough Ridge.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at St Bathans
Map Location: -44.871211 169.812248
Comments:

CommentThere was a heavy fall of snow at St Bathans.

Physical CharacteristicAt 4:20pm on the 8th, snow was 20 in (51 cm) deep and still falling.

Physical CharacteristicSnow was still falling at St Bathans on the 9th, with the depth approaching 3 ft (91 cm). The snow was of a very solid, heavy nature.

ImpactEverywhere sheep were under snow.

ImpactThe mines were shut down and all the water races were blocked.

DamageThe kitchen roof of the Vulcan Hotel collapsed on the morning of the 10th after a heavy chimney fell.

Affected LifelineThe mail outwards and inwards was completely stopped. It was impossible to run any wheeled traffic.

LandslideLandslide at Sawyers Bay
Map Location: -45.82087 170.603663
Comments:

Affected LifelineA slip at Sawyers Bay delayed suburban trains.

LandslideLandslide at Shag Point
Map Location: -45.460411 170.814648
Comments:

Affected LifelineA goods train from Oamaru was delayed on the night of the 8th by a slip in the cutting near Shag Point.

FloodingFlooding at Strath Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.488248 170.11614
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads in Strath Taieri were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.88401 170.253762
Comments:

CommentResidents stated that the rainfall on the 8th was the heaviest experienced for many years and it was said to be the heaviest on record.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOld residents said the Silverstream had not been so high for the last quarter of a century.

Affected LifelineThe supports of the footbridge on the Wingatui-North Taieri road were washed away early on the morning of the 8th and the bridge was left hanging.

CommentThe Owhiro Creek overflowed its banks.

Affected LifelineNear the railway station the creek submerged a road to a depth of 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m).

ImpactWilkie's flourmill, near the railway station, stood entirely surrounded by a considerable depth of water.

ImpactParts of properties were submerged.

CommentThe Taieri River was said to be higher than it had been since the great floods of 1878.

CommentThe phenomenal height of the Taieri was caused by the backing up of its tributaries in the lowlands, resulting in the water steadily spreading over the surface of the land.

ImpactThe Taieri Plain had long stretches of water between groups of small islands. Practically the whole plain from about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Mosgiel, was under water. Ditches were bank-high and paddocks were a series of swamps.

Affected LifelineThe Owhiro-Gladfield road was impassable on both sides.

ImpactBeyond Owhiro, water was everywhere right down to the other end of Lake Waihola.

CommentWest Taieri was flooded badly. The roof of the Gladfield Railway Station appeared above the water like the shell of a gigantic turtle.

Affected LifelineThe Black bridge and the footbridge across the Silverstream were completely demolished.

CommentAbout 10pm, the west bank of Taieri River burst near Mr Blair's property and the whole of West Taieri became speedily flooded.

ImpactMany people were marooned on the roofs of houses and sheds for days and nights, and people had to be rescued. A rescue boat was rowed with ease over fences. One house had water to halfway up the windows and the family was stuck in the hay loft for 24 hours. Another family spent the night in the rafters of their house.

CommentImmense quantities of snow were clogging the mountains.

CommentBetween Mosgiel and Milton, the rise of the river was phenomenally rapid and the whole damage was caused in less than 12 hours.

CommentThe Taieri Plain was still waterlogged and partially submerged on the 10th.

Affected LifelineThere were a number of washouts at approaches to bridges. There was a gaping hole 12 ft (3.7 m) deep in the approach to the West Taieri bridge. The bridge was passable again on the 22nd.

CommentThere was debris hanging from trees along the river banks.

Stock DamageStock losses on the Taieri Plain were moderate. Poultry and pigs were drowned. One farmer had 130 pigs and 20 calves drowned. Losses from Otokia downwards were fairly light, with some cattle lost and one or two horses. The water was bitterly cold, which contributed to the stock losses. Mr Murray lost 30-40 sheep and Mr Gamble lost 15 pigs and a number of fowls.

Crop DamageA number of crops were lost. One farmer lost 70 acres (0.28 km^2) of early wheat.

Affected LifelineBetween Waihola and Allanton there were about eight washouts on the railway line.

Damage CostOne farmer estimated his losses at £300 ($43,500 2008 dollars).

DamageThe greatest damage done lay in the area between Henley, Otokia, Allanton, Riverside and Outram, and from there stretching to Berwick. The worst damage around Milton and Waihola was a washed-out culvert.

DamageThe Taieri River embankment was damaged in nine places altogether, near Outram, Allanton, Momona, Otokia and Henley.

ImpactOn the 14th the whole country below Momona towards Otokia was still flooded and houses were still surrounded. On the 16th, the Taieri Plain between Allanton and Otokia still presented a scene of desolation. Houses more than half submerged marked a roadway.

Affected LifelineSome roads on the Taieri had their surface wrenched away, baring patches of stone outcrop, and yards of road metal was washed away. Considerable damage was done to county roads in West Taieri, where the floodwaters scoured out all the bridges and culverts in their track.

DamageLarge quantities of stored potatoes and fruit were ruined.

Damage CostThe cost of repairing the roads and bridges in the Taieri was estimated at £5000 ($724,300 2008 dollars).

Damage CostFrom a line below Mosgiel drawn across the plain at right angles to the railway to a similar line drawn from Otokia, £1200 or £1300 ($173,800-$188,300 2008 dollars) was estimated to cover the stock losses.

Property DamageIn the same area as above, damage to furniture, houses and outbuildings was estimated at £600-£700 ($86,900-$101,400 2008 dollars), and damage to land, including fences, etc. was estimated at £350 ($50,700 2008 dollars) - a total of £950-£1050 ($137,600-$152,100 2008 dollars).

DamageWithin 36 hours of the rain commencing the protective banks were burst at places from Outram to Henley, and the plain was flooded at daylight on the 8th.

DamageWhole hedge lines of trees were tilted grossly out of position by the action of floodwaters on their roots.

Affected LifelineThe new electric line to Waipori suffered severely. In one place spars were leaning far over the road.

Physical CharacteristicThe flood on the Taieri rose 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) higher than any previous flood.

CommentThis flood was not only a record for height but also for the damage caused to both public and private property.

Damage CostThe cost of the bridges and culverts destroyed on roads giving access to Crown lands was estimated at £1150 ($166,600 2008 dollars).

CommentThe silting up of the rivers and lakes caused by the deposits from the mining areas contributed to the severity of the flood.

ImpactPractically all farm work was suspended.

Physical CharacteristicIn the paddock where the first break in the embankment occurred the silt deposit was 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) deep.

Physical CharacteristicIn other places silt was spread to an average depth of about 3 in (7.6 cm).

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentThe weather was bitterly cold, with icy winds.

ImpactMr Gamble's family spent 12 hours trapped on the roof of their house in the rain, while the floodwaters rose and waves dashed against the window panes.

InjuriesSome people suffered from cold and exposure from long hours in a wet saddle. In Berwick and Henley at least every second person was coughing. A Maungatua man developed chest trouble due to having been practically wet for almost three weeks.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThere were indications that this was the highest flood yet kown on the Taieri. The water was said to be 2.5 ft (76 cm) deeper than in the flood of 1878.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waihemo
Map Location: -45.325427 170.561887
Comments:

CommentIntermittent rains fell in the Waihemo district for a fortnight, culminating on the 7th in a terrific downpour. Heavy rain commenced at about 10am and continued throughout the day and night.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentOn the morning of the 8th the Shag River and smaller streams were in a state of high flood.

Physical CharacteristicAt 6am the Shag River was within 2 ft (61 cm) of the mark reached by the disastrous flood of 1892. The water commenced to recede at about noon.

Stock DamageFarmers in the lower Shag Valley were the principal sufferers. A Bushey farmer lost 160 ewes. Another farmer lost a valuable draught filly and about 30 sheep, another lost two cattle and another also lost some sheep.

Crop DamageTurnip crops suffered severely.

Affected LifelineThe roads in several parts of the county were submerged.

Damage CostThe total damage done to Waihemo County property was estimated at £500 ($72,400 2008 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waikouaiti
Map Location: -45.59513 170.657413
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain in Waikouaiti on the night of the 7th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe racecourse and recreation grounds were completely flooded. The greater portion of Cherry Farm was under water.

CommentThe Waikouaiti River was in high flood and was rising again on the night of the 8th.

Affected LifelineThe main road was covered for several chains at each end of the Waikouaiti bridge.

Physical CharacteristicAt one place on the main road the water was up to 3 ft (91 cm) deep.

Stock DamageA number of sheep drowned on the Island Farm.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentA southeasterly gale was driving the sea into the river mouth, preventing the floodwater from getting away freely.

FloodingFlooding at Waipiata
Map Location: -45.181718 170.164281
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Taieri River was in very high flood at Waipiata at 8pm and later the streets were under water.

CommentThe river was high and stilll rising on the 9th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Wanaka
Map Location: -44.70636 169.1239
Comments:

CommentOn the 8th there was a heavy fall of snow on the low country around Wanaka. The snow was gradually disappearing on the 9th.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Wedderburn
Map Location: -45.034156 170.014549
Comments:

Affected LifelineSnow was reported for 6 miles (9.7 km) on the railway line in the vicinity of Wedderburn.

Physical CharacteristicThe snow on the line was 4 ft (1.2 m) deep.

Affected LifelineOn the morning of the 8th, two trains got stuck in 4 ft (1.2 m) of snow 4 miles (6.4 km) on the Ranfurly side of Rough Ridge (near Wedderburn), one with 12 passengers on board. The passengers were finally rescued at about 2am on the 9th. One train got out on the afternoon of the 9th but the other one derailed.

FloodingFlooding at Wingatui
Map Location: -45.8794 170.389617
Comments:

ImpactThe greater part of the Wingatui racecourse was practically under water.

References

Headline: Farm and dairy.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Bay of Plenty Times, 24 July 1908.
Cowie, C.A; Attwood, A.K. (1957). Floods in New Zealand 1920-53. The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand 239p.
Headline: Nature's flood gates burst open in Dunedin.
www.odt.co.nz, Source: Otago Daily Times, 9 July 2008, from ODT 9 July 1908.
Headline: Alexandra isolated.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Bad weather at Auckland.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Extensive area affected.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Flood at Waikouaiti.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Flood waters subsiding.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Floods in Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Floods in South Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Floods in the north.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: From Mosgiel to Milton: Widespread devastation.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Heavy rain in North Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: In Central Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Kaikoura isolated: Coach accidents.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The Kurow and Ngapara banch lines.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Latest about the Taieri Plain.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The mails.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The Naseby district.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Otago Central line.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The position at Cromwell.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Position at Timaru.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Position in Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The position in North Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The position in North Otago: Repairing the railway.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Rain and snow: Floods in Otago and Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Rain in Wellington.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Repairs in South Canterbury.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Reports from Central Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Storms in Auckland.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Taieri Plain under water.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Telegraph lines broken.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Through the flooded plains.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: The Waihemo district.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Waimate isolated.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Water subsiding on the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Weather at Ashburton.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Weather fine at Naseby.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 15 July 1908.
Headline: Conditions at the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: The Cromwell district.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: Damage at the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: Damage in Waihemo County.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: Position in Central Otago.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: South Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: The weather: More snow in Central Otago, communication still interrupted, conditions at the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 22 July 1908.
Headline: The floods on the Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 29 July 1908.
Headline: Naseby under snow: A graphic account.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 29 July 1908.
Headline: Thaw in Central Otago, Government grants, Taieri settlers uneasy.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 29 July 1908.