There were gales in Auckland, snow in inland Canterbury and Otago, and there was heavy rain and flooding in Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Canterbury and Otago. The Taieri Plain was extensively flooded and there was a huge snowfall in Naseby.
In several places between Oamaru and Timaru and north of Oamaru, the railway was under water. A bad washout occurred on Waitaki River embankment and others between Richmond and Hilderthorpe. Railway traffic was completely restored between Dunedin and Invercargill by the 13th.
Three wires between Christchurch and the West Coast were interrupted.
An easterly gale prevailed during 4th and 5th, moderating late on the night of the 5th as the wind went round to the north. Shortly before 3am on the 7th, the wind shifted to the north-west, blowing with terrific force at times. Throughout the 7th, the weather continued very windy, blowing from between north-west and north north-west. Towards evening wind fell somewhat. On the 8th, the wind was blowing strongly from the north-west and continued during the night.
Several accidents to shipping occurred during the gale. The scow Totara, anchored off Freeman's Bay, took the ground on the night of the 5th and capsized and two fishing boats were sunk by the wharf after being blown from their moorings. On the afternoon of the 7th, the ferry boat Condor was blown by the force of the wind onto a sandbank.
The gale on the 7th was accompanied by heavy rain. Rain squalls were still frequent that evening and on the 8th.
All vessels that arrived in Auckland on the 8th reported severe weather and the south-east and south-west gales were felt far out at sea.
The scow Southern Isle met very stormy weather from Ngunguru to Auckland. The mainsail was split and two of the outer jibs were carried away.
The rain ceased for the whole morning but commenced again in the afternoon of the 7th. Heavy rain was falling again on the 8th and had not entirely ceased in the ranges.
The Manawatu River was in heavy flood on the 6th. The river subsided greatly during the night of the 7th
The water at Fitzherbert bridge was within 3 ft (91 cm) of the highest floodwater mark.
The sports ground was half under water on the 6th.
Drowned cattle were seen in the river on the 7th.
On the 7th, about 14 ft (4.3 m) of the massive groyne recently erected was carried bodily away. All groynes erected were submerged.
The peak discharge of the Manawatu River on the 7th was 50,000 cusecs (1416 cumecs).
The flood deposited a lot of silt at Shannon.
Some farmers resorted to feeding their stock tree leaves.
Masterton received 2.32 in (5.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours to the 7th.
It was still raining heavily on the 7th.
The rivers and creeks were in flood and the low-lying lands were submerged.
Some areas under crop on the banks of the Ruamahanga River were washed away.
The weather in Wellington had been very wet for the past few weeks. On the 9th it was worse, the rain falling continuously, accompanied by a fresh wind.
All East Coast telegraph wires were down between Waiau and Kaikoura on the 7th due to a heavy fall of snow.
Right up to the Bealey the fall of snow was exceptionally heavy.
On the South Canterbury mountains snow fell instead of rain.
The whole country from Orari to Timaru was practically one broad sea of water. Thousands of acres of land and scores of miles of roads were entirely under water.
Many dozens of families were confined to their cottages, which were surrounded with water 1 ft (31 cm) deep.
The Opihi and Temuka Rivers were raging torrents nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and the water was within 2 or 3 ft (61-91 cm) of the decking of bridges.
The South Canterbury rivers were all in high flood.
The train services on the lowlands were disorganised. The line between St Andrews and Waitaki was flooded by several washouts on the morning of the 8th and no train got through that day. On the main railway line there was through communication to Timaru only on the 9th. The line to Fairlie was reopened on the 9th after the floods between Washdyke and the Levels subsided.
Some accidents at river crossings were reported.
South Canterbury received 6-7 in (15.2-17.8 cm) of rain in the 36 hours to 11am on the 8th.
Rain prevailed in South Canterbury from 11pm on the 6th till 11am on the 8th. Rain was heavier near the coast than inland.
Ashley county received about 1 in (2.5 cm) of rain on the night of the 8th.
Ashburton received 6.8 in (17.2 cm) of rain in the 9 days up to 9am on the 10th.
There were heavy falls of snow in the back country of Ashburton during the past week up till the 10th.
The heaviest rain experienced on Banks Peninsula for many years commenced at around 11pm on the 6th and was still falling in torrents on the 8th.
Creeks were phenomenally high and houses in their vicinity were flooded, with the water rushing through them.
For 24 hours on the 6th and 7th, Christchurch experienced the heaviest rainfall for some years. Rain had fallen more or less heavily on 12 days out of the past fortnight and ground was waterlogged.
Heavy showers fell in early morning on the 9th, at midday there was a drizzling rain and shortly afterwards it cleared.
The heavy downpour on the 7th was unable to get away, resulting in mini floods in many parts of the city and suburbs. Several houses were invaded by the water. A very large number of houses around Redcliffs had their floors awash.
The Avon River was 3 ft (91 cm) above normal at 1pm on the 7th and still rising.
In the lower-lying parts of the town culverts were blocked at their outlets, causing stormwater to back up and flood the streets.
The manufacture of gas at the gasworks was stopped when the pumping station could not cope with the enormous quantity of water. The gasworks started again on the night of the 7th.
At Sumner, large quantities of water were coming down the hills, and the main street was flooded in parts.
The flood subsided rapidly on the evening of the 7th when the rain ceased.
Thee direct wires with the north were still interrupted.
Some of the suburbs, especially those to the eastward, were thoroughly flooded along the route of the old city and suburban tramway line.
Up till late on the evening of the 7th, the low ground near the river was almost completely submerged. Hundreds of acres and large areas looked as if they were permanent swamps. A few houses were surrounded by shallow moats of water. In various parts of Linwood the water lay all afternoon.
Small watercourses became formidable streams. On the Cashmere Hills, every gully carried a roaring torrent of water and the streams formed frequent waterfalls.
The Avon River was swollen by rain as well as opposed by the tide, and overflowed at many points before subsiding in the afternoon.
On the Christchurch side of the hills, the waters nearly all joined and practically converted the flat land into a huge yellow lake.
Surface water did a good deal of damage at Dyer's Pass Road at the foot of the hill.
From Heathcote to Woolston the land above the railway was flooded and presented the appearance of a lake.
At Redcliffs, there was a scene of desolation, with the whole place practically under water for acres and acres. At one time people were punting down the main street.
In Peck's store water was above the level of the floor and considerable damage was done.
Sumner residents suffered heavily. Nayland and Stoke Streets were awash from fence to fence.
Low-lying land between the baths and the Deaf and Dumb Institute was flooded at an early hour on the morning of the 7th. A copious torrent of water brought large rocks and much silt, putting residents in that area in a perilous position.
By 1pm water was bubbling through the floor boards of Marina Hotel. Within half an hour the licensee had to remove all stores and fittings from the dining room onto the first floor.
At its worst, water covered the whole ground floor of Marina Hotel to 3-4 in (7.6-10.2 cm) deep.
The butcher's shop near the hotel was covered to a depth of about 3 ft (91 cm).
The south coach from Cheviot had an accident on the 8th while attempting to cross the Conway River, and two horses were drowned.
It rained heavily in Kaikoura from the 4th and, except for a fine day on the 8th, it was almost continuous, and it was still raining heavily on the 9th.
Rivers borth north and south were rising rapidly and were uncrossable.
Boats were unable to enter the harbour owing to very heavy sea.
At Kapua, the side station and some houses were surrounded by several feet of water.
The approaches to the Kurow railway bridge were considerably damaged. The Kurow railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.
Damage the the line was extensive. The flood waters of the Waikarua and Awamoko Streams and the Otekaieke and Kurow Rivers spread out over the flats and burst through the railway emabankment at many places.
The Lincoln township was reported to be flooded.
The continued wet weather in Lyttelton caused delays to shipping. Practically no work was done at any of the steamers in port on the 7th and 8th and several steamers had to delay their departures from the 6th.
No such rain had been experienced there for 20 years.
There was a big washout on the railway line at Otaio.
The rainfall at Pareora was believed to be the heaviest experienced there for the past 40 years.
The same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Pleasant Point.
At Pleasant Point a horse was drowned and the trap was carried into deep water.
Owing to the heavy rain, the weekly market at Rangiora was put off for the first time in 16 years.
There was a big washout on the railway line at Saltwater Creek.
The same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Temuka.
Timaru received 4.37 in (11.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 8th.
Timaru had not had such rain since the record flood of 1868. The rain ceased on the 9th.
There was a washout at the Washdyke station yard.
In Timaru, flood waters failed to escape by the drains. Several houses were more or less flooded.
At Hole and Co.'s brewery the cellars were flooded and the malt kiln fires were put out.
At Kirk's brickyard a flood invaded the drying shed and kiln. 60,000 bricks which were drying were softened and destroyed.
Water was 2 ft (61 cm) deep on the kiln floor at Kirk's.
Road traffic northwardwas was upset by the damage to Washdyke bridge.
Damage was expected to late-sown wheat by the rotting of the seed.
Several residents in low-lying streets had to leave their homes on the night of the 7th, as water came in over the kitchen floor.
The floodwaters were clearing on the 9th.
The worst damage done in the Timaru district was the eating away of the north bank of the Waihao River at the railway bridge.
Waimate received about 5 in (12.3 cm) of rain from the night of the 6th night.
During the 6th and 7th, Waimate experienced the heaviest rainfall for many years.
Waimate Creek was in heavy flood and all the low-lying country was deeply inundated.
Railway communication was cut off all day on the 8th due to a washout about 1 mile (1.6 km) from town.
No mails came from outside places all day.
The creek washed away portions of the road-line and the approaches to the bridge and the piping carrying the town water supply, cutting off the supply from the reservoir.
The bridge over the creek leading to the Mayor's residence was washed away.
One family had to leave their home on the night of the 7th, when the flood threatened to carry it away.
A storm culvert on Lake Wainono, at the outlet of the Waihao and other streams through the beach, was carried away.
18-25 in (46-64 cm) of snow fell in the Upper Waitaki.
There was an almost continuous downpour for a fortnight.
Otago was visited by phenomenal flood. Large tracts of the province were under water on the 9th.
On the level a good deal of stock was lost.
Serious damage was done to the permanent way between Oamaru and Glenavy. The largest break was 1/2 chain (10 m) long and 12 ft (3.7 m) deep, about 1/2 mile (805 m) south of the Waitaki River.
The entire railway and telegraph system of Central Otago was disorganised by violent rain and snow storms.
Train services were interrupted by slips and washouts. Services were interfered with on all lines to some extent, with theDunedin-Oamaru service the only one that could be maintained.
The disorganisation of railway traffic affected the forwarding and delivery of mails to a considerable extent.
Owing to the snow having brought down many telegraph poles, many stations could not be communicated with. Telegraph lines between Naseby and Waihemo and Naseby and Hyde were broken on the 8th as result of the snow.
The storm played havoc with the railway wires.
On the 10th, there were a few inches of snow on the line between Hyde and Waipiata, but it got deeper to about 2 ft (61 cm) near Ranfurly.
Many of the outlying farms were suffering from shortage of stock feed provisions.
To the southwards of Ranfurly, in the Lindburn direction there was little or no snow, but out towards Kyeburn there was 6 ft (1.8 m) of snow.
The manager for Craig and Co.'s coach said the roads between Clyde and Cromwell were the worst he had seen for the past 30 years.
Snow commenced to fall at Alexandra at midnight on the 6th and fell until noon on the 7th. All snow was gone from the flats on the 10th.
There was a heavy coating of snow on the lowlands and snow had been very heavy in the high lands.
Severe frosts for a few days before the snow cut off the town water.
No mails or papers had come through to Alexandra since the 8th.
At noon on the 7th, rain, sleet and wind set in and a hurricane prevailed that night. It was raining throughout the 8th and all the snow on the low country disappeared
The roads were axle-deep in mud and in a terrible condition.
A southwest wind was raging at 3:45pm on the 8th.
Late on the afternoon of the 8th a farmer witnessed a huge body of water break through near the railway viaduct with a rush and roar and sweep down on paddocks in a mass 5 or 6 chains (101-121 m) wide and a couple of feet high.
The line near Allanton was submerged under a turbid mass of water for 3 miles (4.8 km). A passenger train for Dunedin was detained at Milton with many passengers stranded.
The water overflowed the railway platform, then flooded the floors of the station offices. At 9:15pm the stationmaster was standing in 8 in (20.3 cm) of water.
The railway platform was submerged some 2 ft (61 cm) deep.
The new bridge across the Taieri was about 6 in (15.2 cm) above the level of the water and almost impassable.
O'Donnell's Crescent Hotel stood in water up to the handle of the front door, despite being on high ground. Many houses had water level with the verandah.
Water was rising to the houses at the rate of 1 in (2.5 cm) per minute.
One Taieri farmer estimated he had lost 500 hoggets on the flat land.
Above Allanton the railway line was submerged to an estimated depth of 4 or 5 ft (1.2-1.5 m) in places.
At Allanton the road was reported to be still submerged on the 10th.
Around Allanton, all the soil recently turned over was swept away along with the vegetables.
Snow was falling at Arrowtown all day on the 7th and heavy snow fell that night.
The snow was about 18 in (45.7 cm) deep on the low-lying country on the 8th.
The whole country was covered in snow and the depth on the mountains could not be estimated.
At Berwick the Waipori River rose 6 ft (1.8 m) between 10pm on the 7th and 6pm on the 8th, and it was still rising.
The river crossings were badly damaged in Blue Mountain riding, both being silted up and one also cut off by washouts at both sides.
A family was rescued after being isolated in their house near Bushey, between Shag River and Muddy Creek. At daybreak there was1 ft (32 cm) of water in the house and it was still rising.
The handrails of the bridge at Bushey were washed away and the approaches were damaged. There was a washout near the White bridge on the Main North Road and the road had to be closed while it was repaired.
At Clarendon, a great rush of water swept away a culvert, making a huge breach in the road and leaving it impassable.
Light snow set in at Cromwell early on the morning of the 7th and the whole country was white that day.
Only about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) of snow fell on the low country, but there was heavy snow on the high country.
Cromwell had no mail from Dunedin from the night of the 7th until the 10th.
A cold rain set in on the evening of the 7th.
The whole place was boggy and the roads were in a terrible state. Several washouts occurred on different parts of the roads.
At Deep Stream snow fell heavily and continuously all night on the 7th and on the 8th on the Lammerlaw and Rock and Pillar Ranges.
Heavy rain fell in the lower country.
Roads in Deep Stream were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.
The Bluff road was badly damaged and unsafe for travelling after dark. A crossing at Dunback was slightly damaged.
A steady downpour set in late morning on the 7th, and continued with little intermission throughout the day and night. The weather started clearing up on the morning of the 9th.
The paddocks in the suburbs of the Flat were partially submerged. The Caledonian and Carisbrook Grounds were small lakes.
A waterfall was thundering into the duplication works at Caversham. The works at the other end of the projected tunnel were also flooded out.
Continuous rain at East Taieri caused one of the largest floods known in the district for many years.
One farmer suffered a serious loss in valuable cattle and horses and two East Taieri farmers lost all their pigs. Five of Mr Shand's horses were drowned and a few others were missing. He also lost 45 cattle. Mr Kirkland lost 40 sheep, 40 sows, 2 boars, 80 young pigs and a good many young cattle.
Several Waipori electric poles between Outram and Mosgiel were washed out.
Roads in East Taieri were dmaged through the flooding of both the Silverstream and the Taieri River. Between Otokia and Henley, the Main South road was submerged. Down the Centre road at East Taieri, the water was nearly level with the top of the fences on the 11th, and traffic was impossible.
Six homesteads in the East Taieri locality were isolated.
Elderslie received 7 in (17.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours.
The Waiareka Stream was in heavy flood at Enfield and spread over the whole valley, entering several houses. A great part of the Enfield township was under water.
A washout 70 yards (64 m) long occurred on the railway line 1/4 mile from Enfield.
Communication by horse was impossible owing to the volume of water flowing over the road.
There was over 2 ft (61 cm) of water in the rooms at the accommodation house.
The flood at Enfield was said to be the worst on record.
Many families had to be temporarily accommadated by neighbours.
The creek rose 8 ft (24 m) in 3-4 hours.
At Georgetown, the Waikarua Stream cut a chasm one chain (20 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, and water was still pouring through it on the 10th.
Near Goodwood the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away.
A lot of damage was done by the floods to the lower end of the road through Green Valley. Every crossing was badly damaged and there were a few serious washouts. In the worst washout two chains of the Main road were washed away to a depth of 6 or 7 ft (1.8 or 2.1 m). There was little damage to the bridge. Near the Green Valley schoolhouse both the culvert and bank were washed away and near Hogan's camp another culvert was badly smashed.
The Taieri River overflowed at Henley.
On the afternoon of the 9th water was reported to be pouring in at the windows of the White House Hotel.
Some outhouses and buildings were washed away. Pretty much everyone in the Henley locality suffered to some extent.
Poultry and cats were drowned. Many cattle were drowned around Henley, with the Henley Company being the biggest loser. On the 11th, most of the cattle near Henley were still in water up to their necks. One farmer lost a horse valued at £45 ($6,500 2008 dollars). Another farmer lost 12 milch cows which ate tutu, and two other farmers found 12 of their cattle dead.
A large portion of the railway line was washed away near Henley.
At Henley the deposit of silt was 4-6 in (10-15 cm) in places.
A 92-year-old woman was rescued at Henley, nearly blind and apparently helpless, from a rapidly disappearing house. She was almost dead.
The road between Henley on the Main road and the railway station was still submerged on the 16th. At the Henley Bridge the road was being torn away.
Around Henley West the water was still 2-3.5 ft (61 cm-1.1 m) deep on the 20th.
At Henley there were about 10 different breaks in the river embankment, believed to be caused by both the floodwaters and the high winds blowing when the water was at its height.
There was an extensive washout on the railway line at Hilderthorpe.
At Hindon, a number of telegraph poles were loosened and falling.
The river found its way into at least one house on the banks.
A very old resident said the river had risen 12 ft (3.7 m) within 24 hours, making it the biggest flood in 20 years.
Telegraphic communication beyond Hyde was interrupted after 12 poles were blown down above the station. There was almost a total absence of telegraphic communication.
At Hyde it was snowing furiously on the 8th.
The heavy snow was melting on the 9th, but all the low-lying country was practically submerged.
Rain came on and descended in torrents all night.
The Hyde railway yard was under 12 in (31 cm) of floodwater.
On the morning of the 9th the railway line was blocked in all directions. Between Hyde and Cap Burn it was blocked by some 2 ft (61 cm) of snow and there were a number of serious slips and washouts.
There was no communication at all with Ranfurly.
About a mile from Kokonga there was a very serious washout on the railway line. The rails spanned a hole 15 ft (4.6 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, caused by a mountain torrent.
At Kokonga, there was something approaching a famine, as store carts could not get out.
The heaviest snow fall was thought to be in the Kyeburn direction.
Sheep farmers suffered heavy losses.
A man who left Naseby for Kyeburn station on the 7th was caught in a snowstorm and was stuck in a small cave until the morning of the 10th without food or fire. His feet were severely frostbitten and he had to crawl for over 3 miles (4.8 km) to an outlying house. He was admitted to hospital on the 11th and had to lose one toe.
Three footbridges over the Kyeburn River were carried away.
It was feared that Mr Robertson of Lee Creek was the heaviest stock and crop loser in the Taieri district. He had at least 30 cattle drowned and acres and acres of young crop, valued at £8 ($1,200 2008 dollars) a ton, ruined.
Two culverts in McRaes riding were damaged.
Roads in Maungatua were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.
In Meadowbank riding the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away. The Switchback Rd crossing was damaged and impassable and Munro's crossing was slightly damaged. Dreaver's and Alexandria crossings were also slightly damaged.
Middlemarch received 4.85 in (12.3 cm) of rain in one week.
Owing to rain and snow the river and creeks were in high flood.
Middlemarch was flooded, with most of the township under water.
The Sheepwash bridge was partially wrecked and was closed to traffic. The roads were reported to be damaged in all directions.
A torrent 3 ft (91 cm) deep was running through the main street.
The water entered Horn's store and did considerable damage. The worst flooding was in the basements of houses.
The parts of the township that weren't under water were under snow, which lay thickly over the Strath-Taieri Plain.
Between Middlemarch and Hyde the snow was 6 in (15 cm) deep on the railway track.
60 commercial train travellers were blocked in Milton from the night of the 8th until the 10th.
The Momona district appeared to be completely cut off.
The Mosgiel borough water supply was cut off through a break in the line at one of the Silverstream crossings.
Snow fell to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) at Naseby in 24 hours and was still falling. On the 9th the ground was still covered to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m), in many cases covering fences.
Snow continued to fall intermittently on the 9th, and ceased that afternoon.
Buildings in Naseby suffered severely from the fall of snow. The following buildings were damaged: J. Ball (blacksmith), Mount Ida Chronicle, Hore's stables, residence of the magistrate, office of Messrs Kirk and Davey and Victoria Hotel. A Chinaman's house was crushed flat and it was stated that no buildings in the main street escaped damage to some extent, and hardly any verandahs remained intact. Buildings in most cases were out of plumb, preventing doors moving, and many roofs were damaged and leaking.
The school was closed and ordinary business, except in the shops, was practically suspended.
Train and coach services were suspended. The only track usable was a ditch 18 in (45.7 cm) wide made by horses. Naseby was cut off, except for a wire to Clyde.
The oldest residents could not remember a heavier fall of snow.
The snow about Naseby was 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 10th, covering fences and gates. The snow was still about 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 11th and was about level with the main street fences. Snow was the deepest on the hills 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.
A coach driver left on Naseby for Ranfurly on horseback on the 10th with the first mail for three days.
The telephone wire was down about 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.
Farmers all around the road were snowed in. The majority of buildings had snow piled high on the roofs and round the sides.
In Naseby, gardens suffered severely and trees were broken and uprooted in all directions. The Government forest plantation suffered severely. Half the trees were crushed beneath the weight of snow. Trees were further damaged due to rabbits being able to hop over the fences on top of the snow.
The most serious loss was sustained by the Mount Ida Chronicle office, which caved in - a loss estimated at £100 ($14,500 2008 dollars).
The blacksmith's building was crushed - a loss estimated at £30 ($4,300 2008 dollars).
There had been intense cold since the night of the 10th. At midday the temperature in the shade was -8 degC.
It was the worst storm ever experienced there.
Farmers and miners in outlying districts were suffering severely.
In Naseby the thermometer registered -17degC.
On the night of the 11th the cold was so intense that all liquids left standing in jugs and bottles froze, breaking their vessels in pieces.
During the 12th, water pipes were bursting in all directions, resulting in the cellar of Victoria Hotel being flooded.
The stock of coal in the town was inadequate to cope with demands due to the snowfalls.
One orchard was practically destroyed.
Some of the heaps of snow in the streets were 10 ft (3.0 m) high.
The Ngapara railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.
Roads in North Taieri were damged through the flooding of the Silverstream.
Oamaru received nearly 5 in (12.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours.
Oamaru received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in 5 hours.
The fall of rain in the district was the heaviest experienced for years, and probably the heaviest ever recorded.
Oamaru Creek rose until it was almost as high as in March 1902. It began to fall in the early hours of the 8th, as the rain eased off.
Oamaru Creek overflowed its banks and came through the Gardens, doing extensive damage to flower beds.
Many yards in the flat portion of town were under water and a few basements were flooded.
In the country, water was in sheets in many places.
All the train services inland and north were stopped. Railway traffic was resumed on the main line on the 10th.
A heavy sea was running at Oamaru.
Out towards Omakau things bad and the snow was much deeper.
At Otokia the river was very high, the water in the river having risen higher than on any previous occasion.
The flood in the neighbourhood of Otokia was very severe.
Long stretches of the main road were submerged.
On the morning of the 9th, the road was submerged to a depth of 9 ft (2.7 m) in parts.
There was 2 ft (61 cm) of water in Mr O'Leary's store.
There was a serious breach in the ebmankment at Otokia bridge, and both bridge approaches were entirely swept away and rendered impassable. The road approach to the bridge was washed away for two chains (40 m).
A gang of carpenters and railway men at Otokia had their huts covered by water and spent the day and night of the 9th stuck in the rafters of a goods shed.
Many cattle were drowned at Otokia, where the farms were only approachable by boat.
Houses were submerged, haystacks ruined and property destroyed. A property immediately below the bridge was very much damaged. The fences were swept clean, the paddocks badly scoured and there was a great deal of debris around.
The embankment on the Maungatua side of Otokia bridge was swept clean away for two chains (40 m), leaving a drop of 8 ft (2.4 m) at the end.
About a mile below Otokia the railway was badly damaged and the rails were left hanging.
At the pumping station on the "C" Drain, a tremendous hole was washed by the river and the land turned into a lake over half an acre wide. Soundings showed the water was 20 ft (6.1 m) deep.
The pumping station was a wreck and the water-wheel and machinery were completely destroyed.
Mr Malcom's carpenter's shop, probably about the highest building in the township, had water to a depth of 13 in (33 cm) inside.
The huts of the men working at Otokia were flooded to the height of the rafters.
The train from Outram to Mosgiel was delayed indefinitely by the bridge at the Silverstream having shifted and been blocked by with fallen trees. There were eight washouts along the Outram railway line, most of the gaps being a chain or 2 wide (20-40 m), with the rails and sleepers hanging across the gaps.
At Outram, the Taieri was bank-high at 8:30pm on the 8th and the approaches to the bridge were under water.
The embankment protecting the West Taieri Plain gave way for about 3 chains (60 m) at a point near Mr Blair's farm, about 1/2 mile from Outram.
In Outram, the waters didn't come above the doorsteps.
Roads in Outram were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.
The Riverside flag station was completely destroyed.
There was at least 4 ft (1.2 m) of water over the railway bridge.
On the 8th and 9th communication between Palmerston and various parts of the district was cut off.
At the bridge near the Palmerston Dairy Factory the approach was washed away.
Patearoa received 2.55 in (6.5 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 5:30pm on the 8th.
Patearoa received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in the 30 hours from 5:30pm on the 7th till midnight on the 8th.
Heavy rain fell steadily at Raes Junction from the afternoon of the 7th.
The creeks were already very high and in places were overflowing.
The roads at several points were under water.
Ranfurly was cut off from the outside world from the 7th.
The miners were expected to sustain heavy losses.
Old residents said this was the worst flood ever experienced.
A party had to dig out old age pensioners and isolated miners from their snowed under dwellings on the 10th.
No trains had got through to Ranfurly from Rough Ridge.
There was a heavy fall of snow at St Bathans.
At 4:20pm on the 8th, snow was 20 in (51 cm) deep and still falling.
Snow was still falling at St Bathans on the 9th, with the depth approaching 3 ft (91 cm). The snow was of a very solid, heavy nature.
Everywhere sheep were under snow.
The mines were shut down and all the water races were blocked.
The kitchen roof of the Vulcan Hotel collapsed on the morning of the 10th after a heavy chimney fell.
The mail outwards and inwards was completely stopped. It was impossible to run any wheeled traffic.
Roads in Strath Taieri were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.
Residents stated that the rainfall on the 8th was the heaviest experienced for many years and it was said to be the heaviest on record.
Old residents said the Silverstream had not been so high for the last quarter of a century.
The supports of the footbridge on the Wingatui-North Taieri road were washed away early on the morning of the 8th and the bridge was left hanging.
The Owhiro Creek overflowed its banks.
Near the railway station the creek submerged a road to a depth of 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m).
Wilkie's flourmill, near the railway station, stood entirely surrounded by a considerable depth of water.
Parts of properties were submerged.
The Taieri River was said to be higher than it had been since the great floods of 1878.
The phenomenal height of the Taieri was caused by the backing up of its tributaries in the lowlands, resulting in the water steadily spreading over the surface of the land.
The Taieri Plain had long stretches of water between groups of small islands. Practically the whole plain from about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Mosgiel, was under water. Ditches were bank-high and paddocks were a series of swamps.
The Owhiro-Gladfield road was impassable on both sides.
Beyond Owhiro, water was everywhere right down to the other end of Lake Waihola.
West Taieri was flooded badly. The roof of the Gladfield Railway Station appeared above the water like the shell of a gigantic turtle.
The Black bridge and the footbridge across the Silverstream were completely demolished.
About 10pm, the west bank of Taieri River burst near Mr Blair's property and the whole of West Taieri became speedily flooded.
Many people were marooned on the roofs of houses and sheds for days and nights, and people had to be rescued. A rescue boat was rowed with ease over fences. One house had water to halfway up the windows and the family was stuck in the hay loft for 24 hours. Another family spent the night in the rafters of their house.
Immense quantities of snow were clogging the mountains.
Between Mosgiel and Milton, the rise of the river was phenomenally rapid and the whole damage was caused in less than 12 hours.
The Taieri Plain was still waterlogged and partially submerged on the 10th.
There were a number of washouts at approaches to bridges. There was a gaping hole 12 ft (3.7 m) deep in the approach to the West Taieri bridge. The bridge was passable again on the 22nd.
There was debris hanging from trees along the river banks.
Stock losses on the Taieri Plain were moderate. Poultry and pigs were drowned. One farmer had 130 pigs and 20 calves drowned. Losses from Otokia downwards were fairly light, with some cattle lost and one or two horses. The water was bitterly cold, which contributed to the stock losses. Mr Murray lost 30-40 sheep and Mr Gamble lost 15 pigs and a number of fowls.
A number of crops were lost. One farmer lost 70 acres (0.28 km^2) of early wheat.
Between Waihola and Allanton there were about eight washouts on the railway line.
One farmer estimated his losses at £300 ($43,500 2008 dollars).
The greatest damage done lay in the area between Henley, Otokia, Allanton, Riverside and Outram, and from there stretching to Berwick. The worst damage around Milton and Waihola was a washed-out culvert.
The Taieri River embankment was damaged in nine places altogether, near Outram, Allanton, Momona, Otokia and Henley.
On the 14th the whole country below Momona towards Otokia was still flooded and houses were still surrounded. On the 16th, the Taieri Plain between Allanton and Otokia still presented a scene of desolation. Houses more than half submerged marked a roadway.
Some roads on the Taieri had their surface wrenched away, baring patches of stone outcrop, and yards of road metal was washed away. Considerable damage was done to county roads in West Taieri, where the floodwaters scoured out all the bridges and culverts in their track.
Large quantities of stored potatoes and fruit were ruined.
The cost of repairing the roads and bridges in the Taieri was estimated at £5000 ($724,300 2008 dollars).
From a line below Mosgiel drawn across the plain at right angles to the railway to a similar line drawn from Otokia, £1200 or £1300 ($173,800-$188,300 2008 dollars) was estimated to cover the stock losses.
In the same area as above, damage to furniture, houses and outbuildings was estimated at £600-£700 ($86,900-$101,400 2008 dollars), and damage to land, including fences, etc. was estimated at £350 ($50,700 2008 dollars) - a total of £950-£1050 ($137,600-$152,100 2008 dollars).
Within 36 hours of the rain commencing the protective banks were burst at places from Outram to Henley, and the plain was flooded at daylight on the 8th.
Whole hedge lines of trees were tilted grossly out of position by the action of floodwaters on their roots.
The new electric line to Waipori suffered severely. In one place spars were leaning far over the road.
The flood on the Taieri rose 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) higher than any previous flood.
This flood was not only a record for height but also for the damage caused to both public and private property.
The cost of the bridges and culverts destroyed on roads giving access to Crown lands was estimated at £1150 ($166,600 2008 dollars).
The silting up of the rivers and lakes caused by the deposits from the mining areas contributed to the severity of the flood.
Practically all farm work was suspended.
In the paddock where the first break in the embankment occurred the silt deposit was 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) deep.
In other places silt was spread to an average depth of about 3 in (7.6 cm).
The weather was bitterly cold, with icy winds.
Mr Gamble's family spent 12 hours trapped on the roof of their house in the rain, while the floodwaters rose and waves dashed against the window panes.
Some people suffered from cold and exposure from long hours in a wet saddle. In Berwick and Henley at least every second person was coughing. A Maungatua man developed chest trouble due to having been practically wet for almost three weeks.
There were indications that this was the highest flood yet kown on the Taieri. The water was said to be 2.5 ft (76 cm) deeper than in the flood of 1878.
Intermittent rains fell in the Waihemo district for a fortnight, culminating on the 7th in a terrific downpour. Heavy rain commenced at about 10am and continued throughout the day and night.
On the morning of the 8th the Shag River and smaller streams were in a state of high flood.
At 6am the Shag River was within 2 ft (61 cm) of the mark reached by the disastrous flood of 1892. The water commenced to recede at about noon.
Farmers in the lower Shag Valley were the principal sufferers. A Bushey farmer lost 160 ewes. Another farmer lost a valuable draught filly and about 30 sheep, another lost two cattle and another also lost some sheep.
Turnip crops suffered severely.
The roads in several parts of the county were submerged.
The total damage done to Waihemo County property was estimated at £500 ($72,400 2008 dollars).
There was heavy rain in Waikouaiti on the night of the 7th.
The racecourse and recreation grounds were completely flooded. The greater portion of Cherry Farm was under water.
The Waikouaiti River was in high flood and was rising again on the night of the 8th.
The main road was covered for several chains at each end of the Waikouaiti bridge.
At one place on the main road the water was up to 3 ft (91 cm) deep.
A number of sheep drowned on the Island Farm.
A southeasterly gale was driving the sea into the river mouth, preventing the floodwater from getting away freely.
The Taieri River was in very high flood at Waipiata at 8pm and later the streets were under water.
The river was high and stilll rising on the 9th.
On the 8th there was a heavy fall of snow on the low country around Wanaka. The snow was gradually disappearing on the 9th.
Snow was reported for 6 miles (9.7 km) on the railway line in the vicinity of Wedderburn.
The snow on the line was 4 ft (1.2 m) deep.
On the morning of the 8th, two trains got stuck in 4 ft (1.2 m) of snow 4 miles (6.4 km) on the Ranfurly side of Rough Ridge (near Wedderburn), one with 12 passengers on board. The passengers were finally rescued at about 2am on the 9th. One train got out on the afternoon of the 9th but the other one derailed.
The greater part of the Wingatui racecourse was practically under water.
There were gales in Auckland, snow in inland Canterbury and Otago, and there was heavy rain and flooding in Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Canterbury and Otago. The Taieri Plain was extensively flooded and there was a huge snowfall in Naseby.
In several places between Oamaru and Timaru and north of Oamaru, the railway was under water. A bad washout occurred on Waitaki River embankment and others between Richmond and Hilderthorpe. Railway traffic was completely restored between Dunedin and Invercargill by the 13th.
Three wires between Christchurch and the West Coast were interrupted.
An easterly gale prevailed during 4th and 5th, moderating late on the night of the 5th as the wind went round to the north. Shortly before 3am on the 7th, the wind shifted to the north-west, blowing with terrific force at times. Throughout the 7th, the weather continued very windy, blowing from between north-west and north north-west. Towards evening wind fell somewhat. On the 8th, the wind was blowing strongly from the north-west and continued during the night.
Several accidents to shipping occurred during the gale. The scow Totara, anchored off Freeman's Bay, took the ground on the night of the 5th and capsized and two fishing boats were sunk by the wharf after being blown from their moorings. On the afternoon of the 7th, the ferry boat Condor was blown by the force of the wind onto a sandbank.
The gale on the 7th was accompanied by heavy rain. Rain squalls were still frequent that evening and on the 8th.
All vessels that arrived in Auckland on the 8th reported severe weather and the south-east and south-west gales were felt far out at sea.
The scow Southern Isle met very stormy weather from Ngunguru to Auckland. The mainsail was split and two of the outer jibs were carried away.
The rain ceased for the whole morning but commenced again in the afternoon of the 7th. Heavy rain was falling again on the 8th and had not entirely ceased in the ranges.
The Manawatu River was in heavy flood on the 6th. The river subsided greatly during the night of the 7th
The water at Fitzherbert bridge was within 3 ft (91 cm) of the highest floodwater mark.
The sports ground was half under water on the 6th.
Drowned cattle were seen in the river on the 7th.
On the 7th, about 14 ft (4.3 m) of the massive groyne recently erected was carried bodily away. All groynes erected were submerged.
The peak discharge of the Manawatu River on the 7th was 50,000 cusecs (1416 cumecs).
The flood deposited a lot of silt at Shannon.
Some farmers resorted to feeding their stock tree leaves.
Masterton received 2.32 in (5.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours to the 7th.
It was still raining heavily on the 7th.
The rivers and creeks were in flood and the low-lying lands were submerged.
Some areas under crop on the banks of the Ruamahanga River were washed away.
The weather in Wellington had been very wet for the past few weeks. On the 9th it was worse, the rain falling continuously, accompanied by a fresh wind.
All East Coast telegraph wires were down between Waiau and Kaikoura on the 7th due to a heavy fall of snow.
Right up to the Bealey the fall of snow was exceptionally heavy.
On the South Canterbury mountains snow fell instead of rain.
The whole country from Orari to Timaru was practically one broad sea of water. Thousands of acres of land and scores of miles of roads were entirely under water.
Many dozens of families were confined to their cottages, which were surrounded with water 1 ft (31 cm) deep.
The Opihi and Temuka Rivers were raging torrents nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and the water was within 2 or 3 ft (61-91 cm) of the decking of bridges.
The South Canterbury rivers were all in high flood.
The train services on the lowlands were disorganised. The line between St Andrews and Waitaki was flooded by several washouts on the morning of the 8th and no train got through that day. On the main railway line there was through communication to Timaru only on the 9th. The line to Fairlie was reopened on the 9th after the floods between Washdyke and the Levels subsided.
Some accidents at river crossings were reported.
South Canterbury received 6-7 in (15.2-17.8 cm) of rain in the 36 hours to 11am on the 8th.
Rain prevailed in South Canterbury from 11pm on the 6th till 11am on the 8th. Rain was heavier near the coast than inland.
Ashley county received about 1 in (2.5 cm) of rain on the night of the 8th.
Ashburton received 6.8 in (17.2 cm) of rain in the 9 days up to 9am on the 10th.
There were heavy falls of snow in the back country of Ashburton during the past week up till the 10th.
The heaviest rain experienced on Banks Peninsula for many years commenced at around 11pm on the 6th and was still falling in torrents on the 8th.
Creeks were phenomenally high and houses in their vicinity were flooded, with the water rushing through them.
For 24 hours on the 6th and 7th, Christchurch experienced the heaviest rainfall for some years. Rain had fallen more or less heavily on 12 days out of the past fortnight and ground was waterlogged.
Heavy showers fell in early morning on the 9th, at midday there was a drizzling rain and shortly afterwards it cleared.
The heavy downpour on the 7th was unable to get away, resulting in mini floods in many parts of the city and suburbs. Several houses were invaded by the water. A very large number of houses around Redcliffs had their floors awash.
The Avon River was 3 ft (91 cm) above normal at 1pm on the 7th and still rising.
In the lower-lying parts of the town culverts were blocked at their outlets, causing stormwater to back up and flood the streets.
The manufacture of gas at the gasworks was stopped when the pumping station could not cope with the enormous quantity of water. The gasworks started again on the night of the 7th.
At Sumner, large quantities of water were coming down the hills, and the main street was flooded in parts.
The flood subsided rapidly on the evening of the 7th when the rain ceased.
Thee direct wires with the north were still interrupted.
Some of the suburbs, especially those to the eastward, were thoroughly flooded along the route of the old city and suburban tramway line.
Up till late on the evening of the 7th, the low ground near the river was almost completely submerged. Hundreds of acres and large areas looked as if they were permanent swamps. A few houses were surrounded by shallow moats of water. In various parts of Linwood the water lay all afternoon.
Small watercourses became formidable streams. On the Cashmere Hills, every gully carried a roaring torrent of water and the streams formed frequent waterfalls.
The Avon River was swollen by rain as well as opposed by the tide, and overflowed at many points before subsiding in the afternoon.
On the Christchurch side of the hills, the waters nearly all joined and practically converted the flat land into a huge yellow lake.
Surface water did a good deal of damage at Dyer's Pass Road at the foot of the hill.
From Heathcote to Woolston the land above the railway was flooded and presented the appearance of a lake.
At Redcliffs, there was a scene of desolation, with the whole place practically under water for acres and acres. At one time people were punting down the main street.
In Peck's store water was above the level of the floor and considerable damage was done.
Sumner residents suffered heavily. Nayland and Stoke Streets were awash from fence to fence.
Low-lying land between the baths and the Deaf and Dumb Institute was flooded at an early hour on the morning of the 7th. A copious torrent of water brought large rocks and much silt, putting residents in that area in a perilous position.
By 1pm water was bubbling through the floor boards of Marina Hotel. Within half an hour the licensee had to remove all stores and fittings from the dining room onto the first floor.
At its worst, water covered the whole ground floor of Marina Hotel to 3-4 in (7.6-10.2 cm) deep.
The butcher's shop near the hotel was covered to a depth of about 3 ft (91 cm).
The south coach from Cheviot had an accident on the 8th while attempting to cross the Conway River, and two horses were drowned.
It rained heavily in Kaikoura from the 4th and, except for a fine day on the 8th, it was almost continuous, and it was still raining heavily on the 9th.
Rivers borth north and south were rising rapidly and were uncrossable.
Boats were unable to enter the harbour owing to very heavy sea.
At Kapua, the side station and some houses were surrounded by several feet of water.
The approaches to the Kurow railway bridge were considerably damaged. The Kurow railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.
Damage the the line was extensive. The flood waters of the Waikarua and Awamoko Streams and the Otekaieke and Kurow Rivers spread out over the flats and burst through the railway emabankment at many places.
The Lincoln township was reported to be flooded.
The continued wet weather in Lyttelton caused delays to shipping. Practically no work was done at any of the steamers in port on the 7th and 8th and several steamers had to delay their departures from the 6th.
No such rain had been experienced there for 20 years.
There was a big washout on the railway line at Otaio.
The rainfall at Pareora was believed to be the heaviest experienced there for the past 40 years.
The same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Pleasant Point.
At Pleasant Point a horse was drowned and the trap was carried into deep water.
Owing to the heavy rain, the weekly market at Rangiora was put off for the first time in 16 years.
There was a big washout on the railway line at Saltwater Creek.
The same state of things as in Timaru prevailed at Temuka.
Timaru received 4.37 in (11.1 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 9am on the 8th.
Timaru had not had such rain since the record flood of 1868. The rain ceased on the 9th.
There was a washout at the Washdyke station yard.
In Timaru, flood waters failed to escape by the drains. Several houses were more or less flooded.
At Hole and Co.'s brewery the cellars were flooded and the malt kiln fires were put out.
At Kirk's brickyard a flood invaded the drying shed and kiln. 60,000 bricks which were drying were softened and destroyed.
Water was 2 ft (61 cm) deep on the kiln floor at Kirk's.
Road traffic northwardwas was upset by the damage to Washdyke bridge.
Damage was expected to late-sown wheat by the rotting of the seed.
Several residents in low-lying streets had to leave their homes on the night of the 7th, as water came in over the kitchen floor.
The floodwaters were clearing on the 9th.
The worst damage done in the Timaru district was the eating away of the north bank of the Waihao River at the railway bridge.
Waimate received about 5 in (12.3 cm) of rain from the night of the 6th night.
During the 6th and 7th, Waimate experienced the heaviest rainfall for many years.
Waimate Creek was in heavy flood and all the low-lying country was deeply inundated.
Railway communication was cut off all day on the 8th due to a washout about 1 mile (1.6 km) from town.
No mails came from outside places all day.
The creek washed away portions of the road-line and the approaches to the bridge and the piping carrying the town water supply, cutting off the supply from the reservoir.
The bridge over the creek leading to the Mayor's residence was washed away.
One family had to leave their home on the night of the 7th, when the flood threatened to carry it away.
A storm culvert on Lake Wainono, at the outlet of the Waihao and other streams through the beach, was carried away.
18-25 in (46-64 cm) of snow fell in the Upper Waitaki.
There was an almost continuous downpour for a fortnight.
Otago was visited by phenomenal flood. Large tracts of the province were under water on the 9th.
On the level a good deal of stock was lost.
Serious damage was done to the permanent way between Oamaru and Glenavy. The largest break was 1/2 chain (10 m) long and 12 ft (3.7 m) deep, about 1/2 mile (805 m) south of the Waitaki River.
The entire railway and telegraph system of Central Otago was disorganised by violent rain and snow storms.
Train services were interrupted by slips and washouts. Services were interfered with on all lines to some extent, with theDunedin-Oamaru service the only one that could be maintained.
The disorganisation of railway traffic affected the forwarding and delivery of mails to a considerable extent.
Owing to the snow having brought down many telegraph poles, many stations could not be communicated with. Telegraph lines between Naseby and Waihemo and Naseby and Hyde were broken on the 8th as result of the snow.
The storm played havoc with the railway wires.
On the 10th, there were a few inches of snow on the line between Hyde and Waipiata, but it got deeper to about 2 ft (61 cm) near Ranfurly.
Many of the outlying farms were suffering from shortage of stock feed provisions.
To the southwards of Ranfurly, in the Lindburn direction there was little or no snow, but out towards Kyeburn there was 6 ft (1.8 m) of snow.
The manager for Craig and Co.'s coach said the roads between Clyde and Cromwell were the worst he had seen for the past 30 years.
Snow commenced to fall at Alexandra at midnight on the 6th and fell until noon on the 7th. All snow was gone from the flats on the 10th.
There was a heavy coating of snow on the lowlands and snow had been very heavy in the high lands.
Severe frosts for a few days before the snow cut off the town water.
No mails or papers had come through to Alexandra since the 8th.
At noon on the 7th, rain, sleet and wind set in and a hurricane prevailed that night. It was raining throughout the 8th and all the snow on the low country disappeared
The roads were axle-deep in mud and in a terrible condition.
A southwest wind was raging at 3:45pm on the 8th.
Late on the afternoon of the 8th a farmer witnessed a huge body of water break through near the railway viaduct with a rush and roar and sweep down on paddocks in a mass 5 or 6 chains (101-121 m) wide and a couple of feet high.
The line near Allanton was submerged under a turbid mass of water for 3 miles (4.8 km). A passenger train for Dunedin was detained at Milton with many passengers stranded.
The water overflowed the railway platform, then flooded the floors of the station offices. At 9:15pm the stationmaster was standing in 8 in (20.3 cm) of water.
The railway platform was submerged some 2 ft (61 cm) deep.
The new bridge across the Taieri was about 6 in (15.2 cm) above the level of the water and almost impassable.
O'Donnell's Crescent Hotel stood in water up to the handle of the front door, despite being on high ground. Many houses had water level with the verandah.
Water was rising to the houses at the rate of 1 in (2.5 cm) per minute.
One Taieri farmer estimated he had lost 500 hoggets on the flat land.
Above Allanton the railway line was submerged to an estimated depth of 4 or 5 ft (1.2-1.5 m) in places.
At Allanton the road was reported to be still submerged on the 10th.
Around Allanton, all the soil recently turned over was swept away along with the vegetables.
Snow was falling at Arrowtown all day on the 7th and heavy snow fell that night.
The snow was about 18 in (45.7 cm) deep on the low-lying country on the 8th.
The whole country was covered in snow and the depth on the mountains could not be estimated.
At Berwick the Waipori River rose 6 ft (1.8 m) between 10pm on the 7th and 6pm on the 8th, and it was still rising.
The river crossings were badly damaged in Blue Mountain riding, both being silted up and one also cut off by washouts at both sides.
A family was rescued after being isolated in their house near Bushey, between Shag River and Muddy Creek. At daybreak there was1 ft (32 cm) of water in the house and it was still rising.
The handrails of the bridge at Bushey were washed away and the approaches were damaged. There was a washout near the White bridge on the Main North Road and the road had to be closed while it was repaired.
At Clarendon, a great rush of water swept away a culvert, making a huge breach in the road and leaving it impassable.
Light snow set in at Cromwell early on the morning of the 7th and the whole country was white that day.
Only about 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) of snow fell on the low country, but there was heavy snow on the high country.
Cromwell had no mail from Dunedin from the night of the 7th until the 10th.
A cold rain set in on the evening of the 7th.
The whole place was boggy and the roads were in a terrible state. Several washouts occurred on different parts of the roads.
At Deep Stream snow fell heavily and continuously all night on the 7th and on the 8th on the Lammerlaw and Rock and Pillar Ranges.
Heavy rain fell in the lower country.
Roads in Deep Stream were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.
The Bluff road was badly damaged and unsafe for travelling after dark. A crossing at Dunback was slightly damaged.
A steady downpour set in late morning on the 7th, and continued with little intermission throughout the day and night. The weather started clearing up on the morning of the 9th.
The paddocks in the suburbs of the Flat were partially submerged. The Caledonian and Carisbrook Grounds were small lakes.
A waterfall was thundering into the duplication works at Caversham. The works at the other end of the projected tunnel were also flooded out.
Continuous rain at East Taieri caused one of the largest floods known in the district for many years.
One farmer suffered a serious loss in valuable cattle and horses and two East Taieri farmers lost all their pigs. Five of Mr Shand's horses were drowned and a few others were missing. He also lost 45 cattle. Mr Kirkland lost 40 sheep, 40 sows, 2 boars, 80 young pigs and a good many young cattle.
Several Waipori electric poles between Outram and Mosgiel were washed out.
Roads in East Taieri were dmaged through the flooding of both the Silverstream and the Taieri River. Between Otokia and Henley, the Main South road was submerged. Down the Centre road at East Taieri, the water was nearly level with the top of the fences on the 11th, and traffic was impossible.
Six homesteads in the East Taieri locality were isolated.
Elderslie received 7 in (17.8 cm) of rain in 24 hours.
The Waiareka Stream was in heavy flood at Enfield and spread over the whole valley, entering several houses. A great part of the Enfield township was under water.
A washout 70 yards (64 m) long occurred on the railway line 1/4 mile from Enfield.
Communication by horse was impossible owing to the volume of water flowing over the road.
There was over 2 ft (61 cm) of water in the rooms at the accommodation house.
The flood at Enfield was said to be the worst on record.
Many families had to be temporarily accommadated by neighbours.
The creek rose 8 ft (24 m) in 3-4 hours.
At Georgetown, the Waikarua Stream cut a chasm one chain (20 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, and water was still pouring through it on the 10th.
Near Goodwood the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away.
A lot of damage was done by the floods to the lower end of the road through Green Valley. Every crossing was badly damaged and there were a few serious washouts. In the worst washout two chains of the Main road were washed away to a depth of 6 or 7 ft (1.8 or 2.1 m). There was little damage to the bridge. Near the Green Valley schoolhouse both the culvert and bank were washed away and near Hogan's camp another culvert was badly smashed.
The Taieri River overflowed at Henley.
On the afternoon of the 9th water was reported to be pouring in at the windows of the White House Hotel.
Some outhouses and buildings were washed away. Pretty much everyone in the Henley locality suffered to some extent.
Poultry and cats were drowned. Many cattle were drowned around Henley, with the Henley Company being the biggest loser. On the 11th, most of the cattle near Henley were still in water up to their necks. One farmer lost a horse valued at £45 ($6,500 2008 dollars). Another farmer lost 12 milch cows which ate tutu, and two other farmers found 12 of their cattle dead.
A large portion of the railway line was washed away near Henley.
At Henley the deposit of silt was 4-6 in (10-15 cm) in places.
A 92-year-old woman was rescued at Henley, nearly blind and apparently helpless, from a rapidly disappearing house. She was almost dead.
The road between Henley on the Main road and the railway station was still submerged on the 16th. At the Henley Bridge the road was being torn away.
Around Henley West the water was still 2-3.5 ft (61 cm-1.1 m) deep on the 20th.
At Henley there were about 10 different breaks in the river embankment, believed to be caused by both the floodwaters and the high winds blowing when the water was at its height.
There was an extensive washout on the railway line at Hilderthorpe.
At Hindon, a number of telegraph poles were loosened and falling.
The river found its way into at least one house on the banks.
A very old resident said the river had risen 12 ft (3.7 m) within 24 hours, making it the biggest flood in 20 years.
Telegraphic communication beyond Hyde was interrupted after 12 poles were blown down above the station. There was almost a total absence of telegraphic communication.
At Hyde it was snowing furiously on the 8th.
The heavy snow was melting on the 9th, but all the low-lying country was practically submerged.
Rain came on and descended in torrents all night.
The Hyde railway yard was under 12 in (31 cm) of floodwater.
On the morning of the 9th the railway line was blocked in all directions. Between Hyde and Cap Burn it was blocked by some 2 ft (61 cm) of snow and there were a number of serious slips and washouts.
There was no communication at all with Ranfurly.
About a mile from Kokonga there was a very serious washout on the railway line. The rails spanned a hole 15 ft (4.6 m) wide and 15 ft (4.6 m) deep, caused by a mountain torrent.
At Kokonga, there was something approaching a famine, as store carts could not get out.
The heaviest snow fall was thought to be in the Kyeburn direction.
Sheep farmers suffered heavy losses.
A man who left Naseby for Kyeburn station on the 7th was caught in a snowstorm and was stuck in a small cave until the morning of the 10th without food or fire. His feet were severely frostbitten and he had to crawl for over 3 miles (4.8 km) to an outlying house. He was admitted to hospital on the 11th and had to lose one toe.
Three footbridges over the Kyeburn River were carried away.
It was feared that Mr Robertson of Lee Creek was the heaviest stock and crop loser in the Taieri district. He had at least 30 cattle drowned and acres and acres of young crop, valued at £8 ($1,200 2008 dollars) a ton, ruined.
Two culverts in McRaes riding were damaged.
Roads in Maungatua were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.
In Meadowbank riding the worst damage reported was a little gravel washed away. The Switchback Rd crossing was damaged and impassable and Munro's crossing was slightly damaged. Dreaver's and Alexandria crossings were also slightly damaged.
Middlemarch received 4.85 in (12.3 cm) of rain in one week.
Owing to rain and snow the river and creeks were in high flood.
Middlemarch was flooded, with most of the township under water.
The Sheepwash bridge was partially wrecked and was closed to traffic. The roads were reported to be damaged in all directions.
A torrent 3 ft (91 cm) deep was running through the main street.
The water entered Horn's store and did considerable damage. The worst flooding was in the basements of houses.
The parts of the township that weren't under water were under snow, which lay thickly over the Strath-Taieri Plain.
Between Middlemarch and Hyde the snow was 6 in (15 cm) deep on the railway track.
60 commercial train travellers were blocked in Milton from the night of the 8th until the 10th.
The Momona district appeared to be completely cut off.
The Mosgiel borough water supply was cut off through a break in the line at one of the Silverstream crossings.
Snow fell to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) at Naseby in 24 hours and was still falling. On the 9th the ground was still covered to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m), in many cases covering fences.
Snow continued to fall intermittently on the 9th, and ceased that afternoon.
Buildings in Naseby suffered severely from the fall of snow. The following buildings were damaged: J. Ball (blacksmith), Mount Ida Chronicle, Hore's stables, residence of the magistrate, office of Messrs Kirk and Davey and Victoria Hotel. A Chinaman's house was crushed flat and it was stated that no buildings in the main street escaped damage to some extent, and hardly any verandahs remained intact. Buildings in most cases were out of plumb, preventing doors moving, and many roofs were damaged and leaking.
The school was closed and ordinary business, except in the shops, was practically suspended.
Train and coach services were suspended. The only track usable was a ditch 18 in (45.7 cm) wide made by horses. Naseby was cut off, except for a wire to Clyde.
The oldest residents could not remember a heavier fall of snow.
The snow about Naseby was 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 10th, covering fences and gates. The snow was still about 5 ft (1.5 m) deep on the 11th and was about level with the main street fences. Snow was the deepest on the hills 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.
A coach driver left on Naseby for Ranfurly on horseback on the 10th with the first mail for three days.
The telephone wire was down about 1 mile (1.6 km) before reaching Naseby.
Farmers all around the road were snowed in. The majority of buildings had snow piled high on the roofs and round the sides.
In Naseby, gardens suffered severely and trees were broken and uprooted in all directions. The Government forest plantation suffered severely. Half the trees were crushed beneath the weight of snow. Trees were further damaged due to rabbits being able to hop over the fences on top of the snow.
The most serious loss was sustained by the Mount Ida Chronicle office, which caved in - a loss estimated at £100 ($14,500 2008 dollars).
The blacksmith's building was crushed - a loss estimated at £30 ($4,300 2008 dollars).
There had been intense cold since the night of the 10th. At midday the temperature in the shade was -8 degC.
It was the worst storm ever experienced there.
Farmers and miners in outlying districts were suffering severely.
In Naseby the thermometer registered -17degC.
On the night of the 11th the cold was so intense that all liquids left standing in jugs and bottles froze, breaking their vessels in pieces.
During the 12th, water pipes were bursting in all directions, resulting in the cellar of Victoria Hotel being flooded.
The stock of coal in the town was inadequate to cope with demands due to the snowfalls.
One orchard was practically destroyed.
Some of the heaps of snow in the streets were 10 ft (3.0 m) high.
The Ngapara railway branch was still blocked on the 10th.
Roads in North Taieri were damged through the flooding of the Silverstream.
Oamaru received nearly 5 in (12.7 cm) of rain in 24 hours.
Oamaru received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in 5 hours.
The fall of rain in the district was the heaviest experienced for years, and probably the heaviest ever recorded.
Oamaru Creek rose until it was almost as high as in March 1902. It began to fall in the early hours of the 8th, as the rain eased off.
Oamaru Creek overflowed its banks and came through the Gardens, doing extensive damage to flower beds.
Many yards in the flat portion of town were under water and a few basements were flooded.
In the country, water was in sheets in many places.
All the train services inland and north were stopped. Railway traffic was resumed on the main line on the 10th.
A heavy sea was running at Oamaru.
Out towards Omakau things bad and the snow was much deeper.
At Otokia the river was very high, the water in the river having risen higher than on any previous occasion.
The flood in the neighbourhood of Otokia was very severe.
Long stretches of the main road were submerged.
On the morning of the 9th, the road was submerged to a depth of 9 ft (2.7 m) in parts.
There was 2 ft (61 cm) of water in Mr O'Leary's store.
There was a serious breach in the ebmankment at Otokia bridge, and both bridge approaches were entirely swept away and rendered impassable. The road approach to the bridge was washed away for two chains (40 m).
A gang of carpenters and railway men at Otokia had their huts covered by water and spent the day and night of the 9th stuck in the rafters of a goods shed.
Many cattle were drowned at Otokia, where the farms were only approachable by boat.
Houses were submerged, haystacks ruined and property destroyed. A property immediately below the bridge was very much damaged. The fences were swept clean, the paddocks badly scoured and there was a great deal of debris around.
The embankment on the Maungatua side of Otokia bridge was swept clean away for two chains (40 m), leaving a drop of 8 ft (2.4 m) at the end.
About a mile below Otokia the railway was badly damaged and the rails were left hanging.
At the pumping station on the "C" Drain, a tremendous hole was washed by the river and the land turned into a lake over half an acre wide. Soundings showed the water was 20 ft (6.1 m) deep.
The pumping station was a wreck and the water-wheel and machinery were completely destroyed.
Mr Malcom's carpenter's shop, probably about the highest building in the township, had water to a depth of 13 in (33 cm) inside.
The huts of the men working at Otokia were flooded to the height of the rafters.
The train from Outram to Mosgiel was delayed indefinitely by the bridge at the Silverstream having shifted and been blocked by with fallen trees. There were eight washouts along the Outram railway line, most of the gaps being a chain or 2 wide (20-40 m), with the rails and sleepers hanging across the gaps.
At Outram, the Taieri was bank-high at 8:30pm on the 8th and the approaches to the bridge were under water.
The embankment protecting the West Taieri Plain gave way for about 3 chains (60 m) at a point near Mr Blair's farm, about 1/2 mile from Outram.
In Outram, the waters didn't come above the doorsteps.
Roads in Outram were damaged through the bursting of the river embankments.
The Riverside flag station was completely destroyed.
There was at least 4 ft (1.2 m) of water over the railway bridge.
On the 8th and 9th communication between Palmerston and various parts of the district was cut off.
At the bridge near the Palmerston Dairy Factory the approach was washed away.
Patearoa received 2.55 in (6.5 cm) of rain in the 24 hours to 5:30pm on the 8th.
Patearoa received 3 in (7.6 cm) of rain in the 30 hours from 5:30pm on the 7th till midnight on the 8th.
Heavy rain fell steadily at Raes Junction from the afternoon of the 7th.
The creeks were already very high and in places were overflowing.
The roads at several points were under water.
Ranfurly was cut off from the outside world from the 7th.
The miners were expected to sustain heavy losses.
Old residents said this was the worst flood ever experienced.
A party had to dig out old age pensioners and isolated miners from their snowed under dwellings on the 10th.
No trains had got through to Ranfurly from Rough Ridge.
There was a heavy fall of snow at St Bathans.
At 4:20pm on the 8th, snow was 20 in (51 cm) deep and still falling.
Snow was still falling at St Bathans on the 9th, with the depth approaching 3 ft (91 cm). The snow was of a very solid, heavy nature.
Everywhere sheep were under snow.
The mines were shut down and all the water races were blocked.
The kitchen roof of the Vulcan Hotel collapsed on the morning of the 10th after a heavy chimney fell.
The mail outwards and inwards was completely stopped. It was impossible to run any wheeled traffic.
Roads in Strath Taieri were damaged through the flooding of the creeks and streams feeding the Taieri River. Some access roads to grazing runs were closed to vehicular traffic.
Residents stated that the rainfall on the 8th was the heaviest experienced for many years and it was said to be the heaviest on record.
Old residents said the Silverstream had not been so high for the last quarter of a century.
The supports of the footbridge on the Wingatui-North Taieri road were washed away early on the morning of the 8th and the bridge was left hanging.
The Owhiro Creek overflowed its banks.
Near the railway station the creek submerged a road to a depth of 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m).
Wilkie's flourmill, near the railway station, stood entirely surrounded by a considerable depth of water.
Parts of properties were submerged.
The Taieri River was said to be higher than it had been since the great floods of 1878.
The phenomenal height of the Taieri was caused by the backing up of its tributaries in the lowlands, resulting in the water steadily spreading over the surface of the land.
The Taieri Plain had long stretches of water between groups of small islands. Practically the whole plain from about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Mosgiel, was under water. Ditches were bank-high and paddocks were a series of swamps.
The Owhiro-Gladfield road was impassable on both sides.
Beyond Owhiro, water was everywhere right down to the other end of Lake Waihola.
West Taieri was flooded badly. The roof of the Gladfield Railway Station appeared above the water like the shell of a gigantic turtle.
The Black bridge and the footbridge across the Silverstream were completely demolished.
About 10pm, the west bank of Taieri River burst near Mr Blair's property and the whole of West Taieri became speedily flooded.
Many people were marooned on the roofs of houses and sheds for days and nights, and people had to be rescued. A rescue boat was rowed with ease over fences. One house had water to halfway up the windows and the family was stuck in the hay loft for 24 hours. Another family spent the night in the rafters of their house.
Immense quantities of snow were clogging the mountains.
Between Mosgiel and Milton, the rise of the river was phenomenally rapid and the whole damage was caused in less than 12 hours.
The Taieri Plain was still waterlogged and partially submerged on the 10th.
There were a number of washouts at approaches to bridges. There was a gaping hole 12 ft (3.7 m) deep in the approach to the West Taieri bridge. The bridge was passable again on the 22nd.
There was debris hanging from trees along the river banks.
Stock losses on the Taieri Plain were moderate. Poultry and pigs were drowned. One farmer had 130 pigs and 20 calves drowned. Losses from Otokia downwards were fairly light, with some cattle lost and one or two horses. The water was bitterly cold, which contributed to the stock losses. Mr Murray lost 30-40 sheep and Mr Gamble lost 15 pigs and a number of fowls.
A number of crops were lost. One farmer lost 70 acres (0.28 km^2) of early wheat.
Between Waihola and Allanton there were about eight washouts on the railway line.
One farmer estimated his losses at £300 ($43,500 2008 dollars).
The greatest damage done lay in the area between Henley, Otokia, Allanton, Riverside and Outram, and from there stretching to Berwick. The worst damage around Milton and Waihola was a washed-out culvert.
The Taieri River embankment was damaged in nine places altogether, near Outram, Allanton, Momona, Otokia and Henley.
On the 14th the whole country below Momona towards Otokia was still flooded and houses were still surrounded. On the 16th, the Taieri Plain between Allanton and Otokia still presented a scene of desolation. Houses more than half submerged marked a roadway.
Some roads on the Taieri had their surface wrenched away, baring patches of stone outcrop, and yards of road metal was washed away. Considerable damage was done to county roads in West Taieri, where the floodwaters scoured out all the bridges and culverts in their track.
Large quantities of stored potatoes and fruit were ruined.
The cost of repairing the roads and bridges in the Taieri was estimated at £5000 ($724,300 2008 dollars).
From a line below Mosgiel drawn across the plain at right angles to the railway to a similar line drawn from Otokia, £1200 or £1300 ($173,800-$188,300 2008 dollars) was estimated to cover the stock losses.
In the same area as above, damage to furniture, houses and outbuildings was estimated at £600-£700 ($86,900-$101,400 2008 dollars), and damage to land, including fences, etc. was estimated at £350 ($50,700 2008 dollars) - a total of £950-£1050 ($137,600-$152,100 2008 dollars).
Within 36 hours of the rain commencing the protective banks were burst at places from Outram to Henley, and the plain was flooded at daylight on the 8th.
Whole hedge lines of trees were tilted grossly out of position by the action of floodwaters on their roots.
The new electric line to Waipori suffered severely. In one place spars were leaning far over the road.
The flood on the Taieri rose 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) higher than any previous flood.
This flood was not only a record for height but also for the damage caused to both public and private property.
The cost of the bridges and culverts destroyed on roads giving access to Crown lands was estimated at £1150 ($166,600 2008 dollars).
The silting up of the rivers and lakes caused by the deposits from the mining areas contributed to the severity of the flood.
Practically all farm work was suspended.
In the paddock where the first break in the embankment occurred the silt deposit was 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) deep.
In other places silt was spread to an average depth of about 3 in (7.6 cm).
The weather was bitterly cold, with icy winds.
Mr Gamble's family spent 12 hours trapped on the roof of their house in the rain, while the floodwaters rose and waves dashed against the window panes.
Some people suffered from cold and exposure from long hours in a wet saddle. In Berwick and Henley at least every second person was coughing. A Maungatua man developed chest trouble due to having been practically wet for almost three weeks.
There were indications that this was the highest flood yet kown on the Taieri. The water was said to be 2.5 ft (76 cm) deeper than in the flood of 1878.
Intermittent rains fell in the Waihemo district for a fortnight, culminating on the 7th in a terrific downpour. Heavy rain commenced at about 10am and continued throughout the day and night.
On the morning of the 8th the Shag River and smaller streams were in a state of high flood.
At 6am the Shag River was within 2 ft (61 cm) of the mark reached by the disastrous flood of 1892. The water commenced to recede at about noon.
Farmers in the lower Shag Valley were the principal sufferers. A Bushey farmer lost 160 ewes. Another farmer lost a valuable draught filly and about 30 sheep, another lost two cattle and another also lost some sheep.
Turnip crops suffered severely.
The roads in several parts of the county were submerged.
The total damage done to Waihemo County property was estimated at £500 ($72,400 2008 dollars).
There was heavy rain in Waikouaiti on the night of the 7th.
The racecourse and recreation grounds were completely flooded. The greater portion of Cherry Farm was under water.
The Waikouaiti River was in high flood and was rising again on the night of the 8th.
The main road was covered for several chains at each end of the Waikouaiti bridge.
At one place on the main road the water was up to 3 ft (91 cm) deep.
A number of sheep drowned on the Island Farm.
A southeasterly gale was driving the sea into the river mouth, preventing the floodwater from getting away freely.
The Taieri River was in very high flood at Waipiata at 8pm and later the streets were under water.
The river was high and stilll rising on the 9th.
On the 8th there was a heavy fall of snow on the low country around Wanaka. The snow was gradually disappearing on the 9th.
Snow was reported for 6 miles (9.7 km) on the railway line in the vicinity of Wedderburn.
The snow on the line was 4 ft (1.2 m) deep.
On the morning of the 8th, two trains got stuck in 4 ft (1.2 m) of snow 4 miles (6.4 km) on the Ranfurly side of Rough Ridge (near Wedderburn), one with 12 passengers on board. The passengers were finally rescued at about 2am on the 9th. One train got out on the afternoon of the 9th but the other one derailed.
The greater part of the Wingatui racecourse was practically under water.