NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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SevereFebruary 1940 North Island and West Coast Flooding ( 1940-02-23 )

Heavy rain caused flooding and slips in Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui and the West Coast.

North Island

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at North Island
Duration:   3  days - Heavy rain started falling in the North Island on the 23rd and flooding commenced on the 24th. Rain continued in some places until the 25th.
Comments:

CauseOn the 20th, a high centre moved to the northeast of the country, where it remained several days causing heavy rain. A disturbance approached from Tasman Sea and one of its centres developed into small but active depression. The south-eastward passage of this low brought heavy rain to central North Island. Rain occurred firstly within a long fetch of northerlies and later in a southeast flow as the low moved away.

Bay of Plenty

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whakatane
Map Location: -37.967356 176.992417
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain caused flooding on the 24th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineWashouts and flooding occurred on the road between Whakatane and Taneatua. The road to Opotiki was blocked.

Affected LifelineThe Whakatane River washed over the edge of the main street of Whakatane.

Physical CharacteristicFarmlands were flooded in places to a depth of 3 to 4ft (0.91-1.22m).

Taranaki

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taranaki
Comments:

CommentOn the 23rd, rain commenced in Taranaki. Torrential rain ended at 9.30am on the 24th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentRain swelled the rivers in the region.

Affected LifelineRoad and rail traffic was dislocated.

Damage CostDamage to county roads in province was £47,350 ($4,033,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to state highways was £29,800 ($2,538,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostMain highways £27,500 ($2,342,000 2009 dollars).

CommentWhanganui River at Patetawa had the most extreme flood since measurements commenced in 1881.

Affected LifelineAll routes to Wellington via the west coast or the centre of the island were blocked.

Affected LifelineNew Plymouth route was blocked by slips at Tongaporutu and flooding south of Mount Messenger.

Affected LifelineThe Te Kuiti to National Park route was blocked by flooding.

Affected LifelineThe Taupo to National Park route was closed.

CasualtiesNo loss of life was reported.

Stock DamageStock losses were light.

ImpactRNZAF dropped supplies to remote settlements in north Taranaki isolated by floodwaters.

FloodingFlooding at Waitotara
Map Location: -39.80567 174.72609
Comments:

ImpactWaitotara River overflowed causing severe flooding in the valley. It left one metre of silt deposits in places.

Affected LifelineWaitotara Road was impassable.

FloodingFlooding at Mangamaio
Map Location: -38.99241 174.50091
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMangamaio Stream covered a bridge to a height of 8 ft (2.44m).

Affected LifelineThe public works camp at Mangamaio was surrounded by flood waters.

FloodingFlooding at Purangi
Map Location: -39.15435 174.52534
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaitara River rose 40 ft (12m) above normal at Purangi which exceeded the previous flood record in 1905 by 5 ft (1.5m).

EvacueesResidents at Purangi were evacuated.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at New Plymouth
Map Location: -39.051214 174.06972
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 9.1cm of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 15.0cm of rain in 24 hours which has a return period of 30 years.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 2.43in (6.17cm) overnight from the 23rd to the 24th.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 3.58in (9.09cm) overnight from the 24th to the 25th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactAll streams were in high flood and parts of the town was inundated.

ImpactThe main cellar of Criterion Hotel was flooded.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth Borough Council hydro intake at Mangorei rose 4.2m.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at North Egmont
Map Location: -39.269979 174.085413
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNorth Egmont recorded 12.7cm of rain.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Awakino
Map Location: -38.65216 174.62875
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAwakino recorded 18.4cm of rain.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactSeveral houses were invaded by flood waters.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads throughout the district were blocked by flood waters and slips.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

ImpactWithin Awakino Valley 54 slips occurred.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Inglewood
Map Location: -39.163073 174.187246
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicInglewood recorded 5.94cm of rain overnight on the 23rd.

FloodingFlooding at Uruti
Map Location: -38.94644 174.52833
Comments:

Affected LifelineUruti was Isolated by floodwaters.

Affected LifelineA huge washout occurred that was 30ft (9.14m) wide.

Affected LifelineTelegraph and telephone lines to the north were down.

Affected LifelineUruti Road was flooded to a depth of two feet (0.61m) and two miles north of Uruti Road the road was impassable to light cars.

FloodingFlooding at Stratford
Map Location: -39.343721 174.267614
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaitara River was estimated to be 20-30ft (6.1-9.1m) above normal.

Affected LifelineAll roads between Purangi and Stratford were blocked by flood water.

ImpactRising streams inundated low-lying areas and scoured out sections of roads.

Affected LifelineThe highway to Mangaotuku was covered in 20 places.

Affected LifelineThe decking of the suspension bridge over Waitara River on Tunupo Road was washed away.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main trunk railway from Stratford was blocked by washouts and a large slip between Whangamomona and Ohakukura and suffered some damage.

Affected LifelineThere were two slips between Tangarakau and Heao and two more between Heao and Mangaparo over the railway line.

LandslideLandslide at Strathmore
Map Location: -39.27661 174.56798
Comments:

Affected LifelineA slip blocked the main road from Strathmore to Tahora.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whangamomona
Map Location: -39.14497 174.73879
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhangamomona recorded 22.9cm of rain over 24 hour which has a return period of 130 years.

Affected LifelineAll side roads in the Whangamomona County were blocked.

Affected LifelineThe rail line between Whangamomona and Okahukura was believed to be the most affected.

Affected LifelineRailway telephone lines were down from Whangamomona north.

FloodingFlooding at Douglas
Map Location: -39.3084 174.46671
Comments:

Affected LifelineWater flowed across many sections of road between Kiore and Douglas.

Affected LifelineMaikuri stream covered the highway between Douglas and the Strathmore saddle.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mount Messenger
Map Location: -38.89383 174.59454
Comments:

CommentRain started at 6pm on the 23rd.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactBetween Mount Messenger and Mohakatino, there was water almost to the rooftops of houses.

ImpactWhares were swept away.

Affected LifelineThe road from Mokau to Mt Messenger was covered with 23 slips and at the north side of tunnel on Mt Messenger there was about 10 large slips.

FloodingFlooding at Okau
Map Location: -38.87178 174.64537
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Okau junction two stores were surrounded by water. The water was 2ft (0.61m) high in one store.

CommentResidents described it as the biggest flood for 50 years.

FloodingFlooding at Mohakatino Hill
Map Location: -38.78074 174.91527
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt the base of Mohakatino Hill there was a stretch of water right across road.

FloodingFlooding at Tongaporutu River
Map Location: -38.82255 174.59839
Comments:

ImpactThe Tongaporutu River broke its banks.

FloodingFlooding at Ahititi
Map Location: -38.86025 174.60193
Comments:

ImpactA house was almost submerged at Ahititi.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tangarakau
Map Location: -39.01886 174.86223
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTangarakau recorded 21.8cm of rain in 24 hours which has a return period of over 150 years.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Manawatu-Wanganui
Comments:

CommentOn the 24th heavy rain fell along coastal regions and inland over a wide portion of King Counry and National Park. It caused a rise in Wanganui River and other west coast rivers.

CommentThe rainfall ended at 9am on the 25th and it had been the heaviest rainfall since the 2nd of March 1912.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentIt was the third major flood in half of a century and equalled the 1904 flood.

ImpactThere was interruptions to road and rail networks throughout Wanganui, with extensive flooding, slips, wash outs and property damage.

DamageConsiderable damage done to Wanganui city and the surrounding districts.

EvacueesIn the district over 100 homes were evacuated and 70 others were surrounded.

Physical CharacteristicWater in some dwellings was between two and three feet (0.61-0.91m) deep.

Affected LifelineMain highway north and south was obstructed by slips and washouts and the Main Trunk Railway was similarly affected.

Affected LifelineAlmost every road in Kaitieke, Taumarunui and Ohura counties were blocked with slips and washouts.

ImpactWaitotara Valley experienced severe flooding.

Affected LifelineThree of the Rangitikei County bridges were washed away as well as the Hautawa bridge.

Stock DamageValuable stock was lost.

Damage CostThe damage to county roads and bridges was £25,600 ($2,181,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe total road damage for the flood event was £180,000 ($15,333,000 2009 dollars).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

ImpactThere was approximately 11,000 cubic yards of material in slips removed.

FloodingFlooding at Whanganui River
Map Location: -39.804402 175.120908
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Whanganui River rose 14 ft (4.27m) at the junction with Ongarue River.

Peak DischargeWhanganui River had a peak discharge of 174,500 cusecs (4941 cumecs).

Physical CharacteristicOn the 25th Whanganui River had a discharge of 204,763 cusecs (5798 cumecs) at the Paetawa Recorder. This was the highest flow in over 100 years at Paetawa.

FloodingFlooding at Pipikiri
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Pipiriki there was an estimated 60 ft (18.3m) rise in the narrow reaches of the Whanganui River which was 4 ft (1.22m) higher than the flood in 1904 flood. There was large quantities of silt deposited.

Affected LifelineDamage on the Wanganui River road (Pipiriki to Wanganui) consisted mainly of washouts, with a few slips in sections. On the Raetihi-Pipiriki road, ten large slips occurred between Raetihi and Half Moon bridge. A large washout occurred 3 miles (4.8 km) in from Pipiriki. It was expected to be a fortnight before a horse track could be opened through the road.

ImpactThe low level bridge near the old flourmill at Pipiriki was covered with water and the road was heavily silted.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitikei River
Map Location: -39.758799 175.850983
Comments:

Peak DischargeRangitikei River was in high flood with a peak discharge of 43,000 cusecs (1218 cumecs) at Kakariki.

ImpactAt Flock House a large area of land was inundated when the river topped its banks.

FloodingFlooding at Whangaehu
Map Location: -40.009345 175.171274
Comments:

ImpactWhangaehu Valley was a sea of water. The river overtopped it banks, causing damage to farms and property.

Affected LifelineWhangaehu Hotel was surrounded by floodwaters and the road was impassable.

FloodingFlooding at Turakina River
Map Location: -40.05336 175.19262
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTurakina River rose 20 ft (6.1m) in one hour and extensive flooding occurred adjacent to the river.

Affected LifelineThree bridges were washed away including Morton's suspension bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Jerusalem
Map Location: -39.55091 175.07809
Comments:

ImpactAt Jerusalem, silt was deposited above the road level and 40 ft (12.2m) above the river.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Raetihi
Map Location: -39.42554 175.27633
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRaetihi recorded 4.07 in (10.34cm) of rain in 12 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineFour bridges were washed away.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taumarunui
Map Location: -38.880217 175.262459
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTaumarunui recorded 5.8 in (14.73cm) of rain in 24 hours.

CommentRain fell from 9pm on the 23rd to 10pm on the 24th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineAppalling damage was done to roads in the district.

DamageA hut was washed away.

Affected LifelineLights failed and telephone communication was interrupted.

ImpactOne of the Wanganui River steamers sailed over the top of a bridge and into a garden.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River rose approximately 10 ft (3.05m) above normal at Taumarunui and overflowed its banks, flooding a wide area.

Damage CostIn the Taumarunui district damage to main highways was £18,480 ($1,574,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe damage to state highways was £29,800 ($2,538,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe total damage done to Taumarunui roads was £48,000 ($4,089,000 2009 dollars).

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 54,580 cusecs (1546 cumecs) at Manunui at Ellis and Burnard's Bridge.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 57,480 cusecs (1628 cumecs) at Matapuna road and railway bridge.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 57,800 cusecs (1637 cumecs) at Victory Bridge.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 81,000 cusecs (2294 cumecs) at Te Maire Bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Matiere
Map Location: -38.76383 175.09667
Comments:

Affected LifelineMatiere township was isolated.

FloodingFlooding at Kakahi
Map Location: -38.93384 175.39346
Comments:

ImpactA four bedroom house was washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Piraiki
Comments:

ImpactA motor car and a half-ton truck was swept away by the flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taihape
Map Location: -39.67943 175.780024
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTaihape recorded 3.17 in (8.05cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tangarakau
Map Location: -39.019136 174.862123
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTangarakau recorded 22.1cm of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wanganui
Map Location: -39.932232 175.028352
Comments:

CommentRain fell in coastal regions and inland over a wide portion of the King Country and the high lands of the National Park.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentWhanganui River broke its banks at Wanganui.

Physical CharacteristicTaupo Quay flooded to depth of two to three feet (0.61-0.91m).

ImpactWarehouses along Taupo Quay, private residences along Anzac Parade, the Avenue and the fronting to the Wanganui East Esplanade were flooded.

DamageThe Wanganui Gravel Company's metal dredge on Wanganui River broke away, swept downstream and smashed into the New Zealand Refrigerating Company's wharf. Approximately 100ft of the wharf at collapsed and it was estimated that it would take atleast one month to repair the damage.

Affected LifelineThe railway yards were flooded.

Affected LifelineThere were washouts and slips on inland roads.

Affected LifelineSeveral bridges were washed away.

Affected LifelineSlips and washouts on the Main Trunk line caused dislocation to trains. Between Stratford and Ohakurua the railway line was blocked.

Affected LifelineBetween Wanganui and Wellington the highway there was water to a depth of 8 ft (2.44m).

ImpactA number of dinghies and flatties were swept from their moorings and taken out to sea and at least two launches were lost.

ImpactSeveral houses along the banks of Wanganui River flooded.

ImpactFloodwaters invaded the new portion of the Wanganui City Councils motor camp at Aramoho Park. McGregor Park was flooded to depth of several feet.

Physical CharacteristicA house was flooded to depth of 4.5 ft (1.37m) and two houses in Anzac Parade were flooded to depth of 3 - 3.5 ft (0.91-1.07m).

DamageConsiderable damage was done to the interiors and silt deposits were left in houses.

ImpactMarket gardens between Nixons Creek and Dublin City bridge were several feet underwater.

DamageThe flood washed away a house, two shops, the sale yards and the cattle wharf on the Taylorville side of the town bridge.

CommentWaters in the lower levels of the Whanganui and Wangaehu Rivers swelled rapidly.

DamageMany valuable trees and plants in the Riverside Esplanade were ruined.

FloodingFlooding at Ruatiti
Map Location: -39.28074 175.19302
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was much damage caused to roads and bridges in the Ruatiti and Mangatiti districts with many of them badly blocked by slips.

Affected LifelineMore than 100 settlers in the Ruatiti district were isolated because the Manganui-a-Teao bridge was washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Ohura
Map Location: -38.84055 174.98159
Comments:

Affected Lifeline40 to 50 people were marooned on the Okau to Ohura road and the main Ohura road was blocked.

Physical CharacteristicThe river through township rose 20 ft (12m) causing extensive flooding in the area and through the township.

FloodingFlooding at Ongarue River
Map Location: -38.71607 175.28595
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOngarue River had a discharge of 18,450 cusecs (522 cumecs) at Taringamotu Bridge with a catchment area of 330 sq miles (855km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Matahiwi Landing
Map Location: -39.60868 175.15465
Comments:

ImpactA large woolshed on the river flat near the Matahiwi Landing was swept away in the flood.

West Coast

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at West Coast
Duration:   4  days - There was two months continual rain before a heavy steady downpour resulted in widespread flooding from the 23rd to the 26th. Rainfall was greatest in the alps and the headwaters of rivers.
Comments:
Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

DamageSlips and washouts prevalent in Westland and other parts of the West Coast.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentAt Ahaura, Totara Flat and Ngahere record levels were recorded in the Ahaura and Grey Rivers.

Damage CostDamage estimated at £100,000 ($8,518,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Westland roads was £3,000 ($255,500 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Westland main highways was £2,200 ($187,400 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Grey roads was £3,000 ($255,500 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Grey main highways was £580 ($49,400 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Buller roads was £500 ($42,600 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Buller main highways was £90 ($7670 2009 dollars).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Lewis Pass route was blocked by series of washouts and slips.

FloodingFlooding at Lake Rotoroa
Map Location: -41.79466 172.59414
Comments:

Peak DischargePeak discharge at the Lake Rotoroa outfall was 4700 cusecs (133 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Buller District
Comments:

DamageFloods were fairly widespread in the Buller district over the 23rd to the 24th and the damage was extensive.

Affected LifelineKaramea River was in high flood and Little Wanganui and Oparara Rivers overflowed their river banks flooding the road.

Affected LifelineThere were washouts and slips blocked some roads.

ImpactThe river at Hgakawau cut through the shingle bank and ran straight through to the sea.

CasualtiesOn the 24th a 38 year old man disappeared when he tried to cross a bridge in his car. The approach had been washed away at the far end and he crashed into the swollen stream.

Affected LifelineThere were slips on the highway from Westport to Karamea which blocked the road

FloodingFlooding at Westport
Map Location: -41.750212 171.582563
Comments:

Affected LifelineLowland and the road in the vicinity of the Orowaiti River inundated to a depth of some feet.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGreymouth recorded 2.73 in (6.93cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Peak DischargeGrey River had a peak discharge of 186,700 cusecs (5288 cumecs) at Brunner Gorge with a catchment area of 1470 sq miles (3807 km^2).

Physical CharacteristicGrey River rose 20 ft (6.1m) above normal at Brunner Gorge and had a flow of 10 knots (18.5km/hr).

Affected LifelineFloodwaters invaded Greymouth, causing some damage to the streets.

DamageWater flowed across top of wharf and several houses in Cobden were flooded with some damage done.

FloodingFlooding at Ahaura River
Map Location: -42.491019 171.801131
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAhaura River had a discharge of 88,900 cusecs (2517 cumecs) at the Greymouth to Reefton State Highway Bridge with a catchment area of 340 sq miles (881 km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHokitikia River was in heavy flood and had a discharge of 160,000 cusecs (4531 cumecs) at Kanieri Bridge with a catchment area of 445 sq miles (1153 km^2).

Affected LifelineThe streets of Hokitikia flooded.

FloodingFlooding at Arahura River
Map Location: -42.733833 171.117357
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArahura River had a discharge of 44,200 cusecs (1252 cumecs) at Railway Bridge with a catchment area of 120 sq miles (311 km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Kumara
Map Location: -42.630541 171.188174
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTaramakau River had a discharge of 89,200 cusecs (2526 cumecs) at Kumara Highway Bridge (float measurement) with a catchment area of 370 sq miles (958 km^2).

Affected LifelineSeveral bridges were washed away including the Kumara Traffic Bridge.

CommentAt Otira the downpour was accompanied by an electrical storm.

Peak Wind SpeedThe peak wind speed velocities reached between 90-100 mph (145-161 km/hr).

Affected LifelineThe Karanagarua River Bridge suffered severe damage when a large section of the approach was washed out.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineA landslide completely obliterated the road and railway at Jacksons for a distance 2-3 chains (40-60m). A slip buried both railway bridge and road culvert at Nellies Creek and there were several other minor slips in the area.

FloodingFlooding at Blackball
Map Location: -42.359762 171.413972
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe combined road and rail bridge from Ngahere to Blackball was pushed out of alignment and sank four feet (1.22m).

References

Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Hydrology Annual No.3 1955, Soil Consrvation and River Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
New Zealand Evacuations from 1 January 1886 to 1 January 2000
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Headline: Wide damage in floods.
Otago Daily Times, 29 February 1940.
Owen, R.E. (1960). Hydrology Annual, No.4, 1956. Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Headline: Torrential Rain, Floods over North Rd.
Taranaki Herald, 24 February 1940.
Headline: Crash into Stream.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Damage to roads, slips and washouts.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Febraury Flood, Disastor Narrowly Averted.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: House washed away, flooding near Taumarunui.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Houses engulfed, travellers nightmare journey.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Main Trunk Hold-Ups.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Severe flooding, main highway blocked.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Untold damage, floods in Wanganui District.
Taranaki Herald, 28 February 1940.
The Press,29/02/1940, Flood Damage, Heavy Repair work ahead
Headline: Flooding leaves mess, damage.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 12 march 1990.
Headline: Imlay Wharf Damaged.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Property Saved, Home Inundated.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Wanganui River in flood invades Taupo Quay and Anzac Parade.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Water Enters Houses, Havoc In Anzac Parade.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.

SevereFebruary 1940 North Island and West Coast Flooding ( 1940-02-23 )

Heavy rain caused flooding and slips in Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui and the West Coast.

North Island

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at North Island
Duration:   3  days - Heavy rain started falling in the North Island on the 23rd and flooding commenced on the 24th. Rain continued in some places until the 25th.
Comments:

CauseOn the 20th, a high centre moved to the northeast of the country, where it remained several days causing heavy rain. A disturbance approached from Tasman Sea and one of its centres developed into small but active depression. The south-eastward passage of this low brought heavy rain to central North Island. Rain occurred firstly within a long fetch of northerlies and later in a southeast flow as the low moved away.

Bay of Plenty

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whakatane
Map Location: -37.967356 176.992417
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain caused flooding on the 24th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineWashouts and flooding occurred on the road between Whakatane and Taneatua. The road to Opotiki was blocked.

Affected LifelineThe Whakatane River washed over the edge of the main street of Whakatane.

Physical CharacteristicFarmlands were flooded in places to a depth of 3 to 4ft (0.91-1.22m).

Taranaki

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taranaki
Comments:

CommentOn the 23rd, rain commenced in Taranaki. Torrential rain ended at 9.30am on the 24th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentRain swelled the rivers in the region.

Affected LifelineRoad and rail traffic was dislocated.

Damage CostDamage to county roads in province was £47,350 ($4,033,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to state highways was £29,800 ($2,538,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostMain highways £27,500 ($2,342,000 2009 dollars).

CommentWhanganui River at Patetawa had the most extreme flood since measurements commenced in 1881.

Affected LifelineAll routes to Wellington via the west coast or the centre of the island were blocked.

Affected LifelineNew Plymouth route was blocked by slips at Tongaporutu and flooding south of Mount Messenger.

Affected LifelineThe Te Kuiti to National Park route was blocked by flooding.

Affected LifelineThe Taupo to National Park route was closed.

CasualtiesNo loss of life was reported.

Stock DamageStock losses were light.

ImpactRNZAF dropped supplies to remote settlements in north Taranaki isolated by floodwaters.

FloodingFlooding at Waitotara
Map Location: -39.80567 174.72609
Comments:

ImpactWaitotara River overflowed causing severe flooding in the valley. It left one metre of silt deposits in places.

Affected LifelineWaitotara Road was impassable.

FloodingFlooding at Mangamaio
Map Location: -38.99241 174.50091
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMangamaio Stream covered a bridge to a height of 8 ft (2.44m).

Affected LifelineThe public works camp at Mangamaio was surrounded by flood waters.

FloodingFlooding at Purangi
Map Location: -39.15435 174.52534
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaitara River rose 40 ft (12m) above normal at Purangi which exceeded the previous flood record in 1905 by 5 ft (1.5m).

EvacueesResidents at Purangi were evacuated.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at New Plymouth
Map Location: -39.051214 174.06972
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 9.1cm of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 15.0cm of rain in 24 hours which has a return period of 30 years.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 2.43in (6.17cm) overnight from the 23rd to the 24th.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth recorded 3.58in (9.09cm) overnight from the 24th to the 25th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactAll streams were in high flood and parts of the town was inundated.

ImpactThe main cellar of Criterion Hotel was flooded.

Physical CharacteristicNew Plymouth Borough Council hydro intake at Mangorei rose 4.2m.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at North Egmont
Map Location: -39.269979 174.085413
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNorth Egmont recorded 12.7cm of rain.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Awakino
Map Location: -38.65216 174.62875
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAwakino recorded 18.4cm of rain.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactSeveral houses were invaded by flood waters.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads throughout the district were blocked by flood waters and slips.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

ImpactWithin Awakino Valley 54 slips occurred.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Inglewood
Map Location: -39.163073 174.187246
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicInglewood recorded 5.94cm of rain overnight on the 23rd.

FloodingFlooding at Uruti
Map Location: -38.94644 174.52833
Comments:

Affected LifelineUruti was Isolated by floodwaters.

Affected LifelineA huge washout occurred that was 30ft (9.14m) wide.

Affected LifelineTelegraph and telephone lines to the north were down.

Affected LifelineUruti Road was flooded to a depth of two feet (0.61m) and two miles north of Uruti Road the road was impassable to light cars.

FloodingFlooding at Stratford
Map Location: -39.343721 174.267614
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaitara River was estimated to be 20-30ft (6.1-9.1m) above normal.

Affected LifelineAll roads between Purangi and Stratford were blocked by flood water.

ImpactRising streams inundated low-lying areas and scoured out sections of roads.

Affected LifelineThe highway to Mangaotuku was covered in 20 places.

Affected LifelineThe decking of the suspension bridge over Waitara River on Tunupo Road was washed away.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main trunk railway from Stratford was blocked by washouts and a large slip between Whangamomona and Ohakukura and suffered some damage.

Affected LifelineThere were two slips between Tangarakau and Heao and two more between Heao and Mangaparo over the railway line.

LandslideLandslide at Strathmore
Map Location: -39.27661 174.56798
Comments:

Affected LifelineA slip blocked the main road from Strathmore to Tahora.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whangamomona
Map Location: -39.14497 174.73879
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhangamomona recorded 22.9cm of rain over 24 hour which has a return period of 130 years.

Affected LifelineAll side roads in the Whangamomona County were blocked.

Affected LifelineThe rail line between Whangamomona and Okahukura was believed to be the most affected.

Affected LifelineRailway telephone lines were down from Whangamomona north.

FloodingFlooding at Douglas
Map Location: -39.3084 174.46671
Comments:

Affected LifelineWater flowed across many sections of road between Kiore and Douglas.

Affected LifelineMaikuri stream covered the highway between Douglas and the Strathmore saddle.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mount Messenger
Map Location: -38.89383 174.59454
Comments:

CommentRain started at 6pm on the 23rd.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactBetween Mount Messenger and Mohakatino, there was water almost to the rooftops of houses.

ImpactWhares were swept away.

Affected LifelineThe road from Mokau to Mt Messenger was covered with 23 slips and at the north side of tunnel on Mt Messenger there was about 10 large slips.

FloodingFlooding at Okau
Map Location: -38.87178 174.64537
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Okau junction two stores were surrounded by water. The water was 2ft (0.61m) high in one store.

CommentResidents described it as the biggest flood for 50 years.

FloodingFlooding at Mohakatino Hill
Map Location: -38.78074 174.91527
Comments:

Affected LifelineAt the base of Mohakatino Hill there was a stretch of water right across road.

FloodingFlooding at Tongaporutu River
Map Location: -38.82255 174.59839
Comments:

ImpactThe Tongaporutu River broke its banks.

FloodingFlooding at Ahititi
Map Location: -38.86025 174.60193
Comments:

ImpactA house was almost submerged at Ahititi.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tangarakau
Map Location: -39.01886 174.86223
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTangarakau recorded 21.8cm of rain in 24 hours which has a return period of over 150 years.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Manawatu-Wanganui
Comments:

CommentOn the 24th heavy rain fell along coastal regions and inland over a wide portion of King Counry and National Park. It caused a rise in Wanganui River and other west coast rivers.

CommentThe rainfall ended at 9am on the 25th and it had been the heaviest rainfall since the 2nd of March 1912.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentIt was the third major flood in half of a century and equalled the 1904 flood.

ImpactThere was interruptions to road and rail networks throughout Wanganui, with extensive flooding, slips, wash outs and property damage.

DamageConsiderable damage done to Wanganui city and the surrounding districts.

EvacueesIn the district over 100 homes were evacuated and 70 others were surrounded.

Physical CharacteristicWater in some dwellings was between two and three feet (0.61-0.91m) deep.

Affected LifelineMain highway north and south was obstructed by slips and washouts and the Main Trunk Railway was similarly affected.

Affected LifelineAlmost every road in Kaitieke, Taumarunui and Ohura counties were blocked with slips and washouts.

ImpactWaitotara Valley experienced severe flooding.

Affected LifelineThree of the Rangitikei County bridges were washed away as well as the Hautawa bridge.

Stock DamageValuable stock was lost.

Damage CostThe damage to county roads and bridges was £25,600 ($2,181,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe total road damage for the flood event was £180,000 ($15,333,000 2009 dollars).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

ImpactThere was approximately 11,000 cubic yards of material in slips removed.

FloodingFlooding at Whanganui River
Map Location: -39.804402 175.120908
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Whanganui River rose 14 ft (4.27m) at the junction with Ongarue River.

Peak DischargeWhanganui River had a peak discharge of 174,500 cusecs (4941 cumecs).

Physical CharacteristicOn the 25th Whanganui River had a discharge of 204,763 cusecs (5798 cumecs) at the Paetawa Recorder. This was the highest flow in over 100 years at Paetawa.

FloodingFlooding at Pipikiri
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAt Pipiriki there was an estimated 60 ft (18.3m) rise in the narrow reaches of the Whanganui River which was 4 ft (1.22m) higher than the flood in 1904 flood. There was large quantities of silt deposited.

Affected LifelineDamage on the Wanganui River road (Pipiriki to Wanganui) consisted mainly of washouts, with a few slips in sections. On the Raetihi-Pipiriki road, ten large slips occurred between Raetihi and Half Moon bridge. A large washout occurred 3 miles (4.8 km) in from Pipiriki. It was expected to be a fortnight before a horse track could be opened through the road.

ImpactThe low level bridge near the old flourmill at Pipiriki was covered with water and the road was heavily silted.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitikei River
Map Location: -39.758799 175.850983
Comments:

Peak DischargeRangitikei River was in high flood with a peak discharge of 43,000 cusecs (1218 cumecs) at Kakariki.

ImpactAt Flock House a large area of land was inundated when the river topped its banks.

FloodingFlooding at Whangaehu
Map Location: -40.009345 175.171274
Comments:

ImpactWhangaehu Valley was a sea of water. The river overtopped it banks, causing damage to farms and property.

Affected LifelineWhangaehu Hotel was surrounded by floodwaters and the road was impassable.

FloodingFlooding at Turakina River
Map Location: -40.05336 175.19262
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTurakina River rose 20 ft (6.1m) in one hour and extensive flooding occurred adjacent to the river.

Affected LifelineThree bridges were washed away including Morton's suspension bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Jerusalem
Map Location: -39.55091 175.07809
Comments:

ImpactAt Jerusalem, silt was deposited above the road level and 40 ft (12.2m) above the river.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Raetihi
Map Location: -39.42554 175.27633
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRaetihi recorded 4.07 in (10.34cm) of rain in 12 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineFour bridges were washed away.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taumarunui
Map Location: -38.880217 175.262459
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTaumarunui recorded 5.8 in (14.73cm) of rain in 24 hours.

CommentRain fell from 9pm on the 23rd to 10pm on the 24th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineAppalling damage was done to roads in the district.

DamageA hut was washed away.

Affected LifelineLights failed and telephone communication was interrupted.

ImpactOne of the Wanganui River steamers sailed over the top of a bridge and into a garden.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River rose approximately 10 ft (3.05m) above normal at Taumarunui and overflowed its banks, flooding a wide area.

Damage CostIn the Taumarunui district damage to main highways was £18,480 ($1,574,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe damage to state highways was £29,800 ($2,538,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe total damage done to Taumarunui roads was £48,000 ($4,089,000 2009 dollars).

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 54,580 cusecs (1546 cumecs) at Manunui at Ellis and Burnard's Bridge.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 57,480 cusecs (1628 cumecs) at Matapuna road and railway bridge.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 57,800 cusecs (1637 cumecs) at Victory Bridge.

Physical CharacteristicWhanganui River had a discharge of 81,000 cusecs (2294 cumecs) at Te Maire Bridge.

FloodingFlooding at Matiere
Map Location: -38.76383 175.09667
Comments:

Affected LifelineMatiere township was isolated.

FloodingFlooding at Kakahi
Map Location: -38.93384 175.39346
Comments:

ImpactA four bedroom house was washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Piraiki
Comments:

ImpactA motor car and a half-ton truck was swept away by the flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taihape
Map Location: -39.67943 175.780024
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTaihape recorded 3.17 in (8.05cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tangarakau
Map Location: -39.019136 174.862123
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTangarakau recorded 22.1cm of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wanganui
Map Location: -39.932232 175.028352
Comments:

CommentRain fell in coastal regions and inland over a wide portion of the King Country and the high lands of the National Park.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentWhanganui River broke its banks at Wanganui.

Physical CharacteristicTaupo Quay flooded to depth of two to three feet (0.61-0.91m).

ImpactWarehouses along Taupo Quay, private residences along Anzac Parade, the Avenue and the fronting to the Wanganui East Esplanade were flooded.

DamageThe Wanganui Gravel Company's metal dredge on Wanganui River broke away, swept downstream and smashed into the New Zealand Refrigerating Company's wharf. Approximately 100ft of the wharf at collapsed and it was estimated that it would take atleast one month to repair the damage.

Affected LifelineThe railway yards were flooded.

Affected LifelineThere were washouts and slips on inland roads.

Affected LifelineSeveral bridges were washed away.

Affected LifelineSlips and washouts on the Main Trunk line caused dislocation to trains. Between Stratford and Ohakurua the railway line was blocked.

Affected LifelineBetween Wanganui and Wellington the highway there was water to a depth of 8 ft (2.44m).

ImpactA number of dinghies and flatties were swept from their moorings and taken out to sea and at least two launches were lost.

ImpactSeveral houses along the banks of Wanganui River flooded.

ImpactFloodwaters invaded the new portion of the Wanganui City Councils motor camp at Aramoho Park. McGregor Park was flooded to depth of several feet.

Physical CharacteristicA house was flooded to depth of 4.5 ft (1.37m) and two houses in Anzac Parade were flooded to depth of 3 - 3.5 ft (0.91-1.07m).

DamageConsiderable damage was done to the interiors and silt deposits were left in houses.

ImpactMarket gardens between Nixons Creek and Dublin City bridge were several feet underwater.

DamageThe flood washed away a house, two shops, the sale yards and the cattle wharf on the Taylorville side of the town bridge.

CommentWaters in the lower levels of the Whanganui and Wangaehu Rivers swelled rapidly.

DamageMany valuable trees and plants in the Riverside Esplanade were ruined.

FloodingFlooding at Ruatiti
Map Location: -39.28074 175.19302
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was much damage caused to roads and bridges in the Ruatiti and Mangatiti districts with many of them badly blocked by slips.

Affected LifelineMore than 100 settlers in the Ruatiti district were isolated because the Manganui-a-Teao bridge was washed away.

FloodingFlooding at Ohura
Map Location: -38.84055 174.98159
Comments:

Affected Lifeline40 to 50 people were marooned on the Okau to Ohura road and the main Ohura road was blocked.

Physical CharacteristicThe river through township rose 20 ft (12m) causing extensive flooding in the area and through the township.

FloodingFlooding at Ongarue River
Map Location: -38.71607 175.28595
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOngarue River had a discharge of 18,450 cusecs (522 cumecs) at Taringamotu Bridge with a catchment area of 330 sq miles (855km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Matahiwi Landing
Map Location: -39.60868 175.15465
Comments:

ImpactA large woolshed on the river flat near the Matahiwi Landing was swept away in the flood.

West Coast

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at West Coast
Duration:   4  days - There was two months continual rain before a heavy steady downpour resulted in widespread flooding from the 23rd to the 26th. Rainfall was greatest in the alps and the headwaters of rivers.
Comments:
Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

DamageSlips and washouts prevalent in Westland and other parts of the West Coast.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentAt Ahaura, Totara Flat and Ngahere record levels were recorded in the Ahaura and Grey Rivers.

Damage CostDamage estimated at £100,000 ($8,518,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Westland roads was £3,000 ($255,500 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Westland main highways was £2,200 ($187,400 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Grey roads was £3,000 ($255,500 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Grey main highways was £580 ($49,400 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Buller roads was £500 ($42,600 2009 dollars).

Damage CostDamage to Buller main highways was £90 ($7670 2009 dollars).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Lewis Pass route was blocked by series of washouts and slips.

FloodingFlooding at Lake Rotoroa
Map Location: -41.79466 172.59414
Comments:

Peak DischargePeak discharge at the Lake Rotoroa outfall was 4700 cusecs (133 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Buller District
Comments:

DamageFloods were fairly widespread in the Buller district over the 23rd to the 24th and the damage was extensive.

Affected LifelineKaramea River was in high flood and Little Wanganui and Oparara Rivers overflowed their river banks flooding the road.

Affected LifelineThere were washouts and slips blocked some roads.

ImpactThe river at Hgakawau cut through the shingle bank and ran straight through to the sea.

CasualtiesOn the 24th a 38 year old man disappeared when he tried to cross a bridge in his car. The approach had been washed away at the far end and he crashed into the swollen stream.

Affected LifelineThere were slips on the highway from Westport to Karamea which blocked the road

FloodingFlooding at Westport
Map Location: -41.750212 171.582563
Comments:

Affected LifelineLowland and the road in the vicinity of the Orowaiti River inundated to a depth of some feet.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGreymouth recorded 2.73 in (6.93cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Peak DischargeGrey River had a peak discharge of 186,700 cusecs (5288 cumecs) at Brunner Gorge with a catchment area of 1470 sq miles (3807 km^2).

Physical CharacteristicGrey River rose 20 ft (6.1m) above normal at Brunner Gorge and had a flow of 10 knots (18.5km/hr).

Affected LifelineFloodwaters invaded Greymouth, causing some damage to the streets.

DamageWater flowed across top of wharf and several houses in Cobden were flooded with some damage done.

FloodingFlooding at Ahaura River
Map Location: -42.491019 171.801131
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAhaura River had a discharge of 88,900 cusecs (2517 cumecs) at the Greymouth to Reefton State Highway Bridge with a catchment area of 340 sq miles (881 km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHokitikia River was in heavy flood and had a discharge of 160,000 cusecs (4531 cumecs) at Kanieri Bridge with a catchment area of 445 sq miles (1153 km^2).

Affected LifelineThe streets of Hokitikia flooded.

FloodingFlooding at Arahura River
Map Location: -42.733833 171.117357
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArahura River had a discharge of 44,200 cusecs (1252 cumecs) at Railway Bridge with a catchment area of 120 sq miles (311 km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Kumara
Map Location: -42.630541 171.188174
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTaramakau River had a discharge of 89,200 cusecs (2526 cumecs) at Kumara Highway Bridge (float measurement) with a catchment area of 370 sq miles (958 km^2).

Affected LifelineSeveral bridges were washed away including the Kumara Traffic Bridge.

CommentAt Otira the downpour was accompanied by an electrical storm.

Peak Wind SpeedThe peak wind speed velocities reached between 90-100 mph (145-161 km/hr).

Affected LifelineThe Karanagarua River Bridge suffered severe damage when a large section of the approach was washed out.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineA landslide completely obliterated the road and railway at Jacksons for a distance 2-3 chains (40-60m). A slip buried both railway bridge and road culvert at Nellies Creek and there were several other minor slips in the area.

FloodingFlooding at Blackball
Map Location: -42.359762 171.413972
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe combined road and rail bridge from Ngahere to Blackball was pushed out of alignment and sank four feet (1.22m).

References

Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Hydrology Annual No.3 1955, Soil Consrvation and River Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
New Zealand Evacuations from 1 January 1886 to 1 January 2000
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Headline: Wide damage in floods.
Otago Daily Times, 29 February 1940.
Owen, R.E. (1960). Hydrology Annual, No.4, 1956. Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Headline: Torrential Rain, Floods over North Rd.
Taranaki Herald, 24 February 1940.
Headline: Crash into Stream.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Damage to roads, slips and washouts.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Febraury Flood, Disastor Narrowly Averted.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: House washed away, flooding near Taumarunui.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Houses engulfed, travellers nightmare journey.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Main Trunk Hold-Ups.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Severe flooding, main highway blocked.
Taranaki Herald, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Untold damage, floods in Wanganui District.
Taranaki Herald, 28 February 1940.
The Press,29/02/1940, Flood Damage, Heavy Repair work ahead
Headline: Flooding leaves mess, damage.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 12 march 1990.
Headline: Imlay Wharf Damaged.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Property Saved, Home Inundated.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Wanganui River in flood invades Taupo Quay and Anzac Parade.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.
Headline: Water Enters Houses, Havoc In Anzac Parade.
The Wanganui Chronicle, 26 February 1940.