NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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SevereFebruary 1938 Eastern North Island Flooding ( 1938-02-18 )

High intensity rainfall and a vivid electrical storm brought extraordinary floods to the area within a 30 mile (48 km) radius of Gisborne. 21 lives were lost when the Kopuawhara Stream rose rapidly and wiped out Kopuawhara No.4 workers camp. Another life was lost in Boyd's Camp near Muriwai.

New Zealand

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at New Zealand
Duration:   2  days - From the 18th to the 19th of February 1938.
Comments:

CausePressures were high to the south of New Zealand and low to the north, with north-east flow over the North Island. A mesoscale low developed off Gisborne within this flow, then moved southwards. There was torrential rain from East Cape to Hawkes Bay and southwards to Cook Strait. Electrical activity was a major contributor to heavy rain.

Bay of Plenty

FloodingFlooding at Opotiki
Map Location: -38.005993 177.293236
Comments:

CasualtiesOn the 18th a 15 year old girl was believed to have drowned in the the Otara River.

Gisborne

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Gisborne
Comments:

CommentHigh intensity rainfall and a vivid electrical storm brought extraordinary floods to the area within a 30 mile (48 km) radius of Gisborne. Rainfall was confined to tops of ridges, 4 miles (6 km) and 12 miles (19 km) to the north and south of Gisborne.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

ImpactRidges had only grassland cover and the heavy rain caused considerable scour. Large boulders, logs, stumps and other debris were transported onto the downstream grass flats.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Damage CostThe total damage to roads in the Gisborne district was £43,800 ($4,000,000 2009 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Arakihi station
Map Location: -38.39568 178.11205
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArakihi Station recorded 8.12 in (20.62 cm) of rain on the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Gisborne City
Map Location: -38.656661 178.017356
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGisborne recorded 4.64 in (11.79 cm) of rain in 24 hours ending 9:00am on the 19th.

Physical CharacteristicThe Signal Station in Gisborne recorded 3.60 in (9.14 cm) of rain on the 18th.

Physical CharacteristicThe Signal Station in Gisborne recorded 263 mm (26.3 cm) of rain over three days (which has a return period of 65 years).

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelegraph communication from Gisborne to other parts of the North Island was dislocated.

CommentThe Waimata and Taruheru rivers flowing through Gisborne were in high flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Glenroy station
Map Location: -38.54445 178.13244
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGlenroy Station recorded 4.87 in (12.37 cm) of rain on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding at Hikuwai River
Map Location: -38.209175 178.258514
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicFlood debris was suspended from a telephone line about 18 m above the rivers normal level.

FloodingFlooding at Mangakaiwharangi Stream
Map Location: -38.87073 177.872
Comments:

Affected LifelineWater was slightly above the deck of both Mangakaiwharangi highway bridges.

FloodingFlooding at Mangakotukutuku Stream
Map Location: -38.8232 177.85695
Comments:

ImpactMangakotukutuku Stream changed its course.

CommentMaungakotukutuku Stream recorded a freak discharge. The measured discharge was equivalent to a rainfall rate of 132 mm an hour over an area of 19 km^2.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mangarara station
Map Location: -38.43651 178.04582
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMangarara Station recorded 4.75 in (12.07 cm) of rain on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding at Mangatokerau
Map Location: -38.280116 178.226553
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road in Fitzgerald's Gorge fell away due to a washout.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mangatuna
Map Location: -38.30045 178.26526
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMangatuna recorded 7.62 in (19.35 cm) of rain ending 7:30am on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThere was water in the settlement of up to 5 ft (1.52 m). Houses which were usually well above the flood level were 2 to 3 ft (0.61-0.91 m) deep in water.

Affected LifelineLow level bridges were completely out of sight.

Affected LifelineArikihi road was impassable.

Affected LifelineTauwhareparae Road was blocked by slips.

Affected LifelineThe coast road north of Mangatuna was impassable.

FloodingFlooding at Manutuke
Map Location: -38.680429 177.905684
Comments:

ImpactThe locality was one large sheet of water.

ImpactHouses were isolated.

Crop DamageKumara and maize crops were ruined.

FloodingFlooding at Maraetaha River
Map Location: -38.79375 177.90667
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMaraetaha River had a discharge 25,200 cusecs (714 cumecs) with a catchment area of 16.8 sq miles (44 km^2).

Affected LifelineWithin the Maraetaha catchment all main highway bridges were overtopped. Two lower bridges were swept away and the flood level was 3.2 ft (0.98 m) above the deck of the No. 3 bridge.

Physical CharacteristicFlood levels at the sites of the Maraetaha bridges on Napier-Gisborne railway were 9 to 20.6 ft (2.74-6.28 m) above previous known flood levels

DamageFences were flattened and hundreds of acres of grass paddocks were strewn with timber and silt.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Motu
Map Location: -38.258449 177.551615
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMotu recorded 2.75 in (6.99 cm) of rain in 22.5 hours ending 7:30am on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main road to Opotiki via Motu was blocked.

Affected LifelineMotu River flowed over the road.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineWhakarau Road was blocked by slips.

FloodingFlooding at Muriwai
Map Location: -38.750443 177.924381
Comments:

CommentIt was the biggest flood in living memory.

ImpactA minor cloudburst developed in the hills behind Muriwai and caused flooding.

Affected LifelineTwo wooden bridges between Muriwai and Kopua were swept away.

Stock DamageThere were many losses of cattle and sheep which were trapped in low-lying paddocks.

Affected LifelineThe main highway from Gisborne to Napier beyond Muriwai was a sea of silt and small timber.

Affected LifelineTelephone and telegraph poles down on the main south road and communication to the south was cut off.

ImpactLow-lying country between Muriwai and Manutuke was flooded.

CasualtiesBoyd's Camp , a small railway camp below the Mangakotukutuku confluence near Muriwai, flooded and one life was lost. Nine huts which were on the lower bank were washed away. The flat which the huts were on were covered with silt and debris and the camp was wiped out.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ngatapa
Map Location: -38.587511 177.788321
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNgatapa recorded 3.20 in (8.13 cm) of rain in 24 hours ending at 9:00am on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactNgatapa Creek overflowed its banks and flooded all the lower flats.

Stock DamageStock losses were minor.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a big slip on Deep Creek Hill which was expected to block the road to Rere for three days.

LandslideLandslide at Otoko
Map Location: -38.463891 177.646866
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere were slips on Makaretu Road.

FloodingFlooding at Pakarae River
Map Location: -38.46967 178.22417
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPakarae River had a discharge 25,100 cusecs (711 cumecs) at Arakihi Homestead with a catchment area of 30 sq miles (78 km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Poverty Bay
Map Location: -38.715042 177.981783
Comments:

DamageThere was widespread damage in Poverty Bay.

ImpactRivers and streams were flooded.

DamageStock and crop damage was extensive.

DamageFences were brought down in a number of localities.

Affected LifelineBridges were destroyed.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Puninga station
Map Location: -38.89142 177.84885
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPuninga recorded 8.03 in (20.40 cm) of rain on the 19th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tolaga Bay
Map Location: -38.370254 178.307107
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTolaga Bay recorded 194 mm (19.4 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 19th (which has a return period of 20 years).

CommentThere were tremendous falls of rain.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe township was isolated.

FloodingFlooding at Uawa River
Map Location: -38.33695 178.28487
Comments:

CommentUawa River had a record flow.

ImpactDeep deposits of silt were left on the flats.

Affected LifelineA 40 year old timber truss bridge was carried away in the Mangaheia tributary.

ImpactAll rivers and streams of the Uawa were in high flood.

FloodingFlooding at Waihora Stream
Comments:

CommentWaihora Stream was in flood.

FloodingFlooding at Waiomatatini
Map Location: -37.811983 178.397155
Comments:

ImpactCreek at the back of "The Bungalow" changed its course.

FloodingFlooding at Waipaoa River
Map Location: -38.484818 177.912783
Comments:

CommentWaipaoa River reached a dangerous level and overflowed its banks.

ImpactA large amount of timber was coming down the river.

Physical CharacteristicWaipaoa River had a discharge of 55,500 cusecs (1572 cumecs) at Kanakanaia with a catchment area 606 sq miles (1570 km^2).

Peak River LevelThe Waipaoa River flood was considered a record. It reached 19.5 ft (5.94 m) at Kanakanaia Bridge and burst banks in the lower reaches. The level rose 4 in (10.2 cm) above the 1932 flood level.

Physical CharacteristicWaipaoa River was 10 ft (3.05 m) deep at Kemps Bridge.

DamageA substantial amount of damage was done on lands adjacent to the river.

ImpactWater overflowed a wide area between Manutuke and the river mouth on one side, and The Willows settlement and the Awapuni lagoon on the other bank.

Stock DamageThere were losses of crops and stock.

FloodingFlooding at Wairakaia Stream
Map Location: -38.78521 177.88591
Comments:

ImpactWairakaia Stream overflowed and the valley was a sea of mud and debris.

DamageFences were wiped out.

Affected LifelineThe bridge over Wairakaia Stream disappeared completely.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wairongomai station
Map Location: -38.77706 177.90781
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 9.72 in (24.69 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 16th.

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 3.65 in (9.27 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 17th.

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 1.40 in (3.56 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 18th.

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 9.78 in (24.87 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 19th.

Hawke's Bay

FloodingFlooding at Hawke's Bay
Comments:

CommentThe floods in Hawke's Bay were associated with the disastrous floods in Poverty Bay.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kopuawhara Stream
Map Location: -39.044495 177.871583
Comments:

ImpactA cloudburst in the back country on the 19th turned the Kopuawhara Stream into a raging torrent and it overflowed its banks.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactAt 3:00am on the 19th, a sudden flood 5 m high swept through the single mans sleeping quarters of the Kopuawhara No.4 Ministry of Works railway construction camp. The camp was located 35 miles (56 km) north of Wairoa in Poverty Bay approximately 4 m above the normal water level of the stream.

Casualties11 men took what they thought was refuge on a large truck, however it toppled over and all drowned. There were 21 casualties from the event (20 men and 1 woman). The men were aged: 55, 32, 56, 31, 28, 51, 25, 22, 35, 40, 51, 28, 40, 37, 44, 49, 65, 31, 25, one single mans age was unknown, the female was aged 21).

Affected LifelineBridges and approaches were damaged.

Affected LifelineCommunication and power was cut.

Property DamageThere was damage to houses, huts and tents, the blacksmith shop, the bathhouse destroyed and complete houses were demolished by the floodwaters. 50 or so tents and huts were flattened. There was huge property losses and nothing could be salvaged from the camp. The flood waters left huge boulders in places on the flat.

ImpactMen were forced onto roofs to escape the floodwaters.

Peak River FlowThe estimated speed of the Kopuawhara Stream was 35 mph (56 km/hr).

Affected LifelineRoads were washed out.

Stock DamageThousands of sheep and cattle drowned. 3000 sheep were lost as a result of the flood.

Area1000 acres (405 ha) of pasture lands was submerged.

ImpactAfter destroying No.4 camp the torrents turned to No.2 camp (three miles downstream) where floodwaters raced through huts. There were no lives lost there.

ImpactThe flood from the river continued its course through open country to the sea. It gradually lost its momentum, but devastated a wide area of pasture by its deposits of driftwood, debris and silt.

Affected LifelineNo.5 Camp escaped the full force of the storm. But the road between No.5 camp and the big tunnel was washed completely away in places.

Peak DischargeKopuawhara Stream had an estimated peak discharge of 34,000 cusecs (963 cumecs) with a catchment area of 15.54 sq miles (4025 km^2) compared to the normal discharge of 22 cusecs (0.6 cumecs).

DamageKopuawhara Stream caused considerable scour in the valley.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Maraekakaho
Map Location: -39.64746 176.619961
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMaraekakaho recorded 3.75 in (9.53 cm) of rain.

FloodingFlooding at Ngaruroro River
Map Location: -39.580827 176.799364
Comments:

ImpactNgaroruru River overflowed and inundated a large area of land near Pakowai.

Peak DischargeNgaroruru River had a peak discharge of 70,000 cusecs (1982 cumecs) at Fernhill Bridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Napier
Map Location: -39.502426 176.892804
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNapier recorded 2.36 in (5.99 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tarawera
Map Location: -39.027929 176.568041
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTarawera recorded 7.86 in (19.96 cm) of rain on the 19th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tarewa station
Map Location: -38.937547 177.808722
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTarewa recorded 200 mm (20.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours (which has a return period of 10 years).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whanawhana station
Map Location: -39.542825 176.431084
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhanawhana recorded 2.33 in (5.92 cm) of rain.

Wellington

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wellington
Comments:

CommentEastern Wairarapa experienced a torrential downpour on the 19th causing flooding of stream and rivers in the area.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageMiles of fences were flattened.

Stock DamageStock losses were small. One settler lost 400 ewes.

Affected LifelineMany bridges demolished or damaged.

ImpactThe Tinui and Whakataki districts suffered most in the flood.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads were blocked by slips.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Flat Point station
Map Location: -41.23819 175.95374
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicFlat Point recorded 2.73 in (6.93 cm) of rain in three hours.

FloodingFlooding at Kaiwhata Stream
Map Location: -41.19694 175.89286
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKaiwhata Stream rose 20 ft (6.01 m).

Affected LifelineNgahape Bridge was washed away.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Masterton
Map Location: -40.964296 175.667649
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMasterton recorded 1.32 in (3.35 cm) of rain in three hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactNo serious flooding occurred although the streets were awash at one period.

FloodingFlooding at Tinui River
Map Location: -40.83725 176.14416
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTinui River rose at a rate of one foot (0.3 m) a minute.

ImpactSeveral houses were flooded.

DamageNumerous flood gates were destroyed and miles of fencing was destroyed.

References

Cowie, C.A., Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-1953, The Soil Conservation Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
Grayland, Eugene C. (1974). New Zealand Disasters. Auckland, New Zealand: Fontana Silver Fern.
Headline: Kopuawhara
http://library.christchurch.org.nz.
Hutchins, Graham. (2006). High Water: Floods in New Zealand.
Hydrology Annual No.3 1955, Soil Conservation and River Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
McLintock, A.H. (Ed.). (1966). DISASTERS AND MISHAPS - FLOOD HAZARDS. An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand.
New Zealand's Nature Hertiage, Hamlyn House, Auckland, Volume 6, Great Storms
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Saunders, W.(2000) Planning and Resources, Hazard and Emergency Management Section, WAIRARAPA DIVISION, Wairarapa Storm Events 1880 - 1998, Technical Report No. 00/17
Headline: Grave disaster near Waikokopu, Masterton Deluged.
The Evening Post, February 19, 1938.
Headline: Heavy loss of sheep.
The Evening Post, February 19, 1938.
Headline: Drowning Believed.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Flood Damage, Overnight Rains.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Motu River Well Up.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Three Bridges, Muriwai Losses.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Tolaga Isolated, Uawa In High Flood.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Another Tragedy, One Man Missing.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Boyd's Tragedy, Mr.W.Robinson's End.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Engulfed in Raging Torrent.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Waiapu Flood, River Above Banks.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Waipaoa Flood, District's Escape.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Wairarapa Flooding, Losses of Stock.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.

SevereFebruary 1938 Eastern North Island Flooding ( 1938-02-18 )

High intensity rainfall and a vivid electrical storm brought extraordinary floods to the area within a 30 mile (48 km) radius of Gisborne. 21 lives were lost when the Kopuawhara Stream rose rapidly and wiped out Kopuawhara No.4 workers camp. Another life was lost in Boyd's Camp near Muriwai.

New Zealand

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at New Zealand
Duration:   2  days - From the 18th to the 19th of February 1938.
Comments:

CausePressures were high to the south of New Zealand and low to the north, with north-east flow over the North Island. A mesoscale low developed off Gisborne within this flow, then moved southwards. There was torrential rain from East Cape to Hawkes Bay and southwards to Cook Strait. Electrical activity was a major contributor to heavy rain.

Bay of Plenty

FloodingFlooding at Opotiki
Map Location: -38.005993 177.293236
Comments:

CasualtiesOn the 18th a 15 year old girl was believed to have drowned in the the Otara River.

Gisborne

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Gisborne
Comments:

CommentHigh intensity rainfall and a vivid electrical storm brought extraordinary floods to the area within a 30 mile (48 km) radius of Gisborne. Rainfall was confined to tops of ridges, 4 miles (6 km) and 12 miles (19 km) to the north and south of Gisborne.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

ImpactRidges had only grassland cover and the heavy rain caused considerable scour. Large boulders, logs, stumps and other debris were transported onto the downstream grass flats.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Damage CostThe total damage to roads in the Gisborne district was £43,800 ($4,000,000 2009 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Arakihi station
Map Location: -38.39568 178.11205
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArakihi Station recorded 8.12 in (20.62 cm) of rain on the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Gisborne City
Map Location: -38.656661 178.017356
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGisborne recorded 4.64 in (11.79 cm) of rain in 24 hours ending 9:00am on the 19th.

Physical CharacteristicThe Signal Station in Gisborne recorded 3.60 in (9.14 cm) of rain on the 18th.

Physical CharacteristicThe Signal Station in Gisborne recorded 263 mm (26.3 cm) of rain over three days (which has a return period of 65 years).

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelegraph communication from Gisborne to other parts of the North Island was dislocated.

CommentThe Waimata and Taruheru rivers flowing through Gisborne were in high flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Glenroy station
Map Location: -38.54445 178.13244
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGlenroy Station recorded 4.87 in (12.37 cm) of rain on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding at Hikuwai River
Map Location: -38.209175 178.258514
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicFlood debris was suspended from a telephone line about 18 m above the rivers normal level.

FloodingFlooding at Mangakaiwharangi Stream
Map Location: -38.87073 177.872
Comments:

Affected LifelineWater was slightly above the deck of both Mangakaiwharangi highway bridges.

FloodingFlooding at Mangakotukutuku Stream
Map Location: -38.8232 177.85695
Comments:

ImpactMangakotukutuku Stream changed its course.

CommentMaungakotukutuku Stream recorded a freak discharge. The measured discharge was equivalent to a rainfall rate of 132 mm an hour over an area of 19 km^2.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mangarara station
Map Location: -38.43651 178.04582
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMangarara Station recorded 4.75 in (12.07 cm) of rain on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding at Mangatokerau
Map Location: -38.280116 178.226553
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe road in Fitzgerald's Gorge fell away due to a washout.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mangatuna
Map Location: -38.30045 178.26526
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMangatuna recorded 7.62 in (19.35 cm) of rain ending 7:30am on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThere was water in the settlement of up to 5 ft (1.52 m). Houses which were usually well above the flood level were 2 to 3 ft (0.61-0.91 m) deep in water.

Affected LifelineLow level bridges were completely out of sight.

Affected LifelineArikihi road was impassable.

Affected LifelineTauwhareparae Road was blocked by slips.

Affected LifelineThe coast road north of Mangatuna was impassable.

FloodingFlooding at Manutuke
Map Location: -38.680429 177.905684
Comments:

ImpactThe locality was one large sheet of water.

ImpactHouses were isolated.

Crop DamageKumara and maize crops were ruined.

FloodingFlooding at Maraetaha River
Map Location: -38.79375 177.90667
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMaraetaha River had a discharge 25,200 cusecs (714 cumecs) with a catchment area of 16.8 sq miles (44 km^2).

Affected LifelineWithin the Maraetaha catchment all main highway bridges were overtopped. Two lower bridges were swept away and the flood level was 3.2 ft (0.98 m) above the deck of the No. 3 bridge.

Physical CharacteristicFlood levels at the sites of the Maraetaha bridges on Napier-Gisborne railway were 9 to 20.6 ft (2.74-6.28 m) above previous known flood levels

DamageFences were flattened and hundreds of acres of grass paddocks were strewn with timber and silt.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Motu
Map Location: -38.258449 177.551615
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMotu recorded 2.75 in (6.99 cm) of rain in 22.5 hours ending 7:30am on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe main road to Opotiki via Motu was blocked.

Affected LifelineMotu River flowed over the road.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineWhakarau Road was blocked by slips.

FloodingFlooding at Muriwai
Map Location: -38.750443 177.924381
Comments:

CommentIt was the biggest flood in living memory.

ImpactA minor cloudburst developed in the hills behind Muriwai and caused flooding.

Affected LifelineTwo wooden bridges between Muriwai and Kopua were swept away.

Stock DamageThere were many losses of cattle and sheep which were trapped in low-lying paddocks.

Affected LifelineThe main highway from Gisborne to Napier beyond Muriwai was a sea of silt and small timber.

Affected LifelineTelephone and telegraph poles down on the main south road and communication to the south was cut off.

ImpactLow-lying country between Muriwai and Manutuke was flooded.

CasualtiesBoyd's Camp , a small railway camp below the Mangakotukutuku confluence near Muriwai, flooded and one life was lost. Nine huts which were on the lower bank were washed away. The flat which the huts were on were covered with silt and debris and the camp was wiped out.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ngatapa
Map Location: -38.587511 177.788321
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNgatapa recorded 3.20 in (8.13 cm) of rain in 24 hours ending at 9:00am on the 19th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactNgatapa Creek overflowed its banks and flooded all the lower flats.

Stock DamageStock losses were minor.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a big slip on Deep Creek Hill which was expected to block the road to Rere for three days.

LandslideLandslide at Otoko
Map Location: -38.463891 177.646866
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere were slips on Makaretu Road.

FloodingFlooding at Pakarae River
Map Location: -38.46967 178.22417
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPakarae River had a discharge 25,100 cusecs (711 cumecs) at Arakihi Homestead with a catchment area of 30 sq miles (78 km^2).

FloodingFlooding at Poverty Bay
Map Location: -38.715042 177.981783
Comments:

DamageThere was widespread damage in Poverty Bay.

ImpactRivers and streams were flooded.

DamageStock and crop damage was extensive.

DamageFences were brought down in a number of localities.

Affected LifelineBridges were destroyed.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Puninga station
Map Location: -38.89142 177.84885
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPuninga recorded 8.03 in (20.40 cm) of rain on the 19th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tolaga Bay
Map Location: -38.370254 178.307107
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTolaga Bay recorded 194 mm (19.4 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 19th (which has a return period of 20 years).

CommentThere were tremendous falls of rain.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe township was isolated.

FloodingFlooding at Uawa River
Map Location: -38.33695 178.28487
Comments:

CommentUawa River had a record flow.

ImpactDeep deposits of silt were left on the flats.

Affected LifelineA 40 year old timber truss bridge was carried away in the Mangaheia tributary.

ImpactAll rivers and streams of the Uawa were in high flood.

FloodingFlooding at Waihora Stream
Comments:

CommentWaihora Stream was in flood.

FloodingFlooding at Waiomatatini
Map Location: -37.811983 178.397155
Comments:

ImpactCreek at the back of "The Bungalow" changed its course.

FloodingFlooding at Waipaoa River
Map Location: -38.484818 177.912783
Comments:

CommentWaipaoa River reached a dangerous level and overflowed its banks.

ImpactA large amount of timber was coming down the river.

Physical CharacteristicWaipaoa River had a discharge of 55,500 cusecs (1572 cumecs) at Kanakanaia with a catchment area 606 sq miles (1570 km^2).

Peak River LevelThe Waipaoa River flood was considered a record. It reached 19.5 ft (5.94 m) at Kanakanaia Bridge and burst banks in the lower reaches. The level rose 4 in (10.2 cm) above the 1932 flood level.

Physical CharacteristicWaipaoa River was 10 ft (3.05 m) deep at Kemps Bridge.

DamageA substantial amount of damage was done on lands adjacent to the river.

ImpactWater overflowed a wide area between Manutuke and the river mouth on one side, and The Willows settlement and the Awapuni lagoon on the other bank.

Stock DamageThere were losses of crops and stock.

FloodingFlooding at Wairakaia Stream
Map Location: -38.78521 177.88591
Comments:

ImpactWairakaia Stream overflowed and the valley was a sea of mud and debris.

DamageFences were wiped out.

Affected LifelineThe bridge over Wairakaia Stream disappeared completely.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wairongomai station
Map Location: -38.77706 177.90781
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 9.72 in (24.69 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 16th.

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 3.65 in (9.27 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 17th.

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 1.40 in (3.56 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 18th.

Physical CharacteristicWairongomai Station recorded 9.78 in (24.87 cm) of rain in 24 hours on the 19th.

Hawke's Bay

FloodingFlooding at Hawke's Bay
Comments:

CommentThe floods in Hawke's Bay were associated with the disastrous floods in Poverty Bay.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Kopuawhara Stream
Map Location: -39.044495 177.871583
Comments:

ImpactA cloudburst in the back country on the 19th turned the Kopuawhara Stream into a raging torrent and it overflowed its banks.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactAt 3:00am on the 19th, a sudden flood 5 m high swept through the single mans sleeping quarters of the Kopuawhara No.4 Ministry of Works railway construction camp. The camp was located 35 miles (56 km) north of Wairoa in Poverty Bay approximately 4 m above the normal water level of the stream.

Casualties11 men took what they thought was refuge on a large truck, however it toppled over and all drowned. There were 21 casualties from the event (20 men and 1 woman). The men were aged: 55, 32, 56, 31, 28, 51, 25, 22, 35, 40, 51, 28, 40, 37, 44, 49, 65, 31, 25, one single mans age was unknown, the female was aged 21).

Affected LifelineBridges and approaches were damaged.

Affected LifelineCommunication and power was cut.

Property DamageThere was damage to houses, huts and tents, the blacksmith shop, the bathhouse destroyed and complete houses were demolished by the floodwaters. 50 or so tents and huts were flattened. There was huge property losses and nothing could be salvaged from the camp. The flood waters left huge boulders in places on the flat.

ImpactMen were forced onto roofs to escape the floodwaters.

Peak River FlowThe estimated speed of the Kopuawhara Stream was 35 mph (56 km/hr).

Affected LifelineRoads were washed out.

Stock DamageThousands of sheep and cattle drowned. 3000 sheep were lost as a result of the flood.

Area1000 acres (405 ha) of pasture lands was submerged.

ImpactAfter destroying No.4 camp the torrents turned to No.2 camp (three miles downstream) where floodwaters raced through huts. There were no lives lost there.

ImpactThe flood from the river continued its course through open country to the sea. It gradually lost its momentum, but devastated a wide area of pasture by its deposits of driftwood, debris and silt.

Affected LifelineNo.5 Camp escaped the full force of the storm. But the road between No.5 camp and the big tunnel was washed completely away in places.

Peak DischargeKopuawhara Stream had an estimated peak discharge of 34,000 cusecs (963 cumecs) with a catchment area of 15.54 sq miles (4025 km^2) compared to the normal discharge of 22 cusecs (0.6 cumecs).

DamageKopuawhara Stream caused considerable scour in the valley.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Maraekakaho
Map Location: -39.64746 176.619961
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMaraekakaho recorded 3.75 in (9.53 cm) of rain.

FloodingFlooding at Ngaruroro River
Map Location: -39.580827 176.799364
Comments:

ImpactNgaroruru River overflowed and inundated a large area of land near Pakowai.

Peak DischargeNgaroruru River had a peak discharge of 70,000 cusecs (1982 cumecs) at Fernhill Bridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Napier
Map Location: -39.502426 176.892804
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicNapier recorded 2.36 in (5.99 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tarawera
Map Location: -39.027929 176.568041
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTarawera recorded 7.86 in (19.96 cm) of rain on the 19th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Tarewa station
Map Location: -38.937547 177.808722
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTarewa recorded 200 mm (20.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours (which has a return period of 10 years).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whanawhana station
Map Location: -39.542825 176.431084
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhanawhana recorded 2.33 in (5.92 cm) of rain.

Wellington

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Wellington
Comments:

CommentEastern Wairarapa experienced a torrential downpour on the 19th causing flooding of stream and rivers in the area.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageMiles of fences were flattened.

Stock DamageStock losses were small. One settler lost 400 ewes.

Affected LifelineMany bridges demolished or damaged.

ImpactThe Tinui and Whakataki districts suffered most in the flood.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads were blocked by slips.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Flat Point station
Map Location: -41.23819 175.95374
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicFlat Point recorded 2.73 in (6.93 cm) of rain in three hours.

FloodingFlooding at Kaiwhata Stream
Map Location: -41.19694 175.89286
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKaiwhata Stream rose 20 ft (6.01 m).

Affected LifelineNgahape Bridge was washed away.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Masterton
Map Location: -40.964296 175.667649
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMasterton recorded 1.32 in (3.35 cm) of rain in three hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactNo serious flooding occurred although the streets were awash at one period.

FloodingFlooding at Tinui River
Map Location: -40.83725 176.14416
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTinui River rose at a rate of one foot (0.3 m) a minute.

ImpactSeveral houses were flooded.

DamageNumerous flood gates were destroyed and miles of fencing was destroyed.

References

Cowie, C.A., Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-1953, The Soil Conservation Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
Grayland, Eugene C. (1974). New Zealand Disasters. Auckland, New Zealand: Fontana Silver Fern.
Headline: Kopuawhara
http://library.christchurch.org.nz.
Hutchins, Graham. (2006). High Water: Floods in New Zealand.
Hydrology Annual No.3 1955, Soil Conservation and River Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
McLintock, A.H. (Ed.). (1966). DISASTERS AND MISHAPS - FLOOD HAZARDS. An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand.
New Zealand's Nature Hertiage, Hamlyn House, Auckland, Volume 6, Great Storms
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Saunders, W.(2000) Planning and Resources, Hazard and Emergency Management Section, WAIRARAPA DIVISION, Wairarapa Storm Events 1880 - 1998, Technical Report No. 00/17
Headline: Grave disaster near Waikokopu, Masterton Deluged.
The Evening Post, February 19, 1938.
Headline: Heavy loss of sheep.
The Evening Post, February 19, 1938.
Headline: Drowning Believed.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Flood Damage, Overnight Rains.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Motu River Well Up.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Three Bridges, Muriwai Losses.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Tolaga Isolated, Uawa In High Flood.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 19 February 1938.
Headline: Another Tragedy, One Man Missing.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Boyd's Tragedy, Mr.W.Robinson's End.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Engulfed in Raging Torrent.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Waiapu Flood, River Above Banks.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Waipaoa Flood, District's Escape.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.
Headline: Wairarapa Flooding, Losses of Stock.
The Poverty Bay Herald, 21 February 1938.