NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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SevereDecember 1957 West Coast and Canterbury Flooding ( 1957-12-26 )

18-100 years

Heavy rain in the Southern Alps lead to flooding in the West Coast and Canterbury. The flooding caused serious damage to roads and river works.

South Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at South Island
Comments:

CauseA month of wet weather culminated in a depression forming off Westland and deepening rapidly as it moved southwards. The northwesterly rains of the associated active front were consequently enough to trigger large floods in Waimakariri and Rakaia Rivers.

DurationFrom the 26th to the 27th of December.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentAlong the Southern Alps, December 1957 was the wettest month in over 50 years of records.

West Coast

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at West Coast
Comments:

ImpactThere was extremely heavy rain in the Southern Alps, most of the larger rivers rose to near record levels with the resultant flooding and damage being the most severe Westland has experienced for some time.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentFloods in Poerua, Wataroa and Jacobs Rivers were higher than those in November.

Damage CostExcluding Otira, the damage to river works during the series of floods totalled £10,000 (426,700 2009 dollars) including £1350 ($57,600 2009 dollars) in the Kokatahi and £6000 ($256,000 2009 dollars) in Karamea.

FloodingFlooding at Ahaura River
Map Location: -42.491019 171.801131
Comments:

CommentAhaura River was 60 cm above its previous highest level.

Physical CharacteristicAhaura River had a discharge of 100,000 cusecs (2832 cumecs) at the State Highway Bridge. The catchment area was 336 sq miles (870 km^2) and the gauge height was 24.13 ft (7.35 m).

FloodingFlooding at Grey River
Map Location: -42.41523 171.388864
Comments:

CommentGrey River was running at its highest for approximately 18 years.

Physical CharacteristicGrey River had a discharge of 228,000 cusecs (6456 cumecs) at Dobson. The catchment area was 1475 sq miles (3820 km^2) and the gauge height was 15.75 ft (4.80 m).

DamageFlooding and damage in the Matai district was particularly severe.

Physical CharacteristicThe river rose within a foot (0.30 m) of the wharf.

FloodingFlooding at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

ImpactGreymouth only suffered minor flooding consequent to a blocked drainage outlet.

FloodingFlooding at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

ImpactHokitika had only minor flooding.

FloodingFlooding at Hokitika River
Map Location: -42.78231 171.02909
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHokitika River was in high flood and was 18 cm higher than the 1935 flood level.

Physical CharacteristicHokitika River had a discharge of 143,000 cusecs (4049 cumecs) at Kanieri Bridge, with a catchment area of 440 sq miles (1140 km^2).

ImpactThe river overtopped its banks between the Gorge and Camelback groyne and flowed across the farming area of Kowhitirangi and Kokatahi. Large areas were inundated.

Affected LifelineThere was considerable overflow into Groves swamp which cut an 80 ft (24.4 m) gap through the State Highway and washed out a County bridge on Ruatapu Road.

FloodingFlooding at Kaniere
Map Location: -42.745039 171.008903
Comments:

ImpactSeveral houses in the Kaniere township were surrounded.

FloodingFlooding at Karamea River
Map Location: -41.249392 172.271797
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKaramea River had a discharge of 80,000 cusecs (2265 cumecs) at the Highway Bridge. The catchment area was 632 sq miles (1637 km^2) and the gauge height was 17.15 ft (5.23 m). The gauge was submerged.

CommentKaramea River rose to the highest level recorded in 40 years.

ImpactThe Arapito stopbank culvert and the floodgate were washed out and extensive flooding occurred.

ImpactDeep channel scouring caused the loss of some river works with due to erosion.

FloodingFlooding at Kokatahi River
Map Location: -42.83536 171.02005
Comments:

CommentThe flood in the Kokatahi River at Kokatahi Bridge exceeded that of the February flood.

FloodingFlooding at Otira
Map Location: -42.828956 171.557257
Comments:

ImpactThe stopbank protecting Otira breached and the river raged through the township.

DamageOtira River flowed through railway yards, covered the station platform, and flooded the township causing severe damage.

DamageOne house was severely wrecked as half of it was washed away.

Affected LifelineRiver waters broke the towns water pipes, scoured streets and destroyed power transformers.

Affected LifelineTownship was completely isolated. The gorge was blocked by slips and bridges were destroyed. The highway remained closed for five months.

DamageThere was heavy property and other losses sustained.

Affected LifelineThe main highway between the top of Arthurs Pass and Otira was completely obliterated.

LandslideLandslide at Otira River
Map Location: -42.83536 171.02005
Comments:

ImpactA landslide completely blocked the Otira River, causing a dam. Water was diverted towards the stopbank near the hydrostation.

ImpactAggradation due to slips was very severe. The whole riverbed was raised 20-25 ft (6.1-7.6 m).

FloodingFlooding at Taramakau River
Map Location: -42.68526 171.23234
Comments:

Affected LifelineTaramakau River was in high flood and washed away 30 m of road.

CommentTaramakau River overflowed into Orangipuku River.

Affected Lifeline130 ft (40 m) of the Kumara Bridge was carried away.

Stock DamageStock losses along the river were heavy.

Canterbury

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Canterbury
Comments:

CommentA flood was generated on the 27th of December by violent thunderstorms and intense rain in the high country.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Arthurs Pass
Map Location: -42.905834 171.549329
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArthurs Pass recorded 13.15 in (33.40 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicArthurs Pass recorded 1194 mm (119.4 cm) of rain during the month of December.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineCass-Arthurs Pass section of the State Highway was extensively damaged.

FloodingFlooding at Hurunui River
Map Location: -42.901096 173.135196
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHurunui River had a discharge of 897 cumecs at Mandamus on the 27th. The catchment area was 1072 km^2 and the gauge height was 6.77 m.

FloodingFlooding at Jollie River
Map Location: -43.83621 170.20402
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicJollie River had a discharge of 8129 cusecs (230 cumecs), which included overflow of 200 cusecs (6 cumecs), at the Mt. Cook Station on the 25th. This is of possible 100-year frequency. The catchment area was 54 sq miles (140 km^2).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Rakaia River
Map Location: -42.63756 171.39125
Comments:

CommentOn the 25th and 26th, a high intensity rain storm in the Southern Alps caused severe flooding in the Rakaia River and some tributaries.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe river overflowed at a number of points.

Affected LifelineIn Mead, the trains were delayed for several hours due to heavy scouring of the track.

Affected LifelineTraffic on the Main South Road was disrupted although the highway was not damaged.

Affected LifelineTwo spans of Mowats Bridge were lost and the approaches were partly washed out.

DamageThe Rakaia camping area was badly affected.

Physical CharacteristicRakaia River had a discharge of 3962 cumecs at the Gorge Bridge on the 27th. The catchment area was 2590 km^2 and the gauge height was 5.78 m.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitata River
Map Location: -43.98151 171.306532
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRangitata River had a discharge of 37,500 cusecs (1062 cumecs) at the irrigation intake recorder on the 27th. The catchment area was 577 sq miles (1494 km^2).

Physical CharacteristicRangitata River had a peak discharge of 84,000 cusecs (2379 cumecs) at the diversion intake gauging station.

Physical CharacteristicThe river had a peak discharge of 85,000 cusecs (2407 cumecs) at the Arundel Bridge.

Affected LifelineThere was a serious overflow at Palmers, 1.5 miles above the railway. It caused serious flooding in the area including over the railway and main highway.

ImpactLow lying areas between the south and middle branched of Rangitata River were badly flooded.

Affected LifelineThe railway was closed and traffic on the state highway was disrupted.

DamageFlood damage and losses were considerable.

Damage CostThe cost of damage to the river works, including that done by the flood and floods before the repairs could be completed, was £13,520 ($576,900 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe cost of damage to county roads, bridges and water races was £250 ($10,700 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe cost of stock and land losses and damage to pastures and crops was £9400 ($$401,100 2009 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at The Hermitage
Map Location: -43.7319 170.08778
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Hermitage recorded 491 mm (49.1 cm) of rain on the 26th.

Physical CharacteristicThe Hermitage (Mount Cook) recorded 1295 mm (129.5 cm) of rain during the month of December.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineSerious flooding disrupted rail, road and transport.

FloodingFlooding at Waiau-uha River
Map Location: -42.72689 173.2567
Comments:

CommentWaiau-uha River had the largest flood for some years.

FloodingFlooding at Waimakariri River
Map Location: -43.459744 172.289962
Comments:

CommentFloods were caused by heavy rainstorms from a westerly quarter in the upper catchment.

CommentWaimakariri River rose to the highest level in over 34 years and probably the highest for nearly 50 years.

Physical CharacteristicWaimakariri River had a discharge of 111,901 cusecs (3169 cumecs) at Highway Bridge on the 27th. The catchment area was 1241 sq miles (3214 km^2) and the gauge height was 16.8 ft (5.12 m).

ImpactThe new cut off bank was overtopped and washed out and the protecting loop bank breached in two places. The overflows flooded parts of Coutts Island and overtopped Chaneys bank.

ImpactThe river inundated some areas between Belfast and the Waimakariri Bridge and flooded parts of Kainga and Styx basin.

Area2290 acres (927 ha) were under water.

EvacueesAll houses in low lying areas at Waimakariri Bridge, Kainga and on the river frontage at Stewarts Gully were evacuated.

Affected LifelineThe Main North Road was blocked for two days.

Stock DamageStock losses were negligible.

Damage CostRiver works cost £50,000 ($2,133,700 2009 dollars).

Damage CostOther damage and losses were estimated at £42,000 ($1,792,300 2009 dollars).

CommentBy 2008, Waimakariri River had not broken its banks since 1957.

ImpactA raging Waimakariri River burst out of its stopbanks near Belfast.

Physical CharacteristicAt Waimakariri Gorge, the river rose more than 15 m in seven hours.

ImpactWild waters raced through a small, three metre wide breach and flowed into the old south branch of the river, through residential and farm land, before re-entering the main river, close to the sea.

CommentThe flood was estimated as a one-in-100-year event.

References

Ben, J.L. (1990). A Chronology of Flooding on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 1846-1990.
Hydrology Annual No.5 1957, Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
Hydrology Annual, No. 15, 1967, Part 1, A.R. Shearer, 1970, Government Printer, Wellington, Water and Soil Division, New Zealand
Major weather events in New Zealand, FLOODS AND HIGH RAINFALL, Floods to 31st July 2006
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Owen, R.E. (1960). Hydrology Annual, No.6, 1958. Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Owen, R.E. (1969). Hydrology Annual No.16, 1968. Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council. Wellington, NZ: The Ministry of Works.
Headline:Dealing with the Waimakariri
The Press,11/08/2007,

SevereDecember 1957 West Coast and Canterbury Flooding ( 1957-12-26 )

18-100 years

Heavy rain in the Southern Alps lead to flooding in the West Coast and Canterbury. The flooding caused serious damage to roads and river works.

South Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at South Island
Comments:

CauseA month of wet weather culminated in a depression forming off Westland and deepening rapidly as it moved southwards. The northwesterly rains of the associated active front were consequently enough to trigger large floods in Waimakariri and Rakaia Rivers.

DurationFrom the 26th to the 27th of December.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentAlong the Southern Alps, December 1957 was the wettest month in over 50 years of records.

West Coast

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at West Coast
Comments:

ImpactThere was extremely heavy rain in the Southern Alps, most of the larger rivers rose to near record levels with the resultant flooding and damage being the most severe Westland has experienced for some time.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentFloods in Poerua, Wataroa and Jacobs Rivers were higher than those in November.

Damage CostExcluding Otira, the damage to river works during the series of floods totalled £10,000 (426,700 2009 dollars) including £1350 ($57,600 2009 dollars) in the Kokatahi and £6000 ($256,000 2009 dollars) in Karamea.

FloodingFlooding at Ahaura River
Map Location: -42.491019 171.801131
Comments:

CommentAhaura River was 60 cm above its previous highest level.

Physical CharacteristicAhaura River had a discharge of 100,000 cusecs (2832 cumecs) at the State Highway Bridge. The catchment area was 336 sq miles (870 km^2) and the gauge height was 24.13 ft (7.35 m).

FloodingFlooding at Grey River
Map Location: -42.41523 171.388864
Comments:

CommentGrey River was running at its highest for approximately 18 years.

Physical CharacteristicGrey River had a discharge of 228,000 cusecs (6456 cumecs) at Dobson. The catchment area was 1475 sq miles (3820 km^2) and the gauge height was 15.75 ft (4.80 m).

DamageFlooding and damage in the Matai district was particularly severe.

Physical CharacteristicThe river rose within a foot (0.30 m) of the wharf.

FloodingFlooding at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

ImpactGreymouth only suffered minor flooding consequent to a blocked drainage outlet.

FloodingFlooding at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

ImpactHokitika had only minor flooding.

FloodingFlooding at Hokitika River
Map Location: -42.78231 171.02909
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHokitika River was in high flood and was 18 cm higher than the 1935 flood level.

Physical CharacteristicHokitika River had a discharge of 143,000 cusecs (4049 cumecs) at Kanieri Bridge, with a catchment area of 440 sq miles (1140 km^2).

ImpactThe river overtopped its banks between the Gorge and Camelback groyne and flowed across the farming area of Kowhitirangi and Kokatahi. Large areas were inundated.

Affected LifelineThere was considerable overflow into Groves swamp which cut an 80 ft (24.4 m) gap through the State Highway and washed out a County bridge on Ruatapu Road.

FloodingFlooding at Kaniere
Map Location: -42.745039 171.008903
Comments:

ImpactSeveral houses in the Kaniere township were surrounded.

FloodingFlooding at Karamea River
Map Location: -41.249392 172.271797
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicKaramea River had a discharge of 80,000 cusecs (2265 cumecs) at the Highway Bridge. The catchment area was 632 sq miles (1637 km^2) and the gauge height was 17.15 ft (5.23 m). The gauge was submerged.

CommentKaramea River rose to the highest level recorded in 40 years.

ImpactThe Arapito stopbank culvert and the floodgate were washed out and extensive flooding occurred.

ImpactDeep channel scouring caused the loss of some river works with due to erosion.

FloodingFlooding at Kokatahi River
Map Location: -42.83536 171.02005
Comments:

CommentThe flood in the Kokatahi River at Kokatahi Bridge exceeded that of the February flood.

FloodingFlooding at Otira
Map Location: -42.828956 171.557257
Comments:

ImpactThe stopbank protecting Otira breached and the river raged through the township.

DamageOtira River flowed through railway yards, covered the station platform, and flooded the township causing severe damage.

DamageOne house was severely wrecked as half of it was washed away.

Affected LifelineRiver waters broke the towns water pipes, scoured streets and destroyed power transformers.

Affected LifelineTownship was completely isolated. The gorge was blocked by slips and bridges were destroyed. The highway remained closed for five months.

DamageThere was heavy property and other losses sustained.

Affected LifelineThe main highway between the top of Arthurs Pass and Otira was completely obliterated.

LandslideLandslide at Otira River
Map Location: -42.83536 171.02005
Comments:

ImpactA landslide completely blocked the Otira River, causing a dam. Water was diverted towards the stopbank near the hydrostation.

ImpactAggradation due to slips was very severe. The whole riverbed was raised 20-25 ft (6.1-7.6 m).

FloodingFlooding at Taramakau River
Map Location: -42.68526 171.23234
Comments:

Affected LifelineTaramakau River was in high flood and washed away 30 m of road.

CommentTaramakau River overflowed into Orangipuku River.

Affected Lifeline130 ft (40 m) of the Kumara Bridge was carried away.

Stock DamageStock losses along the river were heavy.

Canterbury

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Canterbury
Comments:

CommentA flood was generated on the 27th of December by violent thunderstorms and intense rain in the high country.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Arthurs Pass
Map Location: -42.905834 171.549329
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicArthurs Pass recorded 13.15 in (33.40 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicArthurs Pass recorded 1194 mm (119.4 cm) of rain during the month of December.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineCass-Arthurs Pass section of the State Highway was extensively damaged.

FloodingFlooding at Hurunui River
Map Location: -42.901096 173.135196
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHurunui River had a discharge of 897 cumecs at Mandamus on the 27th. The catchment area was 1072 km^2 and the gauge height was 6.77 m.

FloodingFlooding at Jollie River
Map Location: -43.83621 170.20402
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicJollie River had a discharge of 8129 cusecs (230 cumecs), which included overflow of 200 cusecs (6 cumecs), at the Mt. Cook Station on the 25th. This is of possible 100-year frequency. The catchment area was 54 sq miles (140 km^2).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Rakaia River
Map Location: -42.63756 171.39125
Comments:

CommentOn the 25th and 26th, a high intensity rain storm in the Southern Alps caused severe flooding in the Rakaia River and some tributaries.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe river overflowed at a number of points.

Affected LifelineIn Mead, the trains were delayed for several hours due to heavy scouring of the track.

Affected LifelineTraffic on the Main South Road was disrupted although the highway was not damaged.

Affected LifelineTwo spans of Mowats Bridge were lost and the approaches were partly washed out.

DamageThe Rakaia camping area was badly affected.

Physical CharacteristicRakaia River had a discharge of 3962 cumecs at the Gorge Bridge on the 27th. The catchment area was 2590 km^2 and the gauge height was 5.78 m.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitata River
Map Location: -43.98151 171.306532
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRangitata River had a discharge of 37,500 cusecs (1062 cumecs) at the irrigation intake recorder on the 27th. The catchment area was 577 sq miles (1494 km^2).

Physical CharacteristicRangitata River had a peak discharge of 84,000 cusecs (2379 cumecs) at the diversion intake gauging station.

Physical CharacteristicThe river had a peak discharge of 85,000 cusecs (2407 cumecs) at the Arundel Bridge.

Affected LifelineThere was a serious overflow at Palmers, 1.5 miles above the railway. It caused serious flooding in the area including over the railway and main highway.

ImpactLow lying areas between the south and middle branched of Rangitata River were badly flooded.

Affected LifelineThe railway was closed and traffic on the state highway was disrupted.

DamageFlood damage and losses were considerable.

Damage CostThe cost of damage to the river works, including that done by the flood and floods before the repairs could be completed, was £13,520 ($576,900 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe cost of damage to county roads, bridges and water races was £250 ($10,700 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe cost of stock and land losses and damage to pastures and crops was £9400 ($$401,100 2009 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at The Hermitage
Map Location: -43.7319 170.08778
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Hermitage recorded 491 mm (49.1 cm) of rain on the 26th.

Physical CharacteristicThe Hermitage (Mount Cook) recorded 1295 mm (129.5 cm) of rain during the month of December.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineSerious flooding disrupted rail, road and transport.

FloodingFlooding at Waiau-uha River
Map Location: -42.72689 173.2567
Comments:

CommentWaiau-uha River had the largest flood for some years.

FloodingFlooding at Waimakariri River
Map Location: -43.459744 172.289962
Comments:

CommentFloods were caused by heavy rainstorms from a westerly quarter in the upper catchment.

CommentWaimakariri River rose to the highest level in over 34 years and probably the highest for nearly 50 years.

Physical CharacteristicWaimakariri River had a discharge of 111,901 cusecs (3169 cumecs) at Highway Bridge on the 27th. The catchment area was 1241 sq miles (3214 km^2) and the gauge height was 16.8 ft (5.12 m).

ImpactThe new cut off bank was overtopped and washed out and the protecting loop bank breached in two places. The overflows flooded parts of Coutts Island and overtopped Chaneys bank.

ImpactThe river inundated some areas between Belfast and the Waimakariri Bridge and flooded parts of Kainga and Styx basin.

Area2290 acres (927 ha) were under water.

EvacueesAll houses in low lying areas at Waimakariri Bridge, Kainga and on the river frontage at Stewarts Gully were evacuated.

Affected LifelineThe Main North Road was blocked for two days.

Stock DamageStock losses were negligible.

Damage CostRiver works cost £50,000 ($2,133,700 2009 dollars).

Damage CostOther damage and losses were estimated at £42,000 ($1,792,300 2009 dollars).

CommentBy 2008, Waimakariri River had not broken its banks since 1957.

ImpactA raging Waimakariri River burst out of its stopbanks near Belfast.

Physical CharacteristicAt Waimakariri Gorge, the river rose more than 15 m in seven hours.

ImpactWild waters raced through a small, three metre wide breach and flowed into the old south branch of the river, through residential and farm land, before re-entering the main river, close to the sea.

CommentThe flood was estimated as a one-in-100-year event.

References

Ben, J.L. (1990). A Chronology of Flooding on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 1846-1990.
Hydrology Annual No.5 1957, Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand
Hydrology Annual, No. 15, 1967, Part 1, A.R. Shearer, 1970, Government Printer, Wellington, Water and Soil Division, New Zealand
Major weather events in New Zealand, FLOODS AND HIGH RAINFALL, Floods to 31st July 2006
NZ Met Service. (2008). Meteorology of Extreme Rainfalls in New Zealand (Mark Pascoe, Ed.).
Owen, R.E. (1960). Hydrology Annual, No.6, 1958. Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
Owen, R.E. (1969). Hydrology Annual No.16, 1968. Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council. Wellington, NZ: The Ministry of Works.
Headline:Dealing with the Waimakariri
The Press,11/08/2007,