NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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ModerateDecember 1878 South Island Flooding ( 1878-12-23 )

Northwest winds and heavy rain caused flooding in parts of the West Coast, Canterbury and Otago.

South Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at South Island
Duration:   8  days - From the 23rd till the 30th of December.
Comments:

ImpactThe coach from Christchurch to Greymouth did not arrive.

Affected LifelineA great deal of damage was done to the Greymouth-Christchurch road in several places.

West Coast

FloodingFlooding at West Coast
Comments:

CommentThe rivers and creeks up the Grey Valley were in high flood, but not as high as on former occasions.

FloodingFlooding at Arahura River
Map Location: -42.699948 171.056744
Comments:

Affected LifelineAbout four chains near the approach to the Arahura bridge was washed away by the flood on the 24th. The coach for Kumara from Greymouth had to return. On the night of the 26th the northern approach was entirely swept away. The telegraph wires were swaying about on the bridge. The smaller span of the upper bridge was completely washed away. Traffic by this route was stopped for weeks.

DamageImmense damage was done between the Upper and Lower Crossing. On the north bank of the river the protective work at the native land was carried away for a great part. On the farm of Mr Bladdier, acres of land was carried away. The contractor of the protective works lost some 40 large trunks that had been left on the bank. The river was beginning to eat away Mr Bathe's land.

CommentOn the night of the 26th, what appeared to be a sea was running beween the north end of the bridge and the portion of road visible.

Affected LifelineThe road between the two crossings was gone altogether in various places. The river was rushing over the road in many places. At Bathe's the road was gone completely.

Damage CostThe damage to the Christchurch road between the two crossings would take more than £1000 ($138,340 2008 dollars) to repair.

CommentThe creeks between the two crossings were rising rapidly.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain fell in the Greymouth area with only slight intermission from the 26th till the 30th. It rained almost incessantly from 2pm on the 27th until the morning of the 29th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere was a flood on the 23rd and 24th.

Affected LifelineA number of embankments and approaches to bridges were carried away.

CommentThe rivers were in full flood on the 28th. The Grey River was near its highest.

ImpactThe races had to be postponed on the 28th and 29th as the racecourse was under water.

Physical CharacteristicOn the evening of the 29th there was nearly 2 ft (61 cm) of water on the racecourse.

ImpactThe mails from Christchurch on the 24th were four days late.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

CommentIt was still raining heavily in Hokitika on the 30th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageGreat damage was done at Hoktika. A great part of the piles of the old wharf on Gibson's Quay were carried away by the current on the 27th. 24,000 feet of timber from the wharf was taken away by the flood and carried out to sea.

Affected LifelineCommunication was cut off in various directions. It was impossible to despatch the mails and the telegraph lines were down. The approaches to the bridges were much damaged.

Damage CostThe damage done by the floods would cost the county several thousand pounds (several hundred thousand 2008 dollars).

CommentThe flood had gone done on the 27th.

CommentThe rivers were flooded again on the 28th.

DamageThe damage done to roads and bridges would take the County three month's revenue to repair.

FloodingFlooding at Reefton
Map Location: -42.109955 171.867076
Comments:

CommentReefton had very heavy rain and floods.

CasualtiesA man named Donald McGillivray was drowned in the Inangahua River on the night of the 26th.

FloodingFlooding at Ross
Map Location: -42.895962 170.818481
Comments:

CommentThe flood was equally high at Ross as it was in Greymouth.

ImpactPortions of the town were submerged when the storm channel overflowed.

DamageA considerable amount of property was destroyed. The Jones' Creek storm water channel was carried away.

Damage CostIt was estimated that more than £800 ($110,670 2008 dollars) would be needed to restore the Borough Council property destroyed.

FloodingFlooding at Taipo Bluff
Map Location: -42.740381 171.397487
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe wire suspension bridge was covered with rushing waters.

CommentIt was said that the Taipo had not been so high for the last 13 years.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal at Wanganui Bluff
Map Location: -43.03169 170.439891
Comments:

ImpactThe schooner Mabel Jane went ashore on the beach at Wanganui Bluff, about 20 miles (32 km) south of Hokitika.

Canterbury

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Albury
Map Location: -44.231874 170.875018
Comments:

CommentOn the 26th it rained very hard at Albury.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ashburton
Map Location: -43.902384 171.736416
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain set in in Ashburton on the 30th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Bealey
Map Location: -43.033326 171.629765
Comments:

CommentThe weather at Bealey was described as awful.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Cass
Map Location: -43.036516 171.750584
Comments:

CommentThere were flooded rivers and landslips on the 24th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Cheviot
Map Location: -42.815812 173.265245
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe telegraphic wires were down north of Cheviot on the evening of the 27th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

CommentA strong southwester and heavy rain fell on the night of the 26th. The gale abated on the 27th.

CommentA strong northwester and heavy rain fell on the night of the 27th.

Affected LifelineRailway traffic north and south was interrupted. Traffic on the north line was resumed on the 2nd January.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentA very heavy storm of rain fell all evening and night on the 30th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Opuha
Map Location: -44.162675 171.008791
Comments:

CommentOn the 26th it rained very hard at Opuha.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pareora River
Map Location: -44.383414 170.992656
Comments:

CommentOn the 26th it rained very hard as far down as the Pareora Gorge.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Rangitata
Map Location: -44.066216 171.375314
Comments:

CommentThe hot northwester on the night of the 26th melted masses of snow and sent it in volumes down the Rangitata River.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe flood in the Rangitata River was subsiding on the 27th, but a heavy fresh was running nearly all night on the 28th and the next morning.

Affected LifelineConsiderable damage was done to the Rangitata bridge by the flood on the 27th and 28th. The south pier was carried away and later the north end of the bridge was gone altogether. The southern approach was scoured and a portion of the earthwork was carried away. All communication over the bridge was entirely suspended for days. Rail communication on the southern line was partly restored on the 1st January and could carry foot passengers. Through traffic to Dunedin was to be resumed on the 4th.

DamageTwo new piers were built, at a cost of several hundred pounds.

CasualtiesA man named William Williams was drowned in the Rangitata River on the evening of the 26th when he fell out of the ferry boat while crossing.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

CommentA strong northwester blew from the 27th till the 28th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain on the hills on the afternoon of the 28th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe interruption of good traffic due to the damage to the Rangitata railway bridge caused great inconvenience in Timaru, as large quantities of stocks were accumulating.

CommentThe Opihi and Orari Rivers were rising slowly on the evening of the 30th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageThe heavy northeasterly sea running on the 27th further encroached on the formed land between the breakwater and the Government Landing Service. By evening the earth had given way to within 1 or 2 ft (31-61 cm) of the contractor's blacksmith shop.

FloodingFlooding at Waimakariri River
Map Location: -43.442439 172.509438
Comments:

CommentThe Waimakariri River was rising on the 28th. It was still very high on the 31st.

DamageSerious damage was done by the flood in the Waimakariri River.

Otago

FloodingFlooding at Arrowtown
Map Location: -44.94325 168.817377
Comments:

Affected LifelineDirect coach communication was stopped at Owen's Punt near Arrowtown.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Balclutha
Map Location: -46.23013 169.733472
Comments:

CommentA strong gale blew from the afternoon of the 27th until the 28th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe river was in in high flood and rising very slowly on the 28th.

CommentThe protective works prevented the town from being flooded.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Clyde
Map Location: -45.187564 169.329189
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain up country of Clyde.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe river was very high on the 29th, running above the old suspension bridge. The water went down on the morning of the 28th but had risen 3 ft (91 cm) since the night of the 28th.

FloodingFlooding at Waitaki River
Map Location: -44.896262 170.92593
Comments:

CommentThe Waitaki River was flooded.

References

Headline: Balclutha, 28th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, 28th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Clyde, 29th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 30 December 1878.
Headline: Greymouth, 28th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 30 December 1878.
Headline: Ashburton, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Hokitika, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Oamaru, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Timaru, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, 2nd January.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 2 January 1879.
Headline: The Grey River Argus, Saturday, December 28, 1878.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Reefton news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The Grey River Argus, Monday, December 30, 1878.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The weather and the crops.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Canterbury news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 2 January 1879.
Headline: Christchurch news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 2 January 1879.
Headline: Christchurch, December 27.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Hokitika, December 27.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, January 2.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Christchurch, January 3.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Timaru, January 3.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Hokitika, December 28th.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Damage to the Rangitata Railway Bridge.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Interruption of telegraphic communication.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: The reclaimed land.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Death from drowning.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The Rangitata Railway Bridge.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 31 December 1878.
Headline: The rivers.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 31 December 1878.
Headline: The rivers.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 31 December 1878.

ModerateDecember 1878 South Island Flooding ( 1878-12-23 )

Northwest winds and heavy rain caused flooding in parts of the West Coast, Canterbury and Otago.

South Island

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at South Island
Duration:   8  days - From the 23rd till the 30th of December.
Comments:

ImpactThe coach from Christchurch to Greymouth did not arrive.

Affected LifelineA great deal of damage was done to the Greymouth-Christchurch road in several places.

West Coast

FloodingFlooding at West Coast
Comments:

CommentThe rivers and creeks up the Grey Valley were in high flood, but not as high as on former occasions.

FloodingFlooding at Arahura River
Map Location: -42.699948 171.056744
Comments:

Affected LifelineAbout four chains near the approach to the Arahura bridge was washed away by the flood on the 24th. The coach for Kumara from Greymouth had to return. On the night of the 26th the northern approach was entirely swept away. The telegraph wires were swaying about on the bridge. The smaller span of the upper bridge was completely washed away. Traffic by this route was stopped for weeks.

DamageImmense damage was done between the Upper and Lower Crossing. On the north bank of the river the protective work at the native land was carried away for a great part. On the farm of Mr Bladdier, acres of land was carried away. The contractor of the protective works lost some 40 large trunks that had been left on the bank. The river was beginning to eat away Mr Bathe's land.

CommentOn the night of the 26th, what appeared to be a sea was running beween the north end of the bridge and the portion of road visible.

Affected LifelineThe road between the two crossings was gone altogether in various places. The river was rushing over the road in many places. At Bathe's the road was gone completely.

Damage CostThe damage to the Christchurch road between the two crossings would take more than £1000 ($138,340 2008 dollars) to repair.

CommentThe creeks between the two crossings were rising rapidly.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain fell in the Greymouth area with only slight intermission from the 26th till the 30th. It rained almost incessantly from 2pm on the 27th until the morning of the 29th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere was a flood on the 23rd and 24th.

Affected LifelineA number of embankments and approaches to bridges were carried away.

CommentThe rivers were in full flood on the 28th. The Grey River was near its highest.

ImpactThe races had to be postponed on the 28th and 29th as the racecourse was under water.

Physical CharacteristicOn the evening of the 29th there was nearly 2 ft (61 cm) of water on the racecourse.

ImpactThe mails from Christchurch on the 24th were four days late.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

CommentIt was still raining heavily in Hokitika on the 30th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageGreat damage was done at Hoktika. A great part of the piles of the old wharf on Gibson's Quay were carried away by the current on the 27th. 24,000 feet of timber from the wharf was taken away by the flood and carried out to sea.

Affected LifelineCommunication was cut off in various directions. It was impossible to despatch the mails and the telegraph lines were down. The approaches to the bridges were much damaged.

Damage CostThe damage done by the floods would cost the county several thousand pounds (several hundred thousand 2008 dollars).

CommentThe flood had gone done on the 27th.

CommentThe rivers were flooded again on the 28th.

DamageThe damage done to roads and bridges would take the County three month's revenue to repair.

FloodingFlooding at Reefton
Map Location: -42.109955 171.867076
Comments:

CommentReefton had very heavy rain and floods.

CasualtiesA man named Donald McGillivray was drowned in the Inangahua River on the night of the 26th.

FloodingFlooding at Ross
Map Location: -42.895962 170.818481
Comments:

CommentThe flood was equally high at Ross as it was in Greymouth.

ImpactPortions of the town were submerged when the storm channel overflowed.

DamageA considerable amount of property was destroyed. The Jones' Creek storm water channel was carried away.

Damage CostIt was estimated that more than £800 ($110,670 2008 dollars) would be needed to restore the Borough Council property destroyed.

FloodingFlooding at Taipo Bluff
Map Location: -42.740381 171.397487
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe wire suspension bridge was covered with rushing waters.

CommentIt was said that the Taipo had not been so high for the last 13 years.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal at Wanganui Bluff
Map Location: -43.03169 170.439891
Comments:

ImpactThe schooner Mabel Jane went ashore on the beach at Wanganui Bluff, about 20 miles (32 km) south of Hokitika.

Canterbury

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Albury
Map Location: -44.231874 170.875018
Comments:

CommentOn the 26th it rained very hard at Albury.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ashburton
Map Location: -43.902384 171.736416
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain set in in Ashburton on the 30th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Bealey
Map Location: -43.033326 171.629765
Comments:

CommentThe weather at Bealey was described as awful.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Cass
Map Location: -43.036516 171.750584
Comments:

CommentThere were flooded rivers and landslips on the 24th.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Cheviot
Map Location: -42.815812 173.265245
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe telegraphic wires were down north of Cheviot on the evening of the 27th.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

CommentA strong southwester and heavy rain fell on the night of the 26th. The gale abated on the 27th.

CommentA strong northwester and heavy rain fell on the night of the 27th.

Affected LifelineRailway traffic north and south was interrupted. Traffic on the north line was resumed on the 2nd January.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentA very heavy storm of rain fell all evening and night on the 30th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Opuha
Map Location: -44.162675 171.008791
Comments:

CommentOn the 26th it rained very hard at Opuha.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pareora River
Map Location: -44.383414 170.992656
Comments:

CommentOn the 26th it rained very hard as far down as the Pareora Gorge.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Rangitata
Map Location: -44.066216 171.375314
Comments:

CommentThe hot northwester on the night of the 26th melted masses of snow and sent it in volumes down the Rangitata River.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe flood in the Rangitata River was subsiding on the 27th, but a heavy fresh was running nearly all night on the 28th and the next morning.

Affected LifelineConsiderable damage was done to the Rangitata bridge by the flood on the 27th and 28th. The south pier was carried away and later the north end of the bridge was gone altogether. The southern approach was scoured and a portion of the earthwork was carried away. All communication over the bridge was entirely suspended for days. Rail communication on the southern line was partly restored on the 1st January and could carry foot passengers. Through traffic to Dunedin was to be resumed on the 4th.

DamageTwo new piers were built, at a cost of several hundred pounds.

CasualtiesA man named William Williams was drowned in the Rangitata River on the evening of the 26th when he fell out of the ferry boat while crossing.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

CommentA strong northwester blew from the 27th till the 28th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain on the hills on the afternoon of the 28th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe interruption of good traffic due to the damage to the Rangitata railway bridge caused great inconvenience in Timaru, as large quantities of stocks were accumulating.

CommentThe Opihi and Orari Rivers were rising slowly on the evening of the 30th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageThe heavy northeasterly sea running on the 27th further encroached on the formed land between the breakwater and the Government Landing Service. By evening the earth had given way to within 1 or 2 ft (31-61 cm) of the contractor's blacksmith shop.

FloodingFlooding at Waimakariri River
Map Location: -43.442439 172.509438
Comments:

CommentThe Waimakariri River was rising on the 28th. It was still very high on the 31st.

DamageSerious damage was done by the flood in the Waimakariri River.

Otago

FloodingFlooding at Arrowtown
Map Location: -44.94325 168.817377
Comments:

Affected LifelineDirect coach communication was stopped at Owen's Punt near Arrowtown.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Balclutha
Map Location: -46.23013 169.733472
Comments:

CommentA strong gale blew from the afternoon of the 27th until the 28th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe river was in in high flood and rising very slowly on the 28th.

CommentThe protective works prevented the town from being flooded.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Clyde
Map Location: -45.187564 169.329189
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain up country of Clyde.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe river was very high on the 29th, running above the old suspension bridge. The water went down on the morning of the 28th but had risen 3 ft (91 cm) since the night of the 28th.

FloodingFlooding at Waitaki River
Map Location: -44.896262 170.92593
Comments:

CommentThe Waitaki River was flooded.

References

Headline: Balclutha, 28th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, 28th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Clyde, 29th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 30 December 1878.
Headline: Greymouth, 28th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 30 December 1878.
Headline: Ashburton, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Hokitika, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Oamaru, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Timaru, 30th December.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, 2nd January.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 2 January 1879.
Headline: The Grey River Argus, Saturday, December 28, 1878.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Reefton news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The Grey River Argus, Monday, December 30, 1878.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The weather and the crops.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 31 December 1878.
Headline: Canterbury news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 2 January 1879.
Headline: Christchurch news.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Grey River Argus, 2 January 1879.
Headline: Christchurch, December 27.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Hokitika, December 27.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Christchurch, January 2.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Christchurch, January 3.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Timaru, January 3.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: North Otago Times, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Hokitika, December 28th.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 4 January 1879.
Headline: Damage to the Rangitata Railway Bridge.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Interruption of telegraphic communication.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: The reclaimed land.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 28 December 1878.
Headline: Death from drowning.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 30 December 1878.
Headline: The Rangitata Railway Bridge.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 31 December 1878.
Headline: The rivers.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 31 December 1878.
Headline: The rivers.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 31 December 1878.