NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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April 1938 New Zealand Flooding ( 1938-04-12 )

Heavy rain over Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, West Coast and Canterbury lead to flooding. Worst affected was the Marlborough Sounds which experienced extensive landslides due to the heavy rain.

Taranaki

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taranaki
Comments:

CommentUp to the 15th there was prolonged torrential rain between Whangamomona and Stratford.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactIn Puniwhakau and Matau areas homes were isolated.

Affected LifelineWashouts occurred and two bridges were washed away.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads throughout district were blocked by slips and flood waters.

Damage CostThe damage to roads in Stratford and Whangamomona counties was £4,962 ($454,100 2009 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mount Egmont
Map Location: -39.295865 174.063806
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMt Egmont Hostel recorded 29.7cm of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Stratford
Map Location: -39.343721 174.267614
Comments:

ImpactExtensive damage was done to roads and farms.

Affected LifelineSlips and washouts blocked the Stratford Main trunk railway between Huiroa and Ngatimaru

CommentThe low lying valley was flooded.

Affected LifelineThe bridge over Douglas South Road was undermined.

CommentDamage was serious but the flood was not as bad as the 1935 flood.

Affected LifelineTelephone communication from Stratford was interrupted by stormy weather.

Affected LifelineThe road between Straford and Te Wera was blocked.

FloodingFlooding at Huiroa
Map Location: -39.24753 174.47031
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads were covered by flood waters in many places. Most of the roads from Huiroa to Kiore and from Douglas to Huiroa Saddle Road were underwater.

FloodingFlooding at Kiore
Map Location: -39.22547 174.53615
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe ballast was washed out from under the line between Huiroa and Kiore and along Te Wera flat.

Affected LifelineThe roads between Kiore and Matau and between Kiore and Te Wera was blocked.

Affected LifelineConsiderable damage was done to the road at Kiore flat.

FloodingFlooding at Whangamomona
Map Location: -39.14434 174.73883
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Auckland to New Plymouth rail express was stopped at Whangamomona.

LandslideLandslide at Makahu
Map Location: -39.28994 174.62893
Comments:

Affected LifelineBrewer Road between Makahu and Strathmore was blocked by eight slips and the river. The Mangaehu Road to the north was also blocked.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Stock DamageSome of the heaviest stock losses were in and around Makahu. Many sheep were washed away.

Affected LifelineMany small private bridges were washed away.

ImpactHomes were isolated.

Affected LifelineThe Upper Mangaehu Road running eastwards from Makahu Village was more damaged than any other road.

Property DamageFarms were lost to the river and many paddocks were ruined by silt and debris.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pohangina
Map Location: -40.171879 175.782007
Comments:

DamageOn the 15th a cloudburst caused flooding and considerable damage to a bridge, some roads, houses and farmland.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

ImpactIt was estimated that 30,000 cubic yards of soil washed down Te Awa Stream and deposited over 100 acres of land at the bottom of valley.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Damage CostThe bridge at Te Awa Road subsided 3 ft (0.91m) and the damage done was estimated at £400 ($36,600 2009 dollars).

CommentTe Awa Stream at its peak was 30 ft (9.1m) wide and 20 ft (6.1m) deep.

DamageFarms were damaged by deposits of silt.

Affected LifelineRoads in the district suffered extensively through washouts.

Marlborough

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Marlborough
Comments:

ImpactIt had rained heavily for two days previous and culminated into a terrific downpour on the 14th which caused serious flooding and dislocation of traffic.

CommentThe Marlborough Sounds area experienced the most intense falls of rain.

CommentA cloud-burst occurred at French Pass.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWairau River rose 12 ft 6 in (3.81m) above normal at Morrin's Hollow.

Affected LifelineBranch Bridge on Tophouse Road was severely damaged.

Damage CostDamage to Admiralty and Pukatea Bay was £4,450 ($407,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostTotal damage throughout Marlborough Sounds was £6,500 ($595,000 2009 dollars).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

CommentTurner Peak had huge slips which formed mud flows that came down the slope in all directions.

ImpactMany slips fell across creek beds. Water was held up before breaking through suddenly carrying hundreds of tons of boulders with it.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Blenheim
Map Location: -41.517124 173.949021
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicBlenheim recorded 1.18 in (3.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicBlenheim recorded 2.15 in (5.46cm) of rain over three days.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain from up country lead to Wairau River in high flood.

Affected LifelineThe river cut road communication between Blenheim and Nelson and between Blenheim and Picton.

Affected LifelineThere was extensive damage done to Wairau Bridge. Eight miles from Blenheim, piles of three spans were washed out, causing deck to subside and making the bridge unusable.

Affected LifelineThere was similar damage to the bridge over the Branch River where piles of one span was washed out but it remained open to light traffic.

Affected LifelineThe Wairau was running bank to bank and inundated the Blenheim to Picton highway at several points, making it unfit for traffic.

ImpactNorth Island motorists arriving by the Cook Strait steamer were marooned at Picton because hotels were already full.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Spring Creek
Map Location: -41.460434 173.962626
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSpring Creek recorded 3.31 in (8.41cm) of rain in three days.

Physical CharacteristicSpring Creek recorded 1.87 in (4.75cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Havelock
Map Location: -41.278554 173.755773
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHavelock recorded 5.81 in (14.76cm) of rain over three days.

Physical CharacteristicHavelock recorded 2.00 in (5.08cm) of rain in five hours.

LandslideLandslide at Nelson
Map Location: -41.268476 173.297338
Comments:

DamageA house was badly damaged by a landslide which went through the building and practically all the contents were lost.

LandslideLandslide at Bulwer
Map Location: -40.94348 173.94703
Comments:

DamageA woolshed at Bulwer was seriously damaged.

ImpactA house had water and silt throughout it.

Affected LifelineMany telephone lines were down.

LandslideLandslide at Turners Bay
Map Location: -40.94041 173.90809
Comments:

DamageA house was destroyed when flood waters swept tonnes of boulders right through it.

ImpactThousands of tons of boulders came down and covered four acres where houses stood to a depth of 10 ft (3.05m). Some boulders were estimated to weigh 30 tonnes each.

CasualtiesA 57 year old male who suffered from a weak heart, died of shock as the boulders came down.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentTurners Bay also experienced an electrical storm.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentAll the houses around Admiralty Bay were affected to some extent.

ImpactA creek broke its banks and poured through a house with devastation force. The rooms in the house were piled up to the window sills with silt.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Puketea Bay
Map Location: -41.20293 174.01199
Comments:

ImpactWith the heavy rain huge slips occurred on the hills.

CommentNot in the memory of the oldest settlers has anything of this severity ever happened in this area before.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

DamageThree houses were completely wrecked.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentThere was thunder and lightning at Pukatea Bay.

LandslideLandslide at Pelorus Sound
Map Location: -41.13129 173.87356
Comments:

DamageAnother building was badly damaged by a landslide which went through the house.

LandslideLandslide at Orchard Bay
Map Location: -40.9562 174.06726
Comments:

DamageA homestead was practically ruined as it was covered by boulders from a landslide.

West Coast

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at West Coast
Duration:   4  days - From the 12th to the 15th.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CauseWarm north-westerly wind melted snow in back country ranges and brought heavy flooding to West Coast rivers.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

CommentHokitika River was swollen by torrential rains and winds of gale force since the 12th and overflowed its banks late on the night of the 14th. Incoming spring tides and unusually rough seas had backed up flood water in the river.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe harbourmaster at Hokitika broadcast a warning early on the evening of the 14th that flooding could be epected between 10-11pm.

ImpactSoon after 10pm the river overflowed, first at the end of Bealey and Fitzherbert Streets.

EvacueesResidents and busines people were forced to vacate premises hastily as the flood waters invaded.

Physical CharacteristicIt was a brief but serious flooding with a third of the town of Hokitika flooded to an average depth of one foot (0.3m).

DamageConsiderable damage was caused by water entering many houses and a few shops. There was much silt and mud deposited.

CasualtiesThere was no loss of life.

Physical CharacteristicAt 10pm the river was running bank to bank at rate of 13 knots (24km/hr).

CommentWater was approximately two feet from the decking of the three-quarter-mile long wooden combined rail and traffic bridge close to the heart of town.

ImpactA large number of gardens and lawns were completely under water.

Physical CharacteristicSome houses were invaded to a depth of over two feet (0.61m).

CommentGibson's Quay, along the river front, suffered severely.

ImpactWeld Street became a small swiftly flowing river with water right up to top step of the Regent Picture Theatre.

CommentAt its peak, the flood was within 5 in (12.7cm) of the disastrous flood two or three years ago.

EvacueesA house on McIntosh's Island in the centre of the river was practically submerged and a woman needed to be rescued by boat.

ImpactThe flood broke the bank on the south side of river and covered Hokitika Aerodrome with water but no damage caused.

CommentWater ceased to flow into town at approximately 11pm with turn of the tide, but didn't recede altogether until early on the morning of the 15th.

ImpactAt one stage it was impossible for settlers to gain access to Arahura Valley district or to leave.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

ImpactAt the beach at the back of Revell Street, pure white foam to depth of 12 or 14 ft extended northwards for miles. It completely obliterated beach and a broad fringe of grass and lupins 60 ft (18m) away from the high water mark. The foam contained a big percentage of sand, indicating the force of the pounding seas.

FogFog
Comments:

CommentSoon after 2:30am on the 15th there was a blanket of dense fog from Hokitika to Kumara Junction for approximately 24 kilometres.

FloodingFlooding at Kokatahi
Map Location: -42.832638 171.023809
Comments:

ImpactKokatahi River burst its banks and inundated a large area of valuable grazing land.

DamageIt was reported that flooding in Kokatahi and Kowhitirangi districts caused considerable damage by erosion.

Stock DamageStock losses were stated to have been large.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGreymouth recorded 64 points (2.26cm) in 24 hours to 9am on the 15th.

CommentHeavy rain in the high country turned upper regions of the Grey Valley into sheets of water.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentBoth the Little Grey and Big Grey Rivers rose rapidly. Grey River was in high flood on the 14th and the 15th but had a sudden abatement at 11pm on the 15th.

Physical CharacteristicCurrent was running at between 10 and 13 knots (19-24km/hr).

ImpactNo flooding occurred in town.

ImpactSome areas of Grey Valley were inundated.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineSeveral roads were blocked by slips and washouts.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ikamatua
Map Location: -42.395326 171.44647
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain hit the Ikamatua district.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineMost of the area from Ikamatua to Merrijigs and Rough Stream was cut off from the 13th to the morning of the 15th.

Affected LifelineRoad and bridges were covered by a sheet of water.

LandslideLandslide at Rewanui
Map Location: -42.375912 171.316415
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a small slip on the branch line to Rewanui on the West Coast.

Canterbury

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Canterbury
Duration:   3  days - There was heavy rain from the 13th to the 15th resulting in widespread flooding throughout the province.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentSome farmland was flooded.

CommentMany Canterbury rivers were in high flood by the morning of the 15th.

CommentRaikaia and Rangitata Rivers were swollen to an extent unknown for years, causing much damage.

Affected LifelineMinor slips and washouts occurred in numerous places and several roads were blocked.

Affected LifelineExcursion trains from West Coast to Christchurch were delayed.

Affected LifelineIt was impossible for motorists to use a portion of the highway between Bankside and Rakaia Bridge which was still under water on the night of the 15th.

ImpactOn the West Coast route the fords were running high with flood waters, but traffic was able to go through.

Affected LifelineLewis Pass route was blocked at Springs Junction and access to the West Coast on this road was still impassable on the 16th.

CommentThe Waimakariri River carried a heavy volume but the banks stood up well.

FloodingFlooding at Lake Coleridge
Map Location: -43.21767 171.45723
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHarper River had a peak discharge of 3180 cusecs (90 cumecs) at Lake Coleridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicChristchurch recorded 1.71 in (4.34cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Geraldine
Map Location: -44.091052 171.227259
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGeraldine recorded 2.77 in (7.04cm) of rain over three days.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageDamage in Geraldine County was light with only some fords to repair and scouring of roads.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTimaru recorded 2.39 in (6.07cm) of rain in three days from the 12th to 8:30am on the 15th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal at South Bay
Map Location: -42.42235 173.68189
Comments:

CasualtiesOn the 12th, a 25 year old male and a 46 year old male went missing when they were fishing in heavy weather. No trace of men was found and they were presumed drowned.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Rakaia River
Map Location: -43.5451 171.7202
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAs a result of heavy rain on the 13th and 14th the Rakaia River rose 9ft (2.74m). It was the most serious flood in several years.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageThe river caused damage to the Rakaia road bridge under construction and pylon casings for new railway bridge.

Damage CostThe new railway bridge under construction had damage worth £400 ($36,600 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThere was estimated that between £300-400 ($27,500-$36,600 2009 dollars) in damage was caused at the traffic bridge construction works.

CommentThe river reached its greatest height at approximately 3am on the 15th. At its peak the river covered the decking of the old wooden bridge for about 20 metres and overflowed its north bank.

Affected LifelineThe river formed a sheet of water 4 ft (1.22m) deep which blocked the Main South Road for for approximately 200 m and traffic had to detour. A considerable part of Greendale Road was also flooded.

DamageAt the south end of the river the bank was scoured out for approximately 20 metres, undermining the shingle screening and crushing plant. It left the crusher completely submerged and the screener a mass of wreckage.

EvacueesMen and families living on the west side of the river were forced to leave their homes for an hour or two after midnight.

Physical CharacteristicThe river flooded four of the six workmen's huts on railway bridge to a height of 4 or 5 ft (1.22-1.52m).

Stock DamageFowls kept by the workmen were drowned.

Affected LifelineDebris, tree trunks and branches carried down by river caused considerable trouble with the wires of the railway telephone running along the bridge and some wires were broken.

Damage CostA chest of tools at the bridge works worth £80 ($7300 2009 dollars) was carried away.

InjuriesDuring salvaging a man came into contact with a 400-volt wire, he was thrown back against the foreman who fell over and was unable to move. They both received serious shocks but were not injured.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitata River
Map Location: -43.98151 171.306532
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRangiata River reached its highest level since 1913 with a peak discharge of 60,000 cusecs (1699 cumecs) at the irrigation intake.

CommentWaters were at a peak level on the evening of the 14th.

DamageMuch of the plant used in traffic bridge construction was awash when flood was at its peak and a considerable quantity of timber was washed downstream.

ImpactA truck was capsized in the river and another truck at the south end of the bridge was embedded to the axle in river mud.

DamageWater also caught a tractor engine, a tractor and a concrete-mixer.

DamageAt the south bridge much of the plant for construction of the new railway bridge was surounded by water but there was no great damage done.

Affected LifelineThe road to Rangitata Island was impassable on the evening of the 14th.

CommentWater carried in the south branch of Rangitata River was probably the greatest on record.

DamageConsiderable damage was done to the contractors plant.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Arthur's Pass
Map Location: -42.905834 171.549329
Comments:

Affected LifelineHeavy rain in the early evening on the 15th loosened the railway tracks.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a wash-out on the rail line seven miles from Arthur's Pass on the Christchurch side of the ranges.

Affected LifelineThe washout delayed eight trains late on the night of the 15th. 1200 pasengers were delayed for one and a half hours.

FloodingFlooding at Ashburton
Map Location: -43.902384 171.736416
Comments:

CommentAshburton River reached its highest level for many years on the morning of the 15th.

Affected LifelineIn the south branch an electric power pole was carried away, breaking connections and leaving Mayfield and Ruapuna districts without power. It was not restored until the 16th.

DamageThe river broke its banks at Winchmore, flooding several paddocks of young grass, but no damage was reported.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Physical Characteristic6 in (15.24cm) of snow fell at Ashburton Gorge and there were heavier falls on the main ranges.

References

Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Taranaki Catchment Commission and Regional Water Board Technical Report 82-4. Flood Events in Taranaki.
Headline: Floods and Slips, railway line to north blocked.
Taranaki Herald, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Slips on line, Kiore tunnel sealed.
Taranaki Herald, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Flood damage, inspection made.
Taranaki Herald, 18 April 1938.
Headline: A Sad Tragedy, Father and Son Drowned.
The Kaikoura Star, 14 April 1938.
Headline: Coudburst in Sounds.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Rakaia River in flood.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Terrifying Experiences, Mount Turner Cloudburst.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 18 April 1938.
Headline: Ashburton River Breaks Banks.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Bridge Works Awash.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Hokitika River Rises.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Holiday Traffic Interrupted.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Roads Reported Clear.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Wash-out on Railway.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Widespread Flooding.
The Press, 16 April 1938.

April 1938 New Zealand Flooding ( 1938-04-12 )

Heavy rain over Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, West Coast and Canterbury lead to flooding. Worst affected was the Marlborough Sounds which experienced extensive landslides due to the heavy rain.

Taranaki

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taranaki
Comments:

CommentUp to the 15th there was prolonged torrential rain between Whangamomona and Stratford.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactIn Puniwhakau and Matau areas homes were isolated.

Affected LifelineWashouts occurred and two bridges were washed away.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads throughout district were blocked by slips and flood waters.

Damage CostThe damage to roads in Stratford and Whangamomona counties was £4,962 ($454,100 2009 dollars).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Mount Egmont
Map Location: -39.295865 174.063806
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicMt Egmont Hostel recorded 29.7cm of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Stratford
Map Location: -39.343721 174.267614
Comments:

ImpactExtensive damage was done to roads and farms.

Affected LifelineSlips and washouts blocked the Stratford Main trunk railway between Huiroa and Ngatimaru

CommentThe low lying valley was flooded.

Affected LifelineThe bridge over Douglas South Road was undermined.

CommentDamage was serious but the flood was not as bad as the 1935 flood.

Affected LifelineTelephone communication from Stratford was interrupted by stormy weather.

Affected LifelineThe road between Straford and Te Wera was blocked.

FloodingFlooding at Huiroa
Map Location: -39.24753 174.47031
Comments:

Affected LifelineRoads were covered by flood waters in many places. Most of the roads from Huiroa to Kiore and from Douglas to Huiroa Saddle Road were underwater.

FloodingFlooding at Kiore
Map Location: -39.22547 174.53615
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe ballast was washed out from under the line between Huiroa and Kiore and along Te Wera flat.

Affected LifelineThe roads between Kiore and Matau and between Kiore and Te Wera was blocked.

Affected LifelineConsiderable damage was done to the road at Kiore flat.

FloodingFlooding at Whangamomona
Map Location: -39.14434 174.73883
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe Auckland to New Plymouth rail express was stopped at Whangamomona.

LandslideLandslide at Makahu
Map Location: -39.28994 174.62893
Comments:

Affected LifelineBrewer Road between Makahu and Strathmore was blocked by eight slips and the river. The Mangaehu Road to the north was also blocked.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Stock DamageSome of the heaviest stock losses were in and around Makahu. Many sheep were washed away.

Affected LifelineMany small private bridges were washed away.

ImpactHomes were isolated.

Affected LifelineThe Upper Mangaehu Road running eastwards from Makahu Village was more damaged than any other road.

Property DamageFarms were lost to the river and many paddocks were ruined by silt and debris.

Manawatu-Wanganui

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pohangina
Map Location: -40.171879 175.782007
Comments:

DamageOn the 15th a cloudburst caused flooding and considerable damage to a bridge, some roads, houses and farmland.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

ImpactIt was estimated that 30,000 cubic yards of soil washed down Te Awa Stream and deposited over 100 acres of land at the bottom of valley.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Damage CostThe bridge at Te Awa Road subsided 3 ft (0.91m) and the damage done was estimated at £400 ($36,600 2009 dollars).

CommentTe Awa Stream at its peak was 30 ft (9.1m) wide and 20 ft (6.1m) deep.

DamageFarms were damaged by deposits of silt.

Affected LifelineRoads in the district suffered extensively through washouts.

Marlborough

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Marlborough
Comments:

ImpactIt had rained heavily for two days previous and culminated into a terrific downpour on the 14th which caused serious flooding and dislocation of traffic.

CommentThe Marlborough Sounds area experienced the most intense falls of rain.

CommentA cloud-burst occurred at French Pass.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWairau River rose 12 ft 6 in (3.81m) above normal at Morrin's Hollow.

Affected LifelineBranch Bridge on Tophouse Road was severely damaged.

Damage CostDamage to Admiralty and Pukatea Bay was £4,450 ($407,000 2009 dollars).

Damage CostTotal damage throughout Marlborough Sounds was £6,500 ($595,000 2009 dollars).

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

CommentTurner Peak had huge slips which formed mud flows that came down the slope in all directions.

ImpactMany slips fell across creek beds. Water was held up before breaking through suddenly carrying hundreds of tons of boulders with it.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Blenheim
Map Location: -41.517124 173.949021
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicBlenheim recorded 1.18 in (3.0 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicBlenheim recorded 2.15 in (5.46cm) of rain over three days.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain from up country lead to Wairau River in high flood.

Affected LifelineThe river cut road communication between Blenheim and Nelson and between Blenheim and Picton.

Affected LifelineThere was extensive damage done to Wairau Bridge. Eight miles from Blenheim, piles of three spans were washed out, causing deck to subside and making the bridge unusable.

Affected LifelineThere was similar damage to the bridge over the Branch River where piles of one span was washed out but it remained open to light traffic.

Affected LifelineThe Wairau was running bank to bank and inundated the Blenheim to Picton highway at several points, making it unfit for traffic.

ImpactNorth Island motorists arriving by the Cook Strait steamer were marooned at Picton because hotels were already full.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Spring Creek
Map Location: -41.460434 173.962626
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSpring Creek recorded 3.31 in (8.41cm) of rain in three days.

Physical CharacteristicSpring Creek recorded 1.87 in (4.75cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Havelock
Map Location: -41.278554 173.755773
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHavelock recorded 5.81 in (14.76cm) of rain over three days.

Physical CharacteristicHavelock recorded 2.00 in (5.08cm) of rain in five hours.

LandslideLandslide at Nelson
Map Location: -41.268476 173.297338
Comments:

DamageA house was badly damaged by a landslide which went through the building and practically all the contents were lost.

LandslideLandslide at Bulwer
Map Location: -40.94348 173.94703
Comments:

DamageA woolshed at Bulwer was seriously damaged.

ImpactA house had water and silt throughout it.

Affected LifelineMany telephone lines were down.

LandslideLandslide at Turners Bay
Map Location: -40.94041 173.90809
Comments:

DamageA house was destroyed when flood waters swept tonnes of boulders right through it.

ImpactThousands of tons of boulders came down and covered four acres where houses stood to a depth of 10 ft (3.05m). Some boulders were estimated to weigh 30 tonnes each.

CasualtiesA 57 year old male who suffered from a weak heart, died of shock as the boulders came down.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentTurners Bay also experienced an electrical storm.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentAll the houses around Admiralty Bay were affected to some extent.

ImpactA creek broke its banks and poured through a house with devastation force. The rooms in the house were piled up to the window sills with silt.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Puketea Bay
Map Location: -41.20293 174.01199
Comments:

ImpactWith the heavy rain huge slips occurred on the hills.

CommentNot in the memory of the oldest settlers has anything of this severity ever happened in this area before.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

DamageThree houses were completely wrecked.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentThere was thunder and lightning at Pukatea Bay.

LandslideLandslide at Pelorus Sound
Map Location: -41.13129 173.87356
Comments:

DamageAnother building was badly damaged by a landslide which went through the house.

LandslideLandslide at Orchard Bay
Map Location: -40.9562 174.06726
Comments:

DamageA homestead was practically ruined as it was covered by boulders from a landslide.

West Coast

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at West Coast
Duration:   4  days - From the 12th to the 15th.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CauseWarm north-westerly wind melted snow in back country ranges and brought heavy flooding to West Coast rivers.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Hokitika
Map Location: -42.717176 170.960959
Comments:

CommentHokitika River was swollen by torrential rains and winds of gale force since the 12th and overflowed its banks late on the night of the 14th. Incoming spring tides and unusually rough seas had backed up flood water in the river.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe harbourmaster at Hokitika broadcast a warning early on the evening of the 14th that flooding could be epected between 10-11pm.

ImpactSoon after 10pm the river overflowed, first at the end of Bealey and Fitzherbert Streets.

EvacueesResidents and busines people were forced to vacate premises hastily as the flood waters invaded.

Physical CharacteristicIt was a brief but serious flooding with a third of the town of Hokitika flooded to an average depth of one foot (0.3m).

DamageConsiderable damage was caused by water entering many houses and a few shops. There was much silt and mud deposited.

CasualtiesThere was no loss of life.

Physical CharacteristicAt 10pm the river was running bank to bank at rate of 13 knots (24km/hr).

CommentWater was approximately two feet from the decking of the three-quarter-mile long wooden combined rail and traffic bridge close to the heart of town.

ImpactA large number of gardens and lawns were completely under water.

Physical CharacteristicSome houses were invaded to a depth of over two feet (0.61m).

CommentGibson's Quay, along the river front, suffered severely.

ImpactWeld Street became a small swiftly flowing river with water right up to top step of the Regent Picture Theatre.

CommentAt its peak, the flood was within 5 in (12.7cm) of the disastrous flood two or three years ago.

EvacueesA house on McIntosh's Island in the centre of the river was practically submerged and a woman needed to be rescued by boat.

ImpactThe flood broke the bank on the south side of river and covered Hokitika Aerodrome with water but no damage caused.

CommentWater ceased to flow into town at approximately 11pm with turn of the tide, but didn't recede altogether until early on the morning of the 15th.

ImpactAt one stage it was impossible for settlers to gain access to Arahura Valley district or to leave.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

ImpactAt the beach at the back of Revell Street, pure white foam to depth of 12 or 14 ft extended northwards for miles. It completely obliterated beach and a broad fringe of grass and lupins 60 ft (18m) away from the high water mark. The foam contained a big percentage of sand, indicating the force of the pounding seas.

FogFog
Comments:

CommentSoon after 2:30am on the 15th there was a blanket of dense fog from Hokitika to Kumara Junction for approximately 24 kilometres.

FloodingFlooding at Kokatahi
Map Location: -42.832638 171.023809
Comments:

ImpactKokatahi River burst its banks and inundated a large area of valuable grazing land.

DamageIt was reported that flooding in Kokatahi and Kowhitirangi districts caused considerable damage by erosion.

Stock DamageStock losses were stated to have been large.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Greymouth
Map Location: -42.451212 171.206779
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGreymouth recorded 64 points (2.26cm) in 24 hours to 9am on the 15th.

CommentHeavy rain in the high country turned upper regions of the Grey Valley into sheets of water.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentBoth the Little Grey and Big Grey Rivers rose rapidly. Grey River was in high flood on the 14th and the 15th but had a sudden abatement at 11pm on the 15th.

Physical CharacteristicCurrent was running at between 10 and 13 knots (19-24km/hr).

ImpactNo flooding occurred in town.

ImpactSome areas of Grey Valley were inundated.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineSeveral roads were blocked by slips and washouts.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ikamatua
Map Location: -42.395326 171.44647
Comments:

CommentHeavy rain hit the Ikamatua district.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineMost of the area from Ikamatua to Merrijigs and Rough Stream was cut off from the 13th to the morning of the 15th.

Affected LifelineRoad and bridges were covered by a sheet of water.

LandslideLandslide at Rewanui
Map Location: -42.375912 171.316415
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a small slip on the branch line to Rewanui on the West Coast.

Canterbury

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Canterbury
Duration:   3  days - There was heavy rain from the 13th to the 15th resulting in widespread flooding throughout the province.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentSome farmland was flooded.

CommentMany Canterbury rivers were in high flood by the morning of the 15th.

CommentRaikaia and Rangitata Rivers were swollen to an extent unknown for years, causing much damage.

Affected LifelineMinor slips and washouts occurred in numerous places and several roads were blocked.

Affected LifelineExcursion trains from West Coast to Christchurch were delayed.

Affected LifelineIt was impossible for motorists to use a portion of the highway between Bankside and Rakaia Bridge which was still under water on the night of the 15th.

ImpactOn the West Coast route the fords were running high with flood waters, but traffic was able to go through.

Affected LifelineLewis Pass route was blocked at Springs Junction and access to the West Coast on this road was still impassable on the 16th.

CommentThe Waimakariri River carried a heavy volume but the banks stood up well.

FloodingFlooding at Lake Coleridge
Map Location: -43.21767 171.45723
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHarper River had a peak discharge of 3180 cusecs (90 cumecs) at Lake Coleridge.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicChristchurch recorded 1.71 in (4.34cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Geraldine
Map Location: -44.091052 171.227259
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicGeraldine recorded 2.77 in (7.04cm) of rain over three days.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageDamage in Geraldine County was light with only some fords to repair and scouring of roads.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTimaru recorded 2.39 in (6.07cm) of rain in three days from the 12th to 8:30am on the 15th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal at South Bay
Map Location: -42.42235 173.68189
Comments:

CasualtiesOn the 12th, a 25 year old male and a 46 year old male went missing when they were fishing in heavy weather. No trace of men was found and they were presumed drowned.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Rakaia River
Map Location: -43.5451 171.7202
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAs a result of heavy rain on the 13th and 14th the Rakaia River rose 9ft (2.74m). It was the most serious flood in several years.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageThe river caused damage to the Rakaia road bridge under construction and pylon casings for new railway bridge.

Damage CostThe new railway bridge under construction had damage worth £400 ($36,600 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThere was estimated that between £300-400 ($27,500-$36,600 2009 dollars) in damage was caused at the traffic bridge construction works.

CommentThe river reached its greatest height at approximately 3am on the 15th. At its peak the river covered the decking of the old wooden bridge for about 20 metres and overflowed its north bank.

Affected LifelineThe river formed a sheet of water 4 ft (1.22m) deep which blocked the Main South Road for for approximately 200 m and traffic had to detour. A considerable part of Greendale Road was also flooded.

DamageAt the south end of the river the bank was scoured out for approximately 20 metres, undermining the shingle screening and crushing plant. It left the crusher completely submerged and the screener a mass of wreckage.

EvacueesMen and families living on the west side of the river were forced to leave their homes for an hour or two after midnight.

Physical CharacteristicThe river flooded four of the six workmen's huts on railway bridge to a height of 4 or 5 ft (1.22-1.52m).

Stock DamageFowls kept by the workmen were drowned.

Affected LifelineDebris, tree trunks and branches carried down by river caused considerable trouble with the wires of the railway telephone running along the bridge and some wires were broken.

Damage CostA chest of tools at the bridge works worth £80 ($7300 2009 dollars) was carried away.

InjuriesDuring salvaging a man came into contact with a 400-volt wire, he was thrown back against the foreman who fell over and was unable to move. They both received serious shocks but were not injured.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitata River
Map Location: -43.98151 171.306532
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRangiata River reached its highest level since 1913 with a peak discharge of 60,000 cusecs (1699 cumecs) at the irrigation intake.

CommentWaters were at a peak level on the evening of the 14th.

DamageMuch of the plant used in traffic bridge construction was awash when flood was at its peak and a considerable quantity of timber was washed downstream.

ImpactA truck was capsized in the river and another truck at the south end of the bridge was embedded to the axle in river mud.

DamageWater also caught a tractor engine, a tractor and a concrete-mixer.

DamageAt the south bridge much of the plant for construction of the new railway bridge was surounded by water but there was no great damage done.

Affected LifelineThe road to Rangitata Island was impassable on the evening of the 14th.

CommentWater carried in the south branch of Rangitata River was probably the greatest on record.

DamageConsiderable damage was done to the contractors plant.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Arthur's Pass
Map Location: -42.905834 171.549329
Comments:

Affected LifelineHeavy rain in the early evening on the 15th loosened the railway tracks.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineThere was a wash-out on the rail line seven miles from Arthur's Pass on the Christchurch side of the ranges.

Affected LifelineThe washout delayed eight trains late on the night of the 15th. 1200 pasengers were delayed for one and a half hours.

FloodingFlooding at Ashburton
Map Location: -43.902384 171.736416
Comments:

CommentAshburton River reached its highest level for many years on the morning of the 15th.

Affected LifelineIn the south branch an electric power pole was carried away, breaking connections and leaving Mayfield and Ruapuna districts without power. It was not restored until the 16th.

DamageThe river broke its banks at Winchmore, flooding several paddocks of young grass, but no damage was reported.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Physical Characteristic6 in (15.24cm) of snow fell at Ashburton Gorge and there were heavier falls on the main ranges.

References

Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Taranaki Catchment Commission and Regional Water Board Technical Report 82-4. Flood Events in Taranaki.
Headline: Floods and Slips, railway line to north blocked.
Taranaki Herald, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Slips on line, Kiore tunnel sealed.
Taranaki Herald, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Flood damage, inspection made.
Taranaki Herald, 18 April 1938.
Headline: A Sad Tragedy, Father and Son Drowned.
The Kaikoura Star, 14 April 1938.
Headline: Coudburst in Sounds.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Rakaia River in flood.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Terrifying Experiences, Mount Turner Cloudburst.
The Nelson Evening Mail, 18 April 1938.
Headline: Ashburton River Breaks Banks.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Bridge Works Awash.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Hokitika River Rises.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Holiday Traffic Interrupted.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Roads Reported Clear.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Wash-out on Railway.
The Press, 16 April 1938.
Headline: Widespread Flooding.
The Press, 16 April 1938.