NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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ModerateSeptember 1946 Otago and Canterbury Flooding ( 1946-09-23 )

Heavy rain caused flooding and slips in Otago and Canterbury.

Canterbury

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Canterbury
Duration:   2  days - There was steady rain overnight from the 23rd to the 24th of September.
Comments:

CommentA storm centered in mid Canterbury on the 23rd and the tail-end swept Otago.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactSerious flooding occurred in South Canterbury on the 24th between Temuka and Palmerston, where particularly heavy rain fell.

Affected LifelineFloods blocked the main road at Waihao River, Makikihi, Pareora, Saltwater Creek and Washdyke and detour roads were also impassable.

CommentRivers in South Canterbury were in high flood.

Peak DischargeThere was extensive flooding of Opihi and Temuka Rivers. Both had peak discharges at the highbridges of 30,000 cusecs (850 cumecs).

Affected LifelineSeveral roads were impassable due to floodwaters.

Damage CostThe damage to Waimate county roads was £2350 ($171,150 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe damage to main highways in the province was £305 ($22,200 2009 dollars) and the damage to state highways was £3620 ($263,600 2009 dollars).

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicA north-west gale swept Canterbury and the average strength of wind was 35 miles an hour (56 km/hr).

Affected LifelineThere was some damage to electric power and telephone services around Christchurch.

Peak Wind SpeedPeak gusts of 73 miles an hour (117.5 km/hr) were recorded. And there were several gusts of more than 60 miles an hour (97 km/hr).

CommentSome county districts in North Canterbury also reported strong gusts but there was little permanent damage.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Akaroa
Map Location: -43.806637 172.973757
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAkaroa recorded 3.89 in (9.88 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Cheviot
Map Location: -42.815812 173.265245
Comments:

ImpactMany trees were uprooted and ten sheets of iron were blown from the roof of the town hall.

Affected LifelineThe high tension power supply was interrupted and there was a loss of power to the township.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicChristchurch recorded 2.10 in (5.33 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelephone and power services were disorganised in parts of Burwood, Dallington, Fendalton and lower Styx Road.

ImpactMost of the damage was caused by falling trees and branches.

DamageSuburban fences suffered damage.

Crop DamageThe full force of the gale was felt in Marshland and there was considerable damage done to onion crops.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThere was minor flooding in some parts of the city.

FloodingFlooding at Lyttelton
Map Location: -43.601111 172.721186
Comments:

ImpactAn extensive part of the township was flooded.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Orari Gorge
Map Location: -43.97187 171.18994
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOrari Gorge recorded 2.10 in (5.33 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Pareora
Map Location: -44.486961 171.215526
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree piles of the Pareora railway bridge were washed out, suspending railway services.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pleasant Point
Map Location: -44.258492 171.146343
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPleasant Point recorded 2.75 in (6.99 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Rakaia River
Map Location: -42.63756 171.39125
Comments:

Peak DischargeThe Rakaia River peaked at 58,000 cusecs (1642 cumecs).

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Rangiora
Map Location: -43.309917 172.570905
Comments:

DamageThe gale did a considerable amount of damage in Rangiora.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitata River
Map Location: -43.98151 171.306532
Comments:

Peak DischargeRangitata River at the irrigation intake peaked at 32,000 cusecs (906 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Saltwater Creek
Map Location: -43.264896 172.70856
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe airfield at Saltwater Creek was flooded to depth of 4 ft (1.22 m).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Southbridge
Map Location: -43.81009 172.25057
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSouthbridge recorded 1.98 in (5.03 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTimaru recorded 2.45 in (6.22 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waimate
Map Location: -44.7333 171.055364
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaimate recorded 2.65 in (6.73) of rain in 24 hours.

ImpactHouses were abandoned at Saltwater Creek.

Otago

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Otago
Duration:   3  days - The vigorous tail-end of a storm centered in Mid Canterbury swept Otago for 24 hours on the 24th of September. It brought persistent heavy rain driven by a strong north-easterly wind that at times reached gale force. Severe flooding resulted which lasted until the 26th.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineFlood conditions developed along the eastern coastal belt of the province and blocked main arterial roads north of Dunedin.

CommentIn North Otago, record floods occurred in Kakanui, Shag and Waikouaiti Rivers and smaller streams.

DamageAll streams scoured heavily. The water carried debris which caused widespread damage to fences and bridges.

Stock DamageThere were severe lamb losses.

CommentSerious flooding occurred between Temuka and Palmerston, where particularly heavy rain fell.

Affected LifelineThe Main South Road was comparatively clear of flooding, although one foot (0.31 m) of water lay on highway at Milburn on the 24th.

CommentRain in the south wasn't as heavy or as constant as in Dunedin and North Otago.

Affected LifelineThe creeks at Waitahuna and Glenore on the hgihway between Milton and Queenstown were rising on the afternoon of the 24th but didn't cover the road.

Affected LifelineThere was water over road between Milton and Clarksville, which was caused by a rise in Tokomairiro River.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree slips occurred on the Central Otago railway line between Hindon and Parera, early on the afternoon of the 24th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageThe mole at Otago Heads suffered severe damage from high seas.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Balclutha
Map Location: -46.23013 169.733472
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicBalclutha recorded 1.32 in (3.35 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThere was surface flooding in Balclutha.

FloodingFlooding at Bushey
Map Location: -45.467692 170.775238
Comments:

Affected LifelineShag River covered one length of the State Highway at Bushey.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Clarks Junction
Map Location: -45.72811 170.0472
Comments:

CommentApproximately one inch (3.05 cm) of snow fell on the heights at Clark's Junction on the afternoon of the 24th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunback
Map Location: -45.381213 170.627272
Comments:

CommentLate on the night of the 24th, Shag River was still rising due to heavy rain falling in the area.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentIt was the worst flood for over 30 years at Dunback.

Affected LifelineShag River was in high flood and had risen high enough to make the Pigroot impassable to traffic.

Affected LifelineWater covered the bridge to depth of over 3 ft (0.91 m) and a huge tree carried downstream lodged in framework of the bridge.

Stock DamageThere were some stock losses.

DamageThere was considerable damage to agricultural land in the lower reaches. Much of the tilth and sowings were washed away by the floods.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunedin
Map Location: -45.87911 170.502707
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe hills north of Dunedin recorded 7.20 in (18.29 cm) of rain in 24 hours

Physical CharacteristicSouth of Dunedin recorded 3.54 in (8.99 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicThe north end of Dunedin city recorded over 4 in (10.16 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicThe south end of Dunedin city recorded over 3 in (7.62 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicMusselburgh recorded 4.48 in (11.38 cm) of rain 48 hours.

CommentIn Dunedin, rain poured down incessantly from 6pm on the 23rd, and was still falling steadily early on the morning of the 25th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageThe heavy rain caused flooding which resulted in widespread minor damage throughout the city. Areas to north of the city bore the brunt of the storm in the Otago province.

ImpactThe Leith rose to the sides of the arch of George Street bridge and was partially turbulent in the lower reaches but dropped below danger level towards evening.

Physical CharacteristicLindsay's Creek rose 6 ft (1.83 m) quickly, but had a safety margin of at least 1 ft (0.31 m) at the height of the storm.

DamageNo major damage was reported in the city, although low-lying areas of South Dunedin, St. Kilda and St. Clair suffered flooding in some parts.

ImpactIn a majority of cases stormwater didn't enter houses, although surroundings were inundated.

Affected LifelineGrosvenor Street was flooded for its entire length, with water lapping at the floors of houses and traffic was impassable. Flooding at Grosvenor Street joined that in at Bridgeman Street at the eastern end and water was halfway along Bridgeman Street towards the Drill Hall.

Affected LifelineFurther south, in the area between Cargill Road and Bay View Road, on east side of Prince Albert Road, storm water inundated footpaths and spread nearly to the top of the cambered roads.

Physical CharacteristicIn Surrey Street, South Dunedin, a house was completely surrounded by water 6-9 in (0.15-0.23 m) deep.

Affected LifelineA quarry at Forbury Road acted as a huge catchment area and storm water gradually built up in Surrey Street.

ImpactCarisbrook and other playing fields in the city were covered with sheets of water. The lower portion of the Botanical Gardens also suffered.

ImpactRoofs developed trouble from choked gutters and downpipes. The driving rain found crannles in walls and roofs. A cellar in Lands and Deeds office in Lower High Street accumulated a quantity of water through seepage. Water entered the front of the Police Station, a large printing works suffered from leaks in the roof and a bank and hotel were similarly affected.

DamageThe gale and rain did damage to gardens.

ImpactAt 1am on the 25th, floodwaters at Grosvenor Street had risen into the houses.

ImpactWater lapped the sides of the houses in Broughton and Lorne Streets, South Dunedin, and entered the premises of Wolfenden and Russell on the 25th.

EvacueesThree households in Nairn Street were reported to have been evacuated. And many other people were forced to leave their homes.

Affected LifelineThe express from Christchurch to Invercargill was delayed at Dunedin. There was flood water on the rails on several low-lying places from Pareora southwards.

Affected LifelineOne bus service from Dunedin to Oamaru was cancelled.

Affected LifelineAt a late hour on the 24th, there was some flooding on the roads, south of Dunedin.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineSeveral slips occurred on the road between Macandrew Bay and Dunedin.

Affected LifelineExtensive damage occurred at Pitt Street, St. David Street, Signal Hill Road and Queens Drive due to slips.

ImpactA slip came down the steep bank alongside Rattray Street below St. Joseph's Cathedral. There were several minor slips but apart from the Rattray Street slip, none were reported to have held up traffic and at least one occurred on private property.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentSnow began to fall on the hills surrounding the city and at Leith Valley at 4pm and deepened rapidly. At Flagstaff, snow descended the hill as far as Ashburn Hall. The hills at Dalmore had a thick coating of snow.

FloodingFlooding at Georgetown
Map Location: -44.911961 170.847792
Comments:

Affected LifelineAwamoko Bridge was washed away near Georgetown.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hillgrove
Map Location: -45.36241 170.82019
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHillgrove recorded 2.16 in (5.49 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Kakanui River
Map Location: -45.163042 170.844701
Comments:

ImpactThe swollen Kakanui River was backed up by a high tide. The river burst through the bar at its mouth.

CommentNever in the memory of residents has the Kakanui River been known to rise so swiftly.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Lawrence
Map Location: -45.914289 169.691279
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicLawrence recorded 3.31 in (8.41 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Maheno
Map Location: -45.166605 170.842662
Comments:

ImpactKakanui River was extensively flooded at Maheno Flats.

Affected LifelineWater to depth of 5 ft (1.52 m) was stretched across the flat area between Maheno bridge and Reidston, on the morning of the 24th, on the Main North Road.

FloodingFlooding at Middlemarch
Map Location: -45.508281 170.125395
Comments:

CommentAt Middlemarch, the Taieri River was bank high on the afternoon of the 24th.

FloodingFlooding at Mosgiel
Map Location: -45.882205 170.333108
Comments:

Affected LifelineIn Mosgiel, Owhiro Creek overflowed its banks and a huge broad spread of water flowed across Gordon Road.

ImpactConsiderable quantities of water were lying in the back streets of the township. Lawns and gardens of many homes were completely covered.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Oamaru
Map Location: -45.087138 170.980874
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOamaru recorded 2.61 in (6.63 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageA launch was wrecked in the harbour at Oamaru.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Otago Pensinsula
Map Location: -45.899667 170.698401
Comments:

Affected LifelineRain scoured portions of the bank along the Portobello highway.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentWater cascading over the road into the harbour at many points.

FloodingFlooding at Otokia
Map Location: -45.949801 170.189367
Comments:

Physical Characteristic9 ft (2.74 m) of water covered the railway at Otokia.

Physical Characteristic3 ft (0.91 m) of water covered the highway.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Roslyn
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRoslyn recorded 5.12 in (13.00 cm) of rain in 48 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ross Creek Reservior
Map Location: -45.84568 170.49866
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRoss Creek Reservoir recorded 7.00 in (17.78 cm) of rain in 36 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Sullivans Dam
Map Location: -45.80621 170.524475
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSullivan's Dam recorded 9.00 in (22.86 cm) of rain in 36 hours.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Physical Characteristic1 in (3.05 cm) of snow had fallen at Sullivan's Dam at 1:30pm on the 24th and was continuing.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.88401 170.253762
Comments:

CommentRain didn't commence on the Taieri Plain until the evening of the 23rd.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactUnusually rapid flooding occurred on Taieri Plains, where the river ran bank high. Many of the smaller creeks broke their banks or topped their embankments and spread over the land.

Affected LifelineOn the morning of the 24th, communications with Strath-Taieri were cut off.

Stock DamageSome ewes with young lambs were caught by the rapidly rising water.

ImpactBy early afternoon on the 24th, Silver Stream was a fast-flowing torrent near to bank height. Later it overflowed through an old break.

ImpactA small creek which flows past Five Roads and on alongside Outram road almost as far as Wylie's Crossing, was over its banks by midday on the 24th. A heavy volume of water was pouring out across the fields on either side. Normally half-dry drainage channels emptying into this creek and other creeks on the Taieri filled and overflowed as pressure of water at their outlets banked them up past capacity.

DamageTaieri River at Outram Glen was carrying a tremendous volume of water by early afternoon on the 24th. Carcasses of sheep and lambs, tree trunks, fence posts and debris was carried in the swollen torrent.

CommentLate on the night of the 24th, the Taieri River was still rising and over its banks in some places.

Affected LifelineCulverts on Saddle Hill were overflowing on to Main South Road.

ImpactA fair-sized stream was running through the gully on the Dunedin side of Saddle Hill, where normally there was only a swamp.

ImpactOn the Mosgiel side of Green Island, an area which was once a temporary airfield, was completely covered to a considerable depth, except for the embankment of the railway line running to the brick works.

Physical CharacteristicTaieri River rose 16 ft 3 in (4.95 m) at Outram Bridge.

ImpactAt Riverside, there was a break in the bank and water spread across the east side of Taieri Plains.

Affected LifelineThe railway and main road were impassable.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Tapanui
Map Location: -45.945409 169.268023
Comments:

DamageAn easterly gale of hurricane force swept through the Tapanui district for 12 hours on the night of the 23rd to the morning of the 24th. It did considerable damage.

Affected LifelineTrees were uprooted and power poles were down in several parts of the district.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentAs the day advanced, the wind abated but heavy rain again began to fall on the night of the 24th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waikouaiti
Map Location: -45.59513 170.657413
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaikouaiti recorded 2.65 in (6.73 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Waikouaiti River
Map Location: -45.640891 170.661683
Comments:

ImpactWaikouaiti River overflowed its banks and covered a flat area of Cherry Farm. The flood met the high tide which was backed up by the south-east wind resulting in water 2ft (0.61 m) deep at Cherry Farm. There was a continuous sheet of water from Cherry Farm terrace to the Waikouaiti traffic bridge.

LandslideLandslide at Waitati
Map Location: -45.744666 170.573673
Comments:

Affected LifelineA serious slip occurred on the railway line near Michie's Crossing, two miles from Waitati. The 2:45pm train from Oamaru was held up and returned to Waitati.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whare Flat
Map Location: -45.813155 170.427005
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhare Flats recorded 10.51 in (26.70 cm) of rain in 36 hours.

References

Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Municipality of Dunedin. City of Dunedin (New Zealand), Departmental Reports For the Year 1946-1947.
Headline: Dismal Panorama.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Dunback Suffers.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Rain Continues.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Scene in City.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Slip Near Waitati.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Southern Roads, Increase in Flooding.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Storm Sweeps Province.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Taxis in Demand.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: North-west Gale
The Press, 23 September 1946.

ModerateSeptember 1946 Otago and Canterbury Flooding ( 1946-09-23 )

Heavy rain caused flooding and slips in Otago and Canterbury.

Canterbury

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Canterbury
Duration:   2  days - There was steady rain overnight from the 23rd to the 24th of September.
Comments:

CommentA storm centered in mid Canterbury on the 23rd and the tail-end swept Otago.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactSerious flooding occurred in South Canterbury on the 24th between Temuka and Palmerston, where particularly heavy rain fell.

Affected LifelineFloods blocked the main road at Waihao River, Makikihi, Pareora, Saltwater Creek and Washdyke and detour roads were also impassable.

CommentRivers in South Canterbury were in high flood.

Peak DischargeThere was extensive flooding of Opihi and Temuka Rivers. Both had peak discharges at the highbridges of 30,000 cusecs (850 cumecs).

Affected LifelineSeveral roads were impassable due to floodwaters.

Damage CostThe damage to Waimate county roads was £2350 ($171,150 2009 dollars).

Damage CostThe damage to main highways in the province was £305 ($22,200 2009 dollars) and the damage to state highways was £3620 ($263,600 2009 dollars).

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicA north-west gale swept Canterbury and the average strength of wind was 35 miles an hour (56 km/hr).

Affected LifelineThere was some damage to electric power and telephone services around Christchurch.

Peak Wind SpeedPeak gusts of 73 miles an hour (117.5 km/hr) were recorded. And there were several gusts of more than 60 miles an hour (97 km/hr).

CommentSome county districts in North Canterbury also reported strong gusts but there was little permanent damage.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Akaroa
Map Location: -43.806637 172.973757
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicAkaroa recorded 3.89 in (9.88 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Cheviot
Map Location: -42.815812 173.265245
Comments:

ImpactMany trees were uprooted and ten sheets of iron were blown from the roof of the town hall.

Affected LifelineThe high tension power supply was interrupted and there was a loss of power to the township.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicChristchurch recorded 2.10 in (5.33 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust
Comments:

Affected LifelineTelephone and power services were disorganised in parts of Burwood, Dallington, Fendalton and lower Styx Road.

ImpactMost of the damage was caused by falling trees and branches.

DamageSuburban fences suffered damage.

Crop DamageThe full force of the gale was felt in Marshland and there was considerable damage done to onion crops.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThere was minor flooding in some parts of the city.

FloodingFlooding at Lyttelton
Map Location: -43.601111 172.721186
Comments:

ImpactAn extensive part of the township was flooded.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Orari Gorge
Map Location: -43.97187 171.18994
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOrari Gorge recorded 2.10 in (5.33 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Pareora
Map Location: -44.486961 171.215526
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree piles of the Pareora railway bridge were washed out, suspending railway services.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Pleasant Point
Map Location: -44.258492 171.146343
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPleasant Point recorded 2.75 in (6.99 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Rakaia River
Map Location: -42.63756 171.39125
Comments:

Peak DischargeThe Rakaia River peaked at 58,000 cusecs (1642 cumecs).

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Rangiora
Map Location: -43.309917 172.570905
Comments:

DamageThe gale did a considerable amount of damage in Rangiora.

FloodingFlooding at Rangitata River
Map Location: -43.98151 171.306532
Comments:

Peak DischargeRangitata River at the irrigation intake peaked at 32,000 cusecs (906 cumecs).

FloodingFlooding at Saltwater Creek
Map Location: -43.264896 172.70856
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe airfield at Saltwater Creek was flooded to depth of 4 ft (1.22 m).

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Southbridge
Map Location: -43.81009 172.25057
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSouthbridge recorded 1.98 in (5.03 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicTimaru recorded 2.45 in (6.22 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waimate
Map Location: -44.7333 171.055364
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaimate recorded 2.65 in (6.73) of rain in 24 hours.

ImpactHouses were abandoned at Saltwater Creek.

Otago

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Otago
Duration:   3  days - The vigorous tail-end of a storm centered in Mid Canterbury swept Otago for 24 hours on the 24th of September. It brought persistent heavy rain driven by a strong north-easterly wind that at times reached gale force. Severe flooding resulted which lasted until the 26th.
Comments:
FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Affected LifelineFlood conditions developed along the eastern coastal belt of the province and blocked main arterial roads north of Dunedin.

CommentIn North Otago, record floods occurred in Kakanui, Shag and Waikouaiti Rivers and smaller streams.

DamageAll streams scoured heavily. The water carried debris which caused widespread damage to fences and bridges.

Stock DamageThere were severe lamb losses.

CommentSerious flooding occurred between Temuka and Palmerston, where particularly heavy rain fell.

Affected LifelineThe Main South Road was comparatively clear of flooding, although one foot (0.31 m) of water lay on highway at Milburn on the 24th.

CommentRain in the south wasn't as heavy or as constant as in Dunedin and North Otago.

Affected LifelineThe creeks at Waitahuna and Glenore on the hgihway between Milton and Queenstown were rising on the afternoon of the 24th but didn't cover the road.

Affected LifelineThere was water over road between Milton and Clarksville, which was caused by a rise in Tokomairiro River.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineThree slips occurred on the Central Otago railway line between Hindon and Parera, early on the afternoon of the 24th.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageThe mole at Otago Heads suffered severe damage from high seas.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Balclutha
Map Location: -46.23013 169.733472
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicBalclutha recorded 1.32 in (3.35 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThere was surface flooding in Balclutha.

FloodingFlooding at Bushey
Map Location: -45.467692 170.775238
Comments:

Affected LifelineShag River covered one length of the State Highway at Bushey.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice at Clarks Junction
Map Location: -45.72811 170.0472
Comments:

CommentApproximately one inch (3.05 cm) of snow fell on the heights at Clark's Junction on the afternoon of the 24th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunback
Map Location: -45.381213 170.627272
Comments:

CommentLate on the night of the 24th, Shag River was still rising due to heavy rain falling in the area.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentIt was the worst flood for over 30 years at Dunback.

Affected LifelineShag River was in high flood and had risen high enough to make the Pigroot impassable to traffic.

Affected LifelineWater covered the bridge to depth of over 3 ft (0.91 m) and a huge tree carried downstream lodged in framework of the bridge.

Stock DamageThere were some stock losses.

DamageThere was considerable damage to agricultural land in the lower reaches. Much of the tilth and sowings were washed away by the floods.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunedin
Map Location: -45.87911 170.502707
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe hills north of Dunedin recorded 7.20 in (18.29 cm) of rain in 24 hours

Physical CharacteristicSouth of Dunedin recorded 3.54 in (8.99 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicThe north end of Dunedin city recorded over 4 in (10.16 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicThe south end of Dunedin city recorded over 3 in (7.62 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Physical CharacteristicMusselburgh recorded 4.48 in (11.38 cm) of rain 48 hours.

CommentIn Dunedin, rain poured down incessantly from 6pm on the 23rd, and was still falling steadily early on the morning of the 25th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

DamageThe heavy rain caused flooding which resulted in widespread minor damage throughout the city. Areas to north of the city bore the brunt of the storm in the Otago province.

ImpactThe Leith rose to the sides of the arch of George Street bridge and was partially turbulent in the lower reaches but dropped below danger level towards evening.

Physical CharacteristicLindsay's Creek rose 6 ft (1.83 m) quickly, but had a safety margin of at least 1 ft (0.31 m) at the height of the storm.

DamageNo major damage was reported in the city, although low-lying areas of South Dunedin, St. Kilda and St. Clair suffered flooding in some parts.

ImpactIn a majority of cases stormwater didn't enter houses, although surroundings were inundated.

Affected LifelineGrosvenor Street was flooded for its entire length, with water lapping at the floors of houses and traffic was impassable. Flooding at Grosvenor Street joined that in at Bridgeman Street at the eastern end and water was halfway along Bridgeman Street towards the Drill Hall.

Affected LifelineFurther south, in the area between Cargill Road and Bay View Road, on east side of Prince Albert Road, storm water inundated footpaths and spread nearly to the top of the cambered roads.

Physical CharacteristicIn Surrey Street, South Dunedin, a house was completely surrounded by water 6-9 in (0.15-0.23 m) deep.

Affected LifelineA quarry at Forbury Road acted as a huge catchment area and storm water gradually built up in Surrey Street.

ImpactCarisbrook and other playing fields in the city were covered with sheets of water. The lower portion of the Botanical Gardens also suffered.

ImpactRoofs developed trouble from choked gutters and downpipes. The driving rain found crannles in walls and roofs. A cellar in Lands and Deeds office in Lower High Street accumulated a quantity of water through seepage. Water entered the front of the Police Station, a large printing works suffered from leaks in the roof and a bank and hotel were similarly affected.

DamageThe gale and rain did damage to gardens.

ImpactAt 1am on the 25th, floodwaters at Grosvenor Street had risen into the houses.

ImpactWater lapped the sides of the houses in Broughton and Lorne Streets, South Dunedin, and entered the premises of Wolfenden and Russell on the 25th.

EvacueesThree households in Nairn Street were reported to have been evacuated. And many other people were forced to leave their homes.

Affected LifelineThe express from Christchurch to Invercargill was delayed at Dunedin. There was flood water on the rails on several low-lying places from Pareora southwards.

Affected LifelineOne bus service from Dunedin to Oamaru was cancelled.

Affected LifelineAt a late hour on the 24th, there was some flooding on the roads, south of Dunedin.

LandslideLandslide
Comments:

Affected LifelineSeveral slips occurred on the road between Macandrew Bay and Dunedin.

Affected LifelineExtensive damage occurred at Pitt Street, St. David Street, Signal Hill Road and Queens Drive due to slips.

ImpactA slip came down the steep bank alongside Rattray Street below St. Joseph's Cathedral. There were several minor slips but apart from the Rattray Street slip, none were reported to have held up traffic and at least one occurred on private property.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

CommentSnow began to fall on the hills surrounding the city and at Leith Valley at 4pm and deepened rapidly. At Flagstaff, snow descended the hill as far as Ashburn Hall. The hills at Dalmore had a thick coating of snow.

FloodingFlooding at Georgetown
Map Location: -44.911961 170.847792
Comments:

Affected LifelineAwamoko Bridge was washed away near Georgetown.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Hillgrove
Map Location: -45.36241 170.82019
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicHillgrove recorded 2.16 in (5.49 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Kakanui River
Map Location: -45.163042 170.844701
Comments:

ImpactThe swollen Kakanui River was backed up by a high tide. The river burst through the bar at its mouth.

CommentNever in the memory of residents has the Kakanui River been known to rise so swiftly.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Lawrence
Map Location: -45.914289 169.691279
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicLawrence recorded 3.31 in (8.41 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

FloodingFlooding at Maheno
Map Location: -45.166605 170.842662
Comments:

ImpactKakanui River was extensively flooded at Maheno Flats.

Affected LifelineWater to depth of 5 ft (1.52 m) was stretched across the flat area between Maheno bridge and Reidston, on the morning of the 24th, on the Main North Road.

FloodingFlooding at Middlemarch
Map Location: -45.508281 170.125395
Comments:

CommentAt Middlemarch, the Taieri River was bank high on the afternoon of the 24th.

FloodingFlooding at Mosgiel
Map Location: -45.882205 170.333108
Comments:

Affected LifelineIn Mosgiel, Owhiro Creek overflowed its banks and a huge broad spread of water flowed across Gordon Road.

ImpactConsiderable quantities of water were lying in the back streets of the township. Lawns and gardens of many homes were completely covered.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Oamaru
Map Location: -45.087138 170.980874
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicOamaru recorded 2.61 in (6.63 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Maritime / CoastalMaritime / Coastal
Comments:

DamageA launch was wrecked in the harbour at Oamaru.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Otago Pensinsula
Map Location: -45.899667 170.698401
Comments:

Affected LifelineRain scoured portions of the bank along the Portobello highway.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentWater cascading over the road into the harbour at many points.

FloodingFlooding at Otokia
Map Location: -45.949801 170.189367
Comments:

Physical Characteristic9 ft (2.74 m) of water covered the railway at Otokia.

Physical Characteristic3 ft (0.91 m) of water covered the highway.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Roslyn
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRoslyn recorded 5.12 in (13.00 cm) of rain in 48 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Ross Creek Reservior
Map Location: -45.84568 170.49866
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicRoss Creek Reservoir recorded 7.00 in (17.78 cm) of rain in 36 hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Sullivans Dam
Map Location: -45.80621 170.524475
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicSullivan's Dam recorded 9.00 in (22.86 cm) of rain in 36 hours.

Snow / IceSnow / Ice
Comments:

Physical Characteristic1 in (3.05 cm) of snow had fallen at Sullivan's Dam at 1:30pm on the 24th and was continuing.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.88401 170.253762
Comments:

CommentRain didn't commence on the Taieri Plain until the evening of the 23rd.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactUnusually rapid flooding occurred on Taieri Plains, where the river ran bank high. Many of the smaller creeks broke their banks or topped their embankments and spread over the land.

Affected LifelineOn the morning of the 24th, communications with Strath-Taieri were cut off.

Stock DamageSome ewes with young lambs were caught by the rapidly rising water.

ImpactBy early afternoon on the 24th, Silver Stream was a fast-flowing torrent near to bank height. Later it overflowed through an old break.

ImpactA small creek which flows past Five Roads and on alongside Outram road almost as far as Wylie's Crossing, was over its banks by midday on the 24th. A heavy volume of water was pouring out across the fields on either side. Normally half-dry drainage channels emptying into this creek and other creeks on the Taieri filled and overflowed as pressure of water at their outlets banked them up past capacity.

DamageTaieri River at Outram Glen was carrying a tremendous volume of water by early afternoon on the 24th. Carcasses of sheep and lambs, tree trunks, fence posts and debris was carried in the swollen torrent.

CommentLate on the night of the 24th, the Taieri River was still rising and over its banks in some places.

Affected LifelineCulverts on Saddle Hill were overflowing on to Main South Road.

ImpactA fair-sized stream was running through the gully on the Dunedin side of Saddle Hill, where normally there was only a swamp.

ImpactOn the Mosgiel side of Green Island, an area which was once a temporary airfield, was completely covered to a considerable depth, except for the embankment of the railway line running to the brick works.

Physical CharacteristicTaieri River rose 16 ft 3 in (4.95 m) at Outram Bridge.

ImpactAt Riverside, there was a break in the bank and water spread across the east side of Taieri Plains.

Affected LifelineThe railway and main road were impassable.

High Wind GustsHigh Wind / Gust at Tapanui
Map Location: -45.945409 169.268023
Comments:

DamageAn easterly gale of hurricane force swept through the Tapanui district for 12 hours on the night of the 23rd to the morning of the 24th. It did considerable damage.

Affected LifelineTrees were uprooted and power poles were down in several parts of the district.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentAs the day advanced, the wind abated but heavy rain again began to fall on the night of the 24th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Waikouaiti
Map Location: -45.59513 170.657413
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWaikouaiti recorded 2.65 in (6.73 cm) of rain in 24 hours.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Waikouaiti River
Map Location: -45.640891 170.661683
Comments:

ImpactWaikouaiti River overflowed its banks and covered a flat area of Cherry Farm. The flood met the high tide which was backed up by the south-east wind resulting in water 2ft (0.61 m) deep at Cherry Farm. There was a continuous sheet of water from Cherry Farm terrace to the Waikouaiti traffic bridge.

LandslideLandslide at Waitati
Map Location: -45.744666 170.573673
Comments:

Affected LifelineA serious slip occurred on the railway line near Michie's Crossing, two miles from Waitati. The 2:45pm train from Oamaru was held up and returned to Waitati.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Whare Flat
Map Location: -45.813155 170.427005
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicWhare Flats recorded 10.51 in (26.70 cm) of rain in 36 hours.

References

Cowie, C.A.: Attwood, A.K. (1957) Floods in New Zealand 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, p.239.
Municipality of Dunedin. City of Dunedin (New Zealand), Departmental Reports For the Year 1946-1947.
Headline: Dismal Panorama.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Dunback Suffers.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Rain Continues.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Scene in City.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Slip Near Waitati.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Southern Roads, Increase in Flooding.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Storm Sweeps Province.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: Taxis in Demand.
Otago Daily Times, 25 September 1946.
Headline: North-west Gale
The Press, 23 September 1946.