NZ Historic Weather Events Catalogue

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November 1883 New Zealand Storm ( 1883-11-13 )

Thunderstorms passed over places from Southland to the Waikato, bringing lightning, hail, heavy rain and flooding. In Southland five people were killed by lightning and others were injured. In Otago two people died from flooding.

New Zealand

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at New Zealand
Duration:   6  days - From the 13th till the 18th of November.
Comments:

Waikato

LandslideLandslide at Whangarata
Map Location: -37.260231 174.971802
Comments:

Affected LifelineExcessive rains caused a heavy landslip on the Waikato railway near Whangarata.

Manawatu-Wanganui

LightningLightning at Marton
Map Location: -40.075433 175.360474
Comments:

CommentA terrific thunderstorm broke over the area between Marton and Greatford on the afternoon of the 13th.

Affected LifelineSix telegraph poles were shivered into splinters by lightning.

Wellington

LightningLightning at Wellington City
Map Location: -41.28855 174.776764
Comments:

CommentThe weather was exceedingly sultry on the 13th, with a low and falling barometer. During the morning heavy clouds gathered, while a dead calm prevailed. At noon, distant rumblings of thunder were heard in the west. In the afternoon a sharp thunderstorm passed over from the west, the first experienced there for two or three years.

Physical CharacteristicSome of the lightning flashes were exceedingly vivid and the thunder peals were very loud and long.

Affected LifelineDuring the storm, the electrical disturbance played havoc with telephones. Many people were "rung up" and in most cases the person who picked up the phone received a smart shock which left a feeling of numbness about the head. In one or two cases the lightning ran along the wires and seemed to shoot out a stream of flame into the room where the telephone was.

InjuriesIn several instances, people who picked up phones were left with partial deafness for some hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentTorrents of rain fell during the storm.

Canterbury

LightningLightning at Bankside
Map Location: -43.70361 172.087977
Comments:

Affected LifelineLightning did considerable damage to the telegraph line near Bankside. It struck and splintered ten telegraph poles, throwing five out of the six wires to the ground. Communication was interrupted for a short time.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

CommentHeavy rains were experienced in Christchurch on the 17th and 19th.

LightningLightning at Mount Horrible
Map Location: -44.400267 171.057386
Comments:

DamageSeveral trees on a plantation close to Mt Horrible were shattered by lightning on the 15th.

LightningLightning at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

CommentA thunderstorm passed along the hills at the back of Timaru on the 15th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentOne of the heaviest rainfalls ever experienced took place throughout the Timaru district on the 16th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThere were heavy freshes in the rivers on the 17th and many parts of the low-lying land were flooded.

Affected LifelineSome slight damage was done to the railway line between Timaru and Waimate.

Affected LifelineThe approaches to several main road bridges were carried away and traffic stopped.

Otago

LandslideLandslide at Otago
Comments:

Affected LifelineFrom Purukanui Station to Goodwood, a distance of about 20 miles (32 km), there were numerous slips on the railway line on the 17th, some of them large. There was a very heavy slip on the railway line at the Cliffs, where the line was covered for a distance of 40 yards (37 m).

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Stock DamageThere was a considerable loss of cattle and sheep throughout the Palmerston and Waikouaiti districts. Dead carcasses lay about in all directions.

Crop DamageMany crops on low-lying lands around Palmerston and Waikouaiti were damaged.

DamageMuch damage was done to fences in the Palmerston and Waikouaiti districts.

LightningLightning at Arrowtown
Map Location: -44.94325 168.817377
Comments:

CommentA mild thunderstorm passed over on the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain fell heavily while the thunderstorm lasted.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Blueskin Bay
Map Location: -45.72769 170.579837
Comments:

CommentA considerable quantity of rain fell at Blueskin during the early part of the week, with the wind from the northward and eastward. On the morning of the 17th, clouds gathered up from the southwest, and light rain fell from morning till noon, then it began to pour down.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere was a flood in the Waitati River. Before 3pm on the 17th it was higher than ever before known in the memory of the oldest resident.

DamageMany paddocks were under water. Considerable damage was done to paddocks and fencing by the rise in the side creeks feeding the Waitati.

Affected LifelineWater from Mr Ferguson's paddocks flowed over the main road.

ImpactThe creek running from north of Mt Cargill to join the Waitati River was notably flooded. All down the creek paddocks were flooded, as well as some houses never touched by floods before.

Crop DamageOne paddock of potatoes was entirely washed away and the ground was rendered useless as the force of the current left shingle exposed.

Affected LifelineSome bridges disappeared. The new bridge over a sidewash of the Waitati disappeared completely, as well as the lower bridge near Mr Harris' property. A portion of one of the piers of the bridge over the Main North road disappeared and the bridge had to be taken to pieces.

DamageSome farming implements disappeared down the creek.

Physical CharacteristicOne resident had 2 ft (61 cm) of water in his kitchen.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentFrom the 13th till the 17th there was a drifting fog, with occasionally light rains. The atmosphere was depressing and variable.

LightningLightning at Clyde
Map Location: -45.187564 169.329189
Comments:

CommentA heavy thunderstorm passed over Clyde on the afternoon of the 16th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentThe storm was accompanied by a deluge of rain.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunedin
Map Location: -45.87911 170.502707
Comments:

CommentHeavy and continuous rain fell during the 17th, until about 9pm. It was a comparatively short period, but produced a few days' worth of heavy rain.

Physical Characteristic5.01 in (12.7 cm) of rain was recorded in the month of November.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentThere was a heavy thunder and hail storm in Duendin on the 17th.

HailHail
Comments:

Hail SizeHail stones like bird's eggs fell.

Crop DamageThe hail did immense damage to crops and gardens.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere were very serious floods in Dunedin and the surrounding district.

DamageThe main damage was reported from the northward, where the rain was heaviest. The total loss to residents in the suburbs was expected to be considerable. The main damage in town was to one or two street channels.

Affected LifelineRailway traffic with the suburbs was suspended due to flooding. Railway traffic south of Dunedin was interrupted due to the Kaikorai Stream flooding the line. The line at Burnside was under water and the stream rushed over it with great violence. Traffic was resumed on the line on the 18th.

Physical CharacteristicAt Burnside the water was said to have been 1 ft (32 cm) higher than known since the railway line was constructed.

CommentThe Water of Leith was flooded to a very dangerous extent early on the 17th. Before the afternoon it had completely overflowed it banks and was rushing down with immense speed.

DamageThe flood from the Water of Leith caused serious damage. Large portions of the banks were undermined all along the course of the stream.

Affected LifelineAs Leighton and Woodhaugh were approached, small footbridges were either carried away or had their approaches damaged to a considerbable extent. At the sharp bend at Leighton, the force of the water swept away a 40-foot (12.2 m) portion of the road and made a new course for itself, covering nearly 1/4 mile (402 m).

ImpactA very severe and sudden inundation was experienced in North East Valley. The ground floor rooms of all the buildings that were not elevated considerably were flooded.

Physical CharacteristicThere was water to a depth of 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m) in the area between the school house and the botanical gardens. The main street was a river a couple of feet deep and water stood 1 ft (32 cm) deep in some buildings.

Damage CostThe heaviest individual loss reported in North East Valley was that of a nursery, estimated at £400-£500 ($62,660-$78,330 2008 dollars).

ImpactA large quantitiy of water flooded the flat between South Dunedin and Caversham, and a number of houses were inundated.

DamageProperty damage was high. A store had its foundations undermined completely.

FloodingFlooding at Henley
Map Location: -45.981427 170.16589
Comments:

ImpactA great deal of the low-lying ground at Henley was covered.

LightningLightning at Kelso
Map Location: -45.905986 169.231867
Comments:

CommentA severe thunderstorm passed over Kelso on the afternoon of the 16th.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentThe storm was accompanied by the heaviest hail ever experienced.

Crop DamageImmense damage was done to growing crops and property.

FloodingFlooding at Lake Waipori
Map Location: -45.967855 170.106525
Comments:

ImpactAt Waipori all the drains were overflowing. The ditches at the farms of Mr Barry and Mr Dow were also overflowing, and the lower paddocks were covered with water.

FloodingFlooding at Maheno
Map Location: -45.166605 170.842662
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe stone road bridge crossing the Island Stream at Maheno was completely swept away. There was not a stone left to mark where it had once stood.

CommentThe quantity of water carried down the Island Stream must have been considerably greater than at any other time in the history of the district.

CommentThe Kakanui River was in a strong flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Oamaru
Map Location: -45.087138 170.980874
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain on the 17th.

DamageFloods did a large amount of damage in the Oamaru district.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineRailway traffic was suspended on all the lines coming from Oamaru, except the Duntroon branch, on the 17th and 18th.

FloodingFlooding at Outram
Map Location: -45.859829 170.220115
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe bridge at Outram was impassable on the afternoon of the 18th.

LandslideLandslide at Palmerston
Map Location: -45.483857 170.721017
Comments:

ImpactThe hotels in Palmerston could not accommodate all the people stranded there by slips on the railway line, and some people had to sleep in railway carriages.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThis flood was the most disastrous that had ever been experienced there. The oldest residents could not remember such a flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPalmerston received 2.51 in (6.4 cm) of rain in 12 hours.

CommentThe rain was heavy along the seaboard, but must haven fallen in far greater quantities on the hills in the back country.

FloodingFlooding at Pleasant River
Map Location: -45.569518 170.729233
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Pleasant River rose with alarming rapidity. At 8 o'clock the river was overflowing its banks for miles, and the greater portion of the valley was one broad sheet of water.

CasualtiesA man, Mr Hobbs, was drowned in the Pleasant River on the 17th after the buggy he was travelling in, from Palmerston to Dunedin, went over an embankment on the deeply flooded road, just past the bridge. Another man in the party, Mr Foster, had sunk in the river but was rescued and brought round. He remained in a very precarious state and died on the 19th. At the time there was about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water on the centre of the road and about 15 or 16 ft (4.6 or 4.9 m) on either side.

DamageThe buggy was smashed.

Stock DamageBoth the horses were drowned.

CasualtiesA man, Mr Eddie, was travelling in a single buggy from Goodwood to the railway station, and had crossed the Pleasant River bridge but was swept away in a dip beyond it by the flooded river.

DamageThe buggy disappeared in the river.

Stock DamageThe horse was drowned.

LandslideLandslide at Seacliff
Map Location: -45.6794 170.61778
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe was a succession of heavy slips on the railway line between Seacliff and Merton.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.88401 170.253762
Comments:

CommentThe rain in the vicinity of the Taieri River was not as heavy as it had been further north.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe Taieri River was in heavy flood on the afternoon of the 18th.

ImpactThe lower portions of the Taieri Plain were flooded. The greater portion of land in the vicinity of the farms of Mr Shand, Mr Kirkland and Mr Charters was completely under water.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Tapanui
Map Location: -45.945409 169.268023
Comments:

CommentA thunder and hail storm was experienced in Tapanui on the afternoon of the 16th. It was the most severe ever experienced by residents of 50 years.

CommentThe barometer was still low on the 17th.

HailHail
Duration:     - Hail fell heavily for more than an hour.
Comments:

DamageThe gardens in amny places were litterally stripped.

Hail SizeThe hail stones were of enormous size.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentThe lightning was absolutely appalling.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe town was flooded during the storm and several children going home from school narrowly escaped drowning. All the hollws in the neighbourhood were filled with sheets of water.

CommentAll the rivers and streams were flooded.

Affected LifelineThe main street had the appearance of a river.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentIt was raining heavily on the 17th.

FloodingFlooding at Waikouaiti
Map Location: -45.595137 170.657733
Comments:

CommentThe oldest residents could not remember such a flood.

FloodingFlooding at Wyllies Crossing
Map Location: -45.856596 170.314955
Comments:

Affected LifelineA portion of the road leading from Riccarton to Wyllies Crossing was washed away and impassable to all but pedestrians.

Southland

LightningLightning at Forest Hill
Map Location: -46.180798 168.427892
Comments:

CasualtiesAt a stable en route to Forest Hill South, on the southern side not far from the terminating point of Forest Hill Range, two children on their way home from school were sheltering there with some adults when a flash of forked lightning struck the stable at about 4:50pm. A 12-year-old girl standing in the doorway was killed instantly.

InjuriesThe force also struck down the other three taking shelter, another girl and two men, all of whom were badly burned. One man was paralysed in the lower portion of his body.

Stock DamageA horse and a dog in the stable were also killed.

CasualtiesLightning struck a house in North Forest Hill almost simultaneously, 2 or 3 miles to the east at Shark's Tooth. A 14-year old boy standing in a doorway holding a hammer in his hand was struck and died instantly.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Invercargill
Map Location: -46.436318 168.35975
Comments:

CommentWeather on the 13th: Wind - East, strong. Weather - Cloudy, unsettled. Noon barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 78 (26 degC). 6pm barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 72 (22 degC). Midnight barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 58 (14 degC).

CommentWeather on the 14th: Wind - Forenoon, S.E., fresh; afternoon, S.S.W., light. Weather - Forenoon, cloudy, unsettled; afternoon, heavy thunderstorm, with much rain, afterwards clear. Noon barometer, 29.30; thermometer, 78 (26 degC). 6pm barometer, 29.30; thermometer, 70 (21 degC). Midnight barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 66 (19 degC).

CommentA thunderstorm passed over Invercargill on the afternoon of the 14th. Oppressive sultry had heat prevailed until about 3pm, when it was broken by the thunderstorm that had been gathering to the northward for two or three hours. The storm cleared away with a rapidity greater than that of its coming.

CommentThe storm was unprecedented in its results in the district.

LightningLightning
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicLightning flashes were frequent and vivid and the thunder peals were startlingly loud and near. The lightning was of the forked type, not often experienced in those parts. In vacant places the fire was seen to dance about on the ground as if it arose from there instead of the clouds.

Affected LifelineSeveral telegraph posts in the country districts were split and shattered. Telephones in town were charged with electricity and were ringing randomly.

DamageOn the south side of town a cat was struck dead.

DamageAt the small Elles Road station on the eastern confines of town, several people were waiting for the train when a very vivid flash of lightning struck the station at 4:20pm. The weatherboards of the station were driven off and thrown across the rails, a stud was shattered and one of the piles of the platform split.

CasualtiesA 34-year-old man at the station, Mr Crisp, only survived the lightning shock for a short time before he died. He had a mark like a tree on the inside of his leg where the lightning had exited.

InjuriesOne man was scorched down the arm and stunned. The rest of the people at the station felt the effects of electricity to a slighter degree. A boy was also struck slightly, being stunned and having a pain in one eye.

InjuriesIt was reported that two children at Waikiwi were injured by lightning. Several people in town stated that they felt a scorching sensation while exposed to the storm.

CommentThere was another thunderstorm over Invercargill on the 16th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain came down in torrents such as seldom were seen in Invercargill.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentThe thunderstorm was accompanied by a deluge of hail.

LightningLightning at Wairio
Map Location: -46.001317 168.03485
Comments:

CommentA very severe thunderstorm passed over Wairio on the afternoon of the 14th.

DamageAt one house lightning entered a bedroom window, struck a mirror, completely shattering it, and exited through one of the gable ends, completely carrying away the end of the house as low as the eaves. The lightning also entered a neighbour's house about 100 yards (91 m) away, but no damage was done as the doors were ajar, and it passed through like a bolt of fire.

InjuriesA girl who was in the room was struck by the lightning on her hip and rendered insensible. Her 1-year-old brother was also affected and was in a precarious condition.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentVery heavy rain fell.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentThe rain was accompanied by hail.

Hail SizeThe hail stones were of a most unusual size and character, described as almost "young icebergs". Some measured fully 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter. They had the appearance of a number of small hailstones having come into contact and become frozen.

LightningLightning at Winton
Map Location: -46.142743 168.330466
Comments:

CasualtiesLightning struck Gap Road station, on the Northern line, about 17 miles from Invercargill, killing two children there.

InjuriesTheir parents were said to be injured.

LightningLightning at Wrey's Bush
Map Location: -46.004262 168.105089
Comments:

CommentA violent and somewhat unexpected thunderstorm startled the district on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe lightning flashed vividly and at frequent intervals. The thunder pealed with astonishing loudness.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain fell very heavily.

References

Cowie, C.A.; Attwood, A.K. (1957). Floods in New Zealand, 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, 239p.
Headline: Untitled.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 13 November 1883.
Headline: Untitled.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 14 November 1883.
Headline: Thunder storm.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Hawera and Normanby Star, 17 November 1883.
MacLean, M.; McGregor Wilke, J.; Alexander, J.G. (????). Water of Leith and Lindsay's Creek, Dunedin.
http://www.orc.govt.nz. Otago Regional Council: Flooding History.
Headline: Serious storm at Invercargill: Deaths by lightning.
Otago Daily Times, 15 November 1883.
Headline: Arrow, November 19.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Auckland, November 19.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Christchurch, November 19.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Clyde, November 17.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: The fatal storm at Invercargill.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Oamaru, November 18.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Tapanui, November 17.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Timaru, November 17.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Oamaru.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Palmerston.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Provincial.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: The Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: The weather.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Wrey's Bush.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Meteorological.
The Southland Times, 14 November 1883.
Headline: Killed by Lightning.
The Southland Times, 15 November 1883.
Headline: Meteorological.
The Southland Times, 15 November 1883.
Headline: The thunderstorm.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: The Southland Times, 15 November 1883.
Headline: The thunderstorm: Further particulars.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: The Southland Times, 16 November 1883.
Headline: Wairio.
The Southland Times, 17 November 1883.
Headline: Heavy rainfall in Otago.
The Southland Times, 19 November 1883.
Headline: Untitled.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Timaru Herald, 16 November 1883.
Headline: Thunderstorm at Marton.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Wanganui Herald, 14 November 1883.

November 1883 New Zealand Storm ( 1883-11-13 )

Thunderstorms passed over places from Southland to the Waikato, bringing lightning, hail, heavy rain and flooding. In Southland five people were killed by lightning and others were injured. In Otago two people died from flooding.

New Zealand

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at New Zealand
Duration:   6  days - From the 13th till the 18th of November.
Comments:

Waikato

LandslideLandslide at Whangarata
Map Location: -37.260231 174.971802
Comments:

Affected LifelineExcessive rains caused a heavy landslip on the Waikato railway near Whangarata.

Manawatu-Wanganui

LightningLightning at Marton
Map Location: -40.075433 175.360474
Comments:

CommentA terrific thunderstorm broke over the area between Marton and Greatford on the afternoon of the 13th.

Affected LifelineSix telegraph poles were shivered into splinters by lightning.

Wellington

LightningLightning at Wellington City
Map Location: -41.28855 174.776764
Comments:

CommentThe weather was exceedingly sultry on the 13th, with a low and falling barometer. During the morning heavy clouds gathered, while a dead calm prevailed. At noon, distant rumblings of thunder were heard in the west. In the afternoon a sharp thunderstorm passed over from the west, the first experienced there for two or three years.

Physical CharacteristicSome of the lightning flashes were exceedingly vivid and the thunder peals were very loud and long.

Affected LifelineDuring the storm, the electrical disturbance played havoc with telephones. Many people were "rung up" and in most cases the person who picked up the phone received a smart shock which left a feeling of numbness about the head. In one or two cases the lightning ran along the wires and seemed to shoot out a stream of flame into the room where the telephone was.

InjuriesIn several instances, people who picked up phones were left with partial deafness for some hours.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentTorrents of rain fell during the storm.

Canterbury

LightningLightning at Bankside
Map Location: -43.70361 172.087977
Comments:

Affected LifelineLightning did considerable damage to the telegraph line near Bankside. It struck and splintered ten telegraph poles, throwing five out of the six wires to the ground. Communication was interrupted for a short time.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Christchurch
Map Location: -43.53112 172.636147
Comments:

CommentHeavy rains were experienced in Christchurch on the 17th and 19th.

LightningLightning at Mount Horrible
Map Location: -44.400267 171.057386
Comments:

DamageSeveral trees on a plantation close to Mt Horrible were shattered by lightning on the 15th.

LightningLightning at Timaru
Map Location: -44.398445 171.2552
Comments:

CommentA thunderstorm passed along the hills at the back of Timaru on the 15th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentOne of the heaviest rainfalls ever experienced took place throughout the Timaru district on the 16th.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThere were heavy freshes in the rivers on the 17th and many parts of the low-lying land were flooded.

Affected LifelineSome slight damage was done to the railway line between Timaru and Waimate.

Affected LifelineThe approaches to several main road bridges were carried away and traffic stopped.

Otago

LandslideLandslide at Otago
Comments:

Affected LifelineFrom Purukanui Station to Goodwood, a distance of about 20 miles (32 km), there were numerous slips on the railway line on the 17th, some of them large. There was a very heavy slip on the railway line at the Cliffs, where the line was covered for a distance of 40 yards (37 m).

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

Stock DamageThere was a considerable loss of cattle and sheep throughout the Palmerston and Waikouaiti districts. Dead carcasses lay about in all directions.

Crop DamageMany crops on low-lying lands around Palmerston and Waikouaiti were damaged.

DamageMuch damage was done to fences in the Palmerston and Waikouaiti districts.

LightningLightning at Arrowtown
Map Location: -44.94325 168.817377
Comments:

CommentA mild thunderstorm passed over on the 18th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain fell heavily while the thunderstorm lasted.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Blueskin Bay
Map Location: -45.72769 170.579837
Comments:

CommentA considerable quantity of rain fell at Blueskin during the early part of the week, with the wind from the northward and eastward. On the morning of the 17th, clouds gathered up from the southwest, and light rain fell from morning till noon, then it began to pour down.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere was a flood in the Waitati River. Before 3pm on the 17th it was higher than ever before known in the memory of the oldest resident.

DamageMany paddocks were under water. Considerable damage was done to paddocks and fencing by the rise in the side creeks feeding the Waitati.

Affected LifelineWater from Mr Ferguson's paddocks flowed over the main road.

ImpactThe creek running from north of Mt Cargill to join the Waitati River was notably flooded. All down the creek paddocks were flooded, as well as some houses never touched by floods before.

Crop DamageOne paddock of potatoes was entirely washed away and the ground was rendered useless as the force of the current left shingle exposed.

Affected LifelineSome bridges disappeared. The new bridge over a sidewash of the Waitati disappeared completely, as well as the lower bridge near Mr Harris' property. A portion of one of the piers of the bridge over the Main North road disappeared and the bridge had to be taken to pieces.

DamageSome farming implements disappeared down the creek.

Physical CharacteristicOne resident had 2 ft (61 cm) of water in his kitchen.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentFrom the 13th till the 17th there was a drifting fog, with occasionally light rains. The atmosphere was depressing and variable.

LightningLightning at Clyde
Map Location: -45.187564 169.329189
Comments:

CommentA heavy thunderstorm passed over Clyde on the afternoon of the 16th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentThe storm was accompanied by a deluge of rain.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Dunedin
Map Location: -45.87911 170.502707
Comments:

CommentHeavy and continuous rain fell during the 17th, until about 9pm. It was a comparatively short period, but produced a few days' worth of heavy rain.

Physical Characteristic5.01 in (12.7 cm) of rain was recorded in the month of November.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

CommentThere was a heavy thunder and hail storm in Duendin on the 17th.

HailHail
Comments:

Hail SizeHail stones like bird's eggs fell.

Crop DamageThe hail did immense damage to crops and gardens.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThere were very serious floods in Dunedin and the surrounding district.

DamageThe main damage was reported from the northward, where the rain was heaviest. The total loss to residents in the suburbs was expected to be considerable. The main damage in town was to one or two street channels.

Affected LifelineRailway traffic with the suburbs was suspended due to flooding. Railway traffic south of Dunedin was interrupted due to the Kaikorai Stream flooding the line. The line at Burnside was under water and the stream rushed over it with great violence. Traffic was resumed on the line on the 18th.

Physical CharacteristicAt Burnside the water was said to have been 1 ft (32 cm) higher than known since the railway line was constructed.

CommentThe Water of Leith was flooded to a very dangerous extent early on the 17th. Before the afternoon it had completely overflowed it banks and was rushing down with immense speed.

DamageThe flood from the Water of Leith caused serious damage. Large portions of the banks were undermined all along the course of the stream.

Affected LifelineAs Leighton and Woodhaugh were approached, small footbridges were either carried away or had their approaches damaged to a considerbable extent. At the sharp bend at Leighton, the force of the water swept away a 40-foot (12.2 m) portion of the road and made a new course for itself, covering nearly 1/4 mile (402 m).

ImpactA very severe and sudden inundation was experienced in North East Valley. The ground floor rooms of all the buildings that were not elevated considerably were flooded.

Physical CharacteristicThere was water to a depth of 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m) in the area between the school house and the botanical gardens. The main street was a river a couple of feet deep and water stood 1 ft (32 cm) deep in some buildings.

Damage CostThe heaviest individual loss reported in North East Valley was that of a nursery, estimated at £400-£500 ($62,660-$78,330 2008 dollars).

ImpactA large quantitiy of water flooded the flat between South Dunedin and Caversham, and a number of houses were inundated.

DamageProperty damage was high. A store had its foundations undermined completely.

FloodingFlooding at Henley
Map Location: -45.981427 170.16589
Comments:

ImpactA great deal of the low-lying ground at Henley was covered.

LightningLightning at Kelso
Map Location: -45.905986 169.231867
Comments:

CommentA severe thunderstorm passed over Kelso on the afternoon of the 16th.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentThe storm was accompanied by the heaviest hail ever experienced.

Crop DamageImmense damage was done to growing crops and property.

FloodingFlooding at Lake Waipori
Map Location: -45.967855 170.106525
Comments:

ImpactAt Waipori all the drains were overflowing. The ditches at the farms of Mr Barry and Mr Dow were also overflowing, and the lower paddocks were covered with water.

FloodingFlooding at Maheno
Map Location: -45.166605 170.842662
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe stone road bridge crossing the Island Stream at Maheno was completely swept away. There was not a stone left to mark where it had once stood.

CommentThe quantity of water carried down the Island Stream must have been considerably greater than at any other time in the history of the district.

CommentThe Kakanui River was in a strong flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Oamaru
Map Location: -45.087138 170.980874
Comments:

CommentThere was heavy rain on the 17th.

DamageFloods did a large amount of damage in the Oamaru district.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard
Comments:

Affected LifelineRailway traffic was suspended on all the lines coming from Oamaru, except the Duntroon branch, on the 17th and 18th.

FloodingFlooding at Outram
Map Location: -45.859829 170.220115
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe bridge at Outram was impassable on the afternoon of the 18th.

LandslideLandslide at Palmerston
Map Location: -45.483857 170.721017
Comments:

ImpactThe hotels in Palmerston could not accommodate all the people stranded there by slips on the railway line, and some people had to sleep in railway carriages.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThis flood was the most disastrous that had ever been experienced there. The oldest residents could not remember such a flood.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicPalmerston received 2.51 in (6.4 cm) of rain in 12 hours.

CommentThe rain was heavy along the seaboard, but must haven fallen in far greater quantities on the hills in the back country.

FloodingFlooding at Pleasant River
Map Location: -45.569518 170.729233
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicThe Pleasant River rose with alarming rapidity. At 8 o'clock the river was overflowing its banks for miles, and the greater portion of the valley was one broad sheet of water.

CasualtiesA man, Mr Hobbs, was drowned in the Pleasant River on the 17th after the buggy he was travelling in, from Palmerston to Dunedin, went over an embankment on the deeply flooded road, just past the bridge. Another man in the party, Mr Foster, had sunk in the river but was rescued and brought round. He remained in a very precarious state and died on the 19th. At the time there was about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water on the centre of the road and about 15 or 16 ft (4.6 or 4.9 m) on either side.

DamageThe buggy was smashed.

Stock DamageBoth the horses were drowned.

CasualtiesA man, Mr Eddie, was travelling in a single buggy from Goodwood to the railway station, and had crossed the Pleasant River bridge but was swept away in a dip beyond it by the flooded river.

DamageThe buggy disappeared in the river.

Stock DamageThe horse was drowned.

LandslideLandslide at Seacliff
Map Location: -45.6794 170.61778
Comments:

Affected LifelineThe was a succession of heavy slips on the railway line between Seacliff and Merton.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain at Taieri Plain
Map Location: -45.88401 170.253762
Comments:

CommentThe rain in the vicinity of the Taieri River was not as heavy as it had been further north.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

CommentThe Taieri River was in heavy flood on the afternoon of the 18th.

ImpactThe lower portions of the Taieri Plain were flooded. The greater portion of land in the vicinity of the farms of Mr Shand, Mr Kirkland and Mr Charters was completely under water.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Tapanui
Map Location: -45.945409 169.268023
Comments:

CommentA thunder and hail storm was experienced in Tapanui on the afternoon of the 16th. It was the most severe ever experienced by residents of 50 years.

CommentThe barometer was still low on the 17th.

HailHail
Duration:     - Hail fell heavily for more than an hour.
Comments:

DamageThe gardens in amny places were litterally stripped.

Hail SizeThe hail stones were of enormous size.

LightningLightning
Comments:

CommentThe lightning was absolutely appalling.

FloodingFlooding
Comments:

ImpactThe town was flooded during the storm and several children going home from school narrowly escaped drowning. All the hollws in the neighbourhood were filled with sheets of water.

CommentAll the rivers and streams were flooded.

Affected LifelineThe main street had the appearance of a river.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentIt was raining heavily on the 17th.

FloodingFlooding at Waikouaiti
Map Location: -45.595137 170.657733
Comments:

CommentThe oldest residents could not remember such a flood.

FloodingFlooding at Wyllies Crossing
Map Location: -45.856596 170.314955
Comments:

Affected LifelineA portion of the road leading from Riccarton to Wyllies Crossing was washed away and impassable to all but pedestrians.

Southland

LightningLightning at Forest Hill
Map Location: -46.180798 168.427892
Comments:

CasualtiesAt a stable en route to Forest Hill South, on the southern side not far from the terminating point of Forest Hill Range, two children on their way home from school were sheltering there with some adults when a flash of forked lightning struck the stable at about 4:50pm. A 12-year-old girl standing in the doorway was killed instantly.

InjuriesThe force also struck down the other three taking shelter, another girl and two men, all of whom were badly burned. One man was paralysed in the lower portion of his body.

Stock DamageA horse and a dog in the stable were also killed.

CasualtiesLightning struck a house in North Forest Hill almost simultaneously, 2 or 3 miles to the east at Shark's Tooth. A 14-year old boy standing in a doorway holding a hammer in his hand was struck and died instantly.

Multi HazardMulti Hazard at Invercargill
Map Location: -46.436318 168.35975
Comments:

CommentWeather on the 13th: Wind - East, strong. Weather - Cloudy, unsettled. Noon barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 78 (26 degC). 6pm barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 72 (22 degC). Midnight barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 58 (14 degC).

CommentWeather on the 14th: Wind - Forenoon, S.E., fresh; afternoon, S.S.W., light. Weather - Forenoon, cloudy, unsettled; afternoon, heavy thunderstorm, with much rain, afterwards clear. Noon barometer, 29.30; thermometer, 78 (26 degC). 6pm barometer, 29.30; thermometer, 70 (21 degC). Midnight barometer, 29.40; thermometer, 66 (19 degC).

CommentA thunderstorm passed over Invercargill on the afternoon of the 14th. Oppressive sultry had heat prevailed until about 3pm, when it was broken by the thunderstorm that had been gathering to the northward for two or three hours. The storm cleared away with a rapidity greater than that of its coming.

CommentThe storm was unprecedented in its results in the district.

LightningLightning
Comments:

Physical CharacteristicLightning flashes were frequent and vivid and the thunder peals were startlingly loud and near. The lightning was of the forked type, not often experienced in those parts. In vacant places the fire was seen to dance about on the ground as if it arose from there instead of the clouds.

Affected LifelineSeveral telegraph posts in the country districts were split and shattered. Telephones in town were charged with electricity and were ringing randomly.

DamageOn the south side of town a cat was struck dead.

DamageAt the small Elles Road station on the eastern confines of town, several people were waiting for the train when a very vivid flash of lightning struck the station at 4:20pm. The weatherboards of the station were driven off and thrown across the rails, a stud was shattered and one of the piles of the platform split.

CasualtiesA 34-year-old man at the station, Mr Crisp, only survived the lightning shock for a short time before he died. He had a mark like a tree on the inside of his leg where the lightning had exited.

InjuriesOne man was scorched down the arm and stunned. The rest of the people at the station felt the effects of electricity to a slighter degree. A boy was also struck slightly, being stunned and having a pain in one eye.

InjuriesIt was reported that two children at Waikiwi were injured by lightning. Several people in town stated that they felt a scorching sensation while exposed to the storm.

CommentThere was another thunderstorm over Invercargill on the 16th.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain came down in torrents such as seldom were seen in Invercargill.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentThe thunderstorm was accompanied by a deluge of hail.

LightningLightning at Wairio
Map Location: -46.001317 168.03485
Comments:

CommentA very severe thunderstorm passed over Wairio on the afternoon of the 14th.

DamageAt one house lightning entered a bedroom window, struck a mirror, completely shattering it, and exited through one of the gable ends, completely carrying away the end of the house as low as the eaves. The lightning also entered a neighbour's house about 100 yards (91 m) away, but no damage was done as the doors were ajar, and it passed through like a bolt of fire.

InjuriesA girl who was in the room was struck by the lightning on her hip and rendered insensible. Her 1-year-old brother was also affected and was in a precarious condition.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentVery heavy rain fell.

HailHail
Comments:

CommentThe rain was accompanied by hail.

Hail SizeThe hail stones were of a most unusual size and character, described as almost "young icebergs". Some measured fully 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter. They had the appearance of a number of small hailstones having come into contact and become frozen.

LightningLightning at Winton
Map Location: -46.142743 168.330466
Comments:

CasualtiesLightning struck Gap Road station, on the Northern line, about 17 miles from Invercargill, killing two children there.

InjuriesTheir parents were said to be injured.

LightningLightning at Wrey's Bush
Map Location: -46.004262 168.105089
Comments:

CommentA violent and somewhat unexpected thunderstorm startled the district on the 14th.

Physical CharacteristicThe lightning flashed vividly and at frequent intervals. The thunder pealed with astonishing loudness.

Heavy RainHeavy Rain
Comments:

CommentRain fell very heavily.

References

Cowie, C.A.; Attwood, A.K. (1957). Floods in New Zealand, 1920-53, The Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council, Wellington, New Zealand, 239p.
Headline: Untitled.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 13 November 1883.
Headline: Untitled.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Evening Post, 14 November 1883.
Headline: Thunder storm.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Hawera and Normanby Star, 17 November 1883.
MacLean, M.; McGregor Wilke, J.; Alexander, J.G. (????). Water of Leith and Lindsay's Creek, Dunedin.
http://www.orc.govt.nz. Otago Regional Council: Flooding History.
Headline: Serious storm at Invercargill: Deaths by lightning.
Otago Daily Times, 15 November 1883.
Headline: Arrow, November 19.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Auckland, November 19.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Christchurch, November 19.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
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paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
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paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
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paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Tapanui, November 17.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Timaru, November 17.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Oamaru.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Palmerston.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Provincial.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: The Taieri.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: The weather.
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paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: Otago Witness, 24 November 1883.
Headline: Meteorological.
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Headline: Meteorological.
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paperspast.natlib.govt.nz, Source: The Southland Times, 15 November 1883.
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Headline: Untitled.
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Headline: Thunderstorm at Marton.
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