Heavy rain caused flooding in Canterbury, Otago and Southland. Flooding in Southland was widespread and of record height, and at least three people were drowned.
All tourist traffic from Southland to the Cold Lakes was cut off on the 28th. There were numerous washouts, some extensive, on the railway between Winton and Kingston, stopping all trains. Trains travelling between Otago and Southland through Gore were held up by a washout between Arthurton and Pukerau. Services between Dunedin and Invercargill were restored on the morning of the 31st.
Floods were reported at the Bealey.
The Clarkville area was flooded as far north as the school.
The Hermitage was closed due to serious damage by floods. The annexe was undermined and listed and the small outhouses were swept away. The floods had subsided on the 30th.
The roads were greatly damaged.
The Rangitata railway bridge was damaged on the morning of the 29th, dislocating train traffic.
The water at the railway bridge on the mroning of the 28th was said to be the highest in 30 years.
A northwester on the 27th and 28th brought the Waimakariri River down in high flood on the 28th. The floodwaters subsided by 5pm.
The North Road from Chaneys was impassable except for traps. The mailman from Kaiapoi could not get through.
About 1/2 mile (805 m) past the Empire bridge the water was 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) deep.
Deep sheep floated down the main stream in large numbers.
Very heavy rain was experienced in Central Otago.
Floods were reported in Central Otago.
Farmers suffered considerable loss, particularly in grain.
The damage to the water supply line on the Waipori River cut off the electricity supply to the city trams and factories. Houses, shops and some street lamps were without power on the night of the 29th.
One of the river dredges at Bald Hill Flat (Fruitlands) sank during the night of the 28th.
Manorburn Dam received 78 mm (7.8 cm) of rain.
Queenstown received 2.49 in (6.3 cm) of rain on the 28th.
Tapanui received 1.40 in (3.6 cm) of rain on the 28th.
The exceptional rainfall caused a flood in the Waipori River.
Early on the morning of the 29th a portion of the fluming supplying the water to the power house was carried away.
Heavy rain was general throughout Southland from about the evening of the 27th until the night of the 28th. There were exceptional downpours in the eastern and western districts.
Riverside (?) received 2.38 in (6.0 cm) of rain on the 27th.
All the rivers and creeks were in flood, as the warm rain melted the snow in the mountains.
At Riverside (?) the flood waters a covered large portion of the plains 3 miles (4.8 km) wide.
At least three people were reported drowned.
Gore, Mataura and Wyndham were among the worst affected areas, with heavy losses to crops, animals, homes and shops.
Pastures were heavily silted and extensive areas of land were stripped of their topsoil.
Large numbers of stock were lost. Stock losses in the country surrounding Gore were very heavy. Pastures were heavily silted and contaminated by the carcases of drowned animals, causing losses through disease.
The losses of crops in stook and stack were reported to be very heavy.
There were numerous washouts on different railway lines throughout Southland and thousands of pounds of damage was done. The train from Lumsden to Invercargill on the morning of the 28th was three hours late due to the flooding. Washouts were reported on the Waikaia line, the Waikaka line, the Mararoa branch and the Winton to Kingston line. On the Mararoa branch there was a washout 10 chains (201 m) long and the maintenance was whirled away to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m). There were also washouts between Thornbury and Otautau, and trains could not get past Thornbury on the night of the 28th. All the lines were repaired by the 31st except for the Nightcaps branch and the Orepuki line at Oporo.
All the sluicing companies stopped work and had to turn the water out of the races.
Traffic from Lake Te Anau to Lumsden was entirely suspended.
All the smaller streams between Orepuki and Tuatapere were in high flood.
Telegraphic communication between Te Anau and Lumsden was suspended due to wires being down.
The floods were the worst since 1878 and there was not another flood disaster on the same scale for 71 years afterwards.
Damage to the Mataura valley was estimated at £300,000 ($42,290,600 2008 dollars) .
Damage to the Gore district including the Mataura Valley was £150,000 ($21,145,300 2008 dollars).
A farmer in the Aparma district lost 40 acres (0.16 km^2) of oats in stook when the whole paddock was swept bare by the flood waters.
There was a huge washout on the railway line at Athol.
The foot suspension bridge over the Orawia near Birchwood was carried away on the 28th. The suspension bridges at Mount Linton and Rannock (Rannoch) were carried away.
Water entered the Rannock homestead.
There was water across the Gap Road at Branxholme on the 28th.
The flat land around Centre Bush was submerged when the Oreti River overflowed. Along the Hundred line road towards Centre Bush, the flat between Moor's terrace and the bridge at Shand's was covered with water on the morning of the 28th.
Sheaves were washed away.
Almost a mile of fences was washed away on one farm.
At Centre Bush the water was 18 in (46 cm) deep in one house and nearly 2 ft (61 cm) in another. Floodwater had never been known to enter these houses before.
There was a big washout on the railway line near the Centre Bush station and the yard also suffered considerable damage.
The rain commenced in Dipton at 4pm on the 27th.
Dipton received 3.16 in (8.0 cm) of rain on the 27th.
Floods occurred in the Dipton area on the 28th, as both the Oreti River and the Dipton Stream seriously overflowed their banks. Lower Dipton was flooded but the waters had receded in 24 hours.
The Oreti River began to rise with the heavy rain on the night of the 27th. The water rose 2 ft (61 cm) within half an hour in early afternoon on the 28th.
Early on the morning of the 28th the water was running through the town and houses and business premises were flooded.
It was reported that some houses were standing in 3 ft (91 cm) of water on the 28th.
A number of cattle, sheep and some horses were lost.
Some crops were washed away. One Dipton farmer had 25 acres (0.10 km^2) of wheat damaged.
Roads all around the district suffered severe damage. Some bridges were washed away and those that weren't were left insecure. The road bridge between Dipton and Benmore was impassable and the road was almost swept clear of gravel for about 1/4 mile (402 m). The bridge over Shag Creek failed to withstand the flood and huge holes were scopped out of the approaches.
Two men with their horses and dogs were marooned on an island from the night of the 28th until the next afternoon.
A hut was overturned and swept by the floodwaters for 1/4 mile (402 m).
At the old township on the west side of the river, the overflow of water was serious. The Dipton Stream overflowed its banks to a serious extent.
A good deal of crop in stook in the area was washed away early in the forenoon on the 28th.
On the 28th there was more water running across the road between Mt. Pleasant and Fairfax and the Ringway railway gates and the hill than residents could ever remember.
Near Fairfax the railway was washed away for 1 mile (1.6 km), nearly 3 ft (91 cm) deep, stopping train traffic.
The residents at Five Rivers were in a particularly perilous plight.
A girl named Veint, about 9 years old, was drowned at Five Rivers when she fell into a waterhole on the 29th.
The Freshford bridge on the Waikaia line was reported to have been washed away.
There was heavy rain and no wind, a warm rainfall with a maximum temperature of 68 degreesF (20 degC).
At Garston, the floods were considerably higher than the 1878 flood.
The river at Garston was very heavily in flood between 2pm and 3pm.
Rain commenced in and around Gore at about 4pm on the 27th and fell with ceasing until late on the evening of the 28th.
Gore received 1.55 in (3.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours to the 28th.
Gore was inundated suddenly by a wave of about 1 m coming down the Mataura River in the early hours of the 29th. At 3am Mr Smith gave the first warning of the approaching flood, but it was thought uneccessary to sound the alarm. The alarm was first sounded at 3:30am after the river had overflowed its bank at Jacobstown and was rising rapidly.
The flash-flood was probably started by a cloud-burst in the Mataura Gorge.
2 miles (3.2 km) above Gore, the flood extended 2 miles (3.2 km) in width over the low-lying land.
Within a couple of hours after the warning firebell, water had filled the streets to a depth of 5-6 ft (1.5-1.8 m). Between 7am and 7:30am the water rose 2 ft (61 cm), and reached beyond the highest level recorded during the 1878 flood.
The flood was the heaviest experienced in the district since the flood of 1878, any many people stated that it was heavier. The 1878 flood did not cover the crown of the road and did not menace property, so the present flood was said to be about 6 ft (1.8 m) higher.
The flood caused much destruction of property in Gore and the rural land adjoining the river. Some outhouses were shifted considerably by the floodwaters and one house shifted on its foundations. Houses built in depressions or on low ground suffered severely as far as the hospital.
Most of the houses and every business premise but one were invaded by flood waters. The east side of Gore flooded and 13-14 houses were affected.
Stocks that were not completely destroyed would seriously depreciate in value due to contact with the water. Shop windows were stove in, stock washed out of shops and large deposits of silt were left on floors. Individual losses to businesses were estimated at between £200 and £1000 ($28,200-$141,000 2008 dollars). The biggest sufferes, Messrs H. and J. Smith, estimated their loss at £2,500 ($352,400 2008 dollars). Three of their large plate glass windows were smashed to pieces and most of their stock was ruined. Messrs W. Lewis and Co. estimated their loss at £1,500 ($211,500 2008 dollars), and Messrs MacGibbon and Sons estimated their loss at £1000 ($141,000 2008 dollars). Damage to Mr A. R. Watson's book shop was estimated at £1000 ($141,000 2008 dollars) and the Farmers' Co-operative Assoc. lost £1000 ($141,000 2008 dollars) due to the water coming into contact with a large quantity of stock.
In the Southland Club Hotel the water flowed 6 ft (1.8 m) deep through the back door and windows and out the front door on the 29th. In one shop the water reached up to the counter. The water in the store of Messrs H. and J. Smith rose to a height of over 4 ft (1.2 m). In other shops the water was around 3 ft deep (91 cm).
The damage in Gore was estimated at £100,000 ($14,096,900 2008 dollars).
Residents on low ground were compelled to leave their homes. 1800 residents were forced to leave their homes for shelter in other people's houses or in the school. It would be days before any of the houses were dry enough to be inhabited again.
A man almost drowned when the cart he was driving, doing rescue work, was overturned and pinned him against a hedge with only his head above water for a couple of hours. He was said to be injured.
Food was in short supply while the town was inundated. 300 loaves of bread were brought through the floodwaters on a lorry from Invercargill in a monumental 6 1/2 hour journey, arriving at 11pm on the 29th. There were only 17 loaves left within half an hour of unloading.
The roads in gore were impassable and the main street resembled a river bed. At 9am the main street was a raging torent and was impassable, with all kinds of debris flowing down it. Roads in the borough suffered severely, with some almost stripped of their metal.
The town water supply was cut off due to the the pumping plant at Mataura being submerged.
Half the private residences were submerged several feet and some 10 ft (3.0 m).
Numerous people had to stay on the roofs of their houses till late the afternoon when they were rescued.
Business was suspended while the streets were submerged. The Ensign was unable to publish on the 29th as all the machinery was submerged. All five banks were inundated and tradespeople were unable to get their books out of the safes. Many ledgers burst and documents were left in a mess.
When the 4:30pm train arrived at Gore on the 28th there was no accommodation available, due to the hundreds of people homeless. The railway carriages and the good shed were crammed full of people
A hay stack floated down the main street into a masonry yard and caused a huge amount of damage there. In the Southland Club Hotel every piece of furniture was more or less damaged. In houses, scores of pianos were damaged and some houses were completely ruined by floodwaters.
The Gore railway bridge reached a flood level of 266.97.
At the Gore Highway Bridge, the Matuara River recorded a maximum discharge of 60,000 cusecs (1699 cumecs) on the 29th, with a catchment area of 1338 square miles (3465 km^2).
Early estimates put the full flood discharge through Gore at between 145,000-168,000 cusecs (4106-4757 cumecs) (McEnnis, District Engineer, Public Works Dept., Dunedin). A July 1918 estimate put the flood flow at Mataura Borough at 177,000 cusecs (5012 cumecs) (C. J McKenzie, District Engineer, P.W.D., Dunedin). A 28 July 1949 estimate put the flood flow at 120,000 cusecs (3398 cumecs) (I. Malcolm, District Engineer, N.Z. Railways, Invercargill). A comprehensive evaluation of the 1913 flood information was done by Miller and MacMillan (1962), who estimated a flow of 60,000 cusecs (1699 cumecs), but only for the flow beneath the Mataura town bridge, excluding water which flowed through the town. The overflow was calculated to have been about 6,000 cusecs (170 cumecs), roughly equivalent to the contribution from the Waikaka and other tributary streams between Gore and Mataura, thus bringing the total flood flow at Mataura Borough to an estimate of 66,000 cusecs (1869 cumecs).
The flood level above the west approach to the railway bridge was 2 ft 11 in (89 cm) in height.
The flood discharge that passed through the town of Gore was said to be 12,100-13,400 cusecs (343-379 cumecs).
The flood flow below the railway bridge was estimated at 108,000 cusecs (3058 cumecs).
A man, Mr Younger, was drowned on his farm at Gropers Bush on the evening of the 28th while trying to save his stock.
A man, Mr Walsh, was drowned after he and two other men driving in a trap were thrown into the Otapiri River at Hokonui around 12pm on the 28th. The other two were rescued from an island.
The Otapiri River had never before been seen in such a flooded state.
Heavy rain set in shortly after 6pm on the 27th and continued steadily until 10pm or 11pm on the 28th.
Invercargill received 2.63 in (6.7 cm) of rain in 48 hours.
The rain gauge at the Waikiwi Observatory recorded 2 in (5.1 cm) of rain in the 18 hours up to 1pm on the 28th.
Invercargill received 1.55 in (3.9 cm) of rain in the 14 hours from 7pm on the 27th till 9am on the 28th.
Invercargill received 1.05 in (2.7 cm) of rain in the 12.5 hours from 9am till 9:30pm on the 28th.
The rainfall in the 24 hours on the 28th was a new record for Invercargill (the previous highest was 17th December 1912).
The Waimatuku Stream was overflowing its banks at Isla Bank on the 30th.
A train was stuck at Josephville on the morning of the 28th, with washouts both in front and behind.
On the railway line between Kauana and Pukeroa there were at least 6 small washouts.
One farm was under water.
Stock were lying dead in the corners of paddocks.
Miles and miles of fencing was washed down.
A farmer at Limehills lost about 35 acres (0.14 km^2) of oats.
The bridge at Swale's was washed out and two large holes were scoured out of the road on each side.
The water was 6-7 ft (1.8-2.1 m) deep in some places near a house on Mrs Henderson's farm.
There was water across the Gap Road at Lochiel on the 28th.
Some of the oldest residents of the district said it was the highest flood ever seen.
The bridge over the Oreti River west of Lochiel gave way. The bridge over the Winton channel west of Lochiel also suffered damage and was still closed to traffic on the 3rd April.
The intake at the dairy factory was down due to the suppliers across the river being unable to cross the bridge.
One farmer at Lowther lost 500 sheep.
Rain commenced at Lumsden at 7:30pm on the 27th, accompanied by an easterly wind, and continued for 24 hours till the night of the 28th.
Between 9am and 10am on the 28th the Oreti River overflowed its banks and entered the town. The country between the railway and the river towards the west was turned into a sea of water. The river was still rising at 3pm and at 7:30pm there was a stretch of 2 miles (3.2 km) of floodwater.
Water was running through the main street. Lumsden was cut off from the outside world from the morning of the 28th until the evening of the 30th.
Water came into many houses in the town. The premises of Mr Jonhstone (merchant) and Mr Small (baker) were flooded.
Occupants were removed from their flooded houses by carts.
In several houses the water was over 3 ft (91 cm) deep at 2pm on the 28th.
One of the oldest residents in the area said this flood was the highest since 1878.
Up to 7 ft (2.1 m) of water flowed down Lumsden's main street and there was 2 ft (61 cm) of water in street on the night of the 28th.
At Lumsden, the Oreti River was discharging at an estimated 61,600 cusecs (1744 cumecs).
At the Lumsden Recorder, the Oreti River recorded a maximum discharge of 849 cumecs on the 28th, with a catchment area of 1160 km^2.
Thousands of sheaves and hundreds of sheep were seen floating down the river from up-country.
Hundreds of stock were reported missing.
Washouts on the railway line prevented trains from getting into Lumsden.
A train from Gore to Waikaka could not get past Maitland on the afternoon of the 28th due to the floods.
The floodwaters of the Makarewa River stretched out over wide areas of land on both sides. On the afternoon of the 29th the low-lying land along the river bank in northern Makarewa was an immense sheet of water, stretching from the railway bridge for miles inland. In some places fences were completely submerged.
The volume of the river reached its greatest pressure on the morning of the 29th. A rise of 6 ft (1.8 m) was perceptible within a few hours.
There were a few narrow escapes from drowning. One man was saved from being washed off a haystack.
Farmers in the district suffered serious stock losses. One farmer lost 1000 sheep, and three valuable brood mares were drowned. Many horses and other stock were severely injured by barbs on submerged fences.
One farmer lost most of his crop and another lost practically his whole crop in stook. Some 18-20 acres (0.07-0.08 km^2) of oats were lost.
Farmers in the area estimated a loss of £500-£600 ($70,500-$84,600 2008 dollars).
At Mataura, the Mataura River rose with great rapidity and broke its banks above the town at 9am on the 29th. Towards 6pm the floodwaters had receded considerably.
All houses above the paper mills and on the west side of the town were inundated in a very short time. One store and one hotel were flooded and the coal mines were flooded.
About 150 families were out of their houses on the night of the 29th and sheltered on higher ground. People were rescued from their homes in carts.
The freezing works suffered a lot of damage, particularly the electric light department, which was disorganised for a few days. The damage done in the paper mills was expected to run into four figures.
A washout on the railway line below Mataura stopped railway traffic on the Gore line until the night of the 30th.
Two houses at Mataura were carried away by the flood, one with a man inside who was eventually rescued. Residents returned to their homes on the morning of the 30th to find things in a dreadful state.
Two bridges over the Waimumu Stream and one over the Waikana Stream were washed away.
All along the Mataura-Gore road dead sheep and sheaves and bags of corn were strewn on the fences.
The flood at Mataura was said to be this biggest in 45 years, and much bigger than the flood of 1878.
The river was flowing right over the bridge and there was 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m) of water in the streets.
Water flowed down the full width of the streets like a stream.
100 people were marrooned at the paper mill when the bridge there was washed away. Buckets of food had to be lowered to them by a rope.
The flood at the road bridge in the Mataura township was 5 ft (1.5 m) higher than in the 1878 flood.
At the Mataura Town Bridge, the Matuara River recorded a maximum discharge of 62,000 cusecs (1756 cumecs) on the 29th, with a catchment area of 1578 square miles (4087 km^2).
At the Mataura Town Bridge, the Matuara River reaced a height of 31.75 ft (9.68 m) on the 29th.
Mataura Island was covered with water on the 30th.
Communication with Mataura Island was interrupted. About one-third of the large bridge was washed away.
There were washouts on the Mossburn railway line.
The most extensive of the railway damage was done near the Menzies Ferry bridge, where the Mataura River, 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 16 ft (4.9 m) high burst through the embankment, carrying the railway with it. The force of the water over the bridge also created a kink in the line.
There was still no train service to Nightcaps on the 31st.
There was a serious break in the Orepuki railway line between the Oporo flag station and the bridge across the Oreti. A gap about 1 chain (20 m) wide and 18 ft (5.5 m) deep was cut through the embankment and further west a washout for about 15 chains (302 m) occurred.
On the evening of the 30th water was still running through the tablet officer's house and a gravel dredge was completely surrounded with water.
At Oporo, the Oreti River was discharging at an estimated 53,000 cusecs (1501 cumecs).
The Orawia Stream was in high flood.
Large losses were reported from Orawia.
The Oreti River was in record flood.
An old settler stated that the depth of the river on the 30th was fully 18 in (46 cm) more than in 1878.
The water on Mr Howell's farm was up to 6 ft (1.8 m) deep in places on the 30th, and it rose to the windows of a house being built there.
Farmers in the vicinity had to leave their homes on the 30th and seek shelter elsewhere.
The flood spread to the property of Mr Hughes at the intersection of the road leading to Otatara and the road leading to Riverton beach. This was the first time that land had been touched by floodwater. From Mr Fosbender's hill a sheet of water extended for miles in the direction of Riverton beach. Fosbender's property was almost completely submerged. The water began to recede on the afternoon of the 30th.
On the road on the east side of the ferry there was about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water, while further along the depth was close to 6 ft (1.8 m).
The bridge at the Ferry was submerged by water.
Rain began to fall in Otamita on the afternoon of the 27th and a heavy downpour fell throughout the night and on the 28th.
The Matuara River was rising rapidly on the 28th.
Heavy rain commenced in Otautau at about 8pm on the 27th and continued without intermission until late on the evening of the 28th.
The Aparima River was very high on the 28th.
The Otautau River was rising but not in flood on the 28th.
The school was dismissed on the morning of the 28th as children would not be able to get home. Business was entirely suspended for a considerable time.
The floods in the Otautau district were phenomenal. Many of the oldest residents stated that it was the heaviest flood experienced there, far exceeding the flood of 1878.
Th whole town was inundated and floodwaters entered many houses in the town, which had never been entered before.
Great numbers of sheep and cattle were drowned and washed away.
On the flat land all the outstanding crops were washed away.
The loss experienced was enormous. A lot of damage was done to County Council and public property, including business places.
Water was several feet deep in the backyards in the town. Some people had water up to 3 ft (91 cm) deep in their houses. A grain store had water at least 1 ft (31 cm) deep inside and another store had water 2 ft (61 cm) deep.
The overflowing of the Aparima River into the Otautau Stream greatly increased the severity of the floods.
Residents were flooded out of their houses, and they were brought to alternative accommodation by carts.
Large amounts of water from the Mataura River transversed the plain to Riversdale.
A girl was reported to have drowned in the floodwaters at Riversdale.
In South Hillend the rain was very heavy throughout the night of the 27th.
5 in (12.7 cm) of rain was recorded on Mr Langford's farm.
The railway ganger at the Mararoa Bridge said that he witnessed 500 sheep floating past in the space of a few minutes.
The Winton Creek caused a lot of damage between the main road at Thomsons Crossing and the Oreti River. Sheaves, turnips, gorse, fences and rabbits were all mixed up together. Miles of fencing was down and gorse hedges were uprooted.
Sheaves of crops were spread over miles of country as far as the eye could see and tons of turnips were washed out of the ground.
One farmhouse was completely surrounded, there was water in all the buildings and the garden was swept of its soil.
Along the road there was evidence the water had been over 2 ft (61 cm) deep for a distance of nearly 2 miles (3.2 km).
Thornbury had 30 hours of heavy rain from the 27th to the 28th.
The Aparima River was rising quickly at Thornbury on the 28th.
At Thornbury, a hole 11 ft (3.4 m) deep was washed in the railway line.
The approaches to Hazlett's bridge near Thornbury were completely washed away.
The floodwaters reached the Waianiwa flats on the night of the 28th.
Stock and crop losses were very heavy on the night of the 28th and the 29th.
The Waiau River was very high and rose rapidly on the 28th. It was at record height on the 29th.
All traffic across the ferry was suspended early on the morning of the 28th.
The flooding of the Waiau caused conisderable damage. Great trees were swept down the river and stock and crop losses were reported to be large.
One farmer lost about 150 sheep, a dozen cattle and two horses and another lost five horses.
All low-lying land was covered with water.
Waikaia received 3.15 in (8.0 cm) of rain on the 28th.
At Waikaia, the flood broke over the railway stopbanks and overtopped banks in the station yards, causing a breach 2-3 chains (20-40 m) in length.
At One Tree Point the overflow from the Waikiwi Stream spread out in a large sheet of water between the railway embankment and the dairy factory, and the country was inundated on both sides of the line.
Late on the 29th the flood spread out all over the country between Waimahaka and Gorge Road.
The flood caused great damage and loss.
Considerable damage was done in the Waimea Plains district. Fences were levelled all around.
It was reported that one farmer lost 600 sheep.
All crops still out on the low-lying Waimea Plains were lost.
Flood waters overtopped the Waimea railway line.
Little damage was done in the Waimumu district.
Beyond Waipounamu station yard the ends of the bridge were scoured out, caused by a large body of water escaping the main channel.
The level of the Mataura River at the bridge was 455.75, and the floodwaters broke over the banks.
A heavy continuous downpour commecned in Wairio between 8pm and 9pm on the 27th.
All the creeks in the area were in heavy flood on the 28th.
The mailman from Wairio to Wreys Bush was unable to get over with the mail on the morning of the 28th. Traffic was entirely suspended on many of the roads around Wairio, Wreys Bush and Aparima.
The water from the Makarewa River blocked the road between Wallacetown and Underwood on the 29th. About a dozen cars with curious onlookers were marooned there.
The stock losses at West Plains were expected to be enormous. One farmer had 80 cattle and 70 sheep drowned.
The Winton shunting yard and railway line for 1/2 mile (805 m) towards Hokonui suffered badly. The ballast was washed off into paddocks in many places and the rails and sleepers were suspended in a few places.
All the houses on the low-lying parts of Winton were flooded and water was running through the flaxmill. A contracting plant on the east side of the railway line was sitting in several feet of water after it was flooded on the morning of the 28th.
Houses had up to 4 ft (1.2 m) of water inside and one of the railway huts had 3 ft (91 cm) of water inside.
At its height on the 28th the water extended from the foot of the cemetery hill across to the terrace at Oreti.
Several culverts on the Drummond road were seriously damaged. One farmer on the road had miles of fencing washed away or forced down by debris.
One farmer had his oat crop ruined by water and silt and another lost over 100 sacks of chaff.
One Winton farmer lost 60 sheep and another was reported to have lost 115 hoggets.
There was a large washout and several smaller ones about 30 chains (603 m) on the south side of the Gap Road railway siding, caused by the overflow of the Winton Channel.
There was about 3 ft (91 cm) of water between the main street and the railway station at Winton on the 28th.
At Winton, the Oreti River was discharging at an estimated 81,500 cusces (2308 cumecs).
In the Woodlands area a cottage near the railway line was almost completely surrounded by water and in front of the Woodlands Hotel the flodowaters formed a lagoon.
Wreys Bush had a heavy night's rain on the 27th. The rain on the high country commenced earlier than it did in the town.
The Aparima River rose very quickly on the morning of the 28th.
The floodwaters covered all the surrounding country, stretching as far as the eye could see.
The water was up to the doorstep of Mrs Kaveney's store on the 28th.
A number of smal bridges were carried away and the bridge across the Aparima River at Powers was damaged again.
Houses in the township were flooded and water entered the post office.
Whole crops vanished.
Stock losses were said to be very large.
The Aparima River at Wreys Bush bridge had a peak discharge of 35,000 cusecs (991 cumecs).
Steady rain began to fall in Wyndham at 5:30pm on the 27th and continued without a break till the 28th.
The Mimihau Stream was rising rapidly on the 28th and the Wyndham (Mokoreta) River was also very high.
The Mataura River was high but not yet in a serious flood on the 28th.
Wyndham was inundated to a depth of 3 ft (91 cm).
Odl residents said that the flood was the worst in the history of the settlement.
A sheet of water more than 1 mile (1.6 km) wide extended from the bridge in the direction of Wyndham.
The volume of water passing down the channel was awe-inspriring.
Water banked up behind the railway embankment beyond the bridge for hours until the whole country was inundated by the water and the bank finally broke. The embankment and ballasting on the Wyndham side of the bridge was swept away for about 20 chains (402 m), leaving the track suspended over the gap.
In the shops on the main street the water was little more than 2 ft (61 cm) deep at its highest.
Heavy coatings of silt were deposited on floors.
The river rose much more slowly at Wyndham than it did at Gore and Mataura.
The greatest loss suffered by any individual business man was estimated at £100-£150 ($14,100-$21,100 2008 dollars).
Below Wyndham, the racecourse was strewn with carcasses and the remains of a house.
The flood at the Wyndham railway bridge reached 114.84.
The Yellow Bluff bridge was swinging on its piles on the 28th, and later half of it was washed away.
Heavy rain caused flooding in Canterbury, Otago and Southland. Flooding in Southland was widespread and of record height, and at least three people were drowned.
All tourist traffic from Southland to the Cold Lakes was cut off on the 28th. There were numerous washouts, some extensive, on the railway between Winton and Kingston, stopping all trains. Trains travelling between Otago and Southland through Gore were held up by a washout between Arthurton and Pukerau. Services between Dunedin and Invercargill were restored on the morning of the 31st.
Floods were reported at the Bealey.
The Clarkville area was flooded as far north as the school.
The Hermitage was closed due to serious damage by floods. The annexe was undermined and listed and the small outhouses were swept away. The floods had subsided on the 30th.
The roads were greatly damaged.
The Rangitata railway bridge was damaged on the morning of the 29th, dislocating train traffic.
The water at the railway bridge on the mroning of the 28th was said to be the highest in 30 years.
A northwester on the 27th and 28th brought the Waimakariri River down in high flood on the 28th. The floodwaters subsided by 5pm.
The North Road from Chaneys was impassable except for traps. The mailman from Kaiapoi could not get through.
About 1/2 mile (805 m) past the Empire bridge the water was 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) deep.
Deep sheep floated down the main stream in large numbers.
Very heavy rain was experienced in Central Otago.
Floods were reported in Central Otago.
Farmers suffered considerable loss, particularly in grain.
The damage to the water supply line on the Waipori River cut off the electricity supply to the city trams and factories. Houses, shops and some street lamps were without power on the night of the 29th.
One of the river dredges at Bald Hill Flat (Fruitlands) sank during the night of the 28th.
Manorburn Dam received 78 mm (7.8 cm) of rain.
Queenstown received 2.49 in (6.3 cm) of rain on the 28th.
Tapanui received 1.40 in (3.6 cm) of rain on the 28th.
The exceptional rainfall caused a flood in the Waipori River.
Early on the morning of the 29th a portion of the fluming supplying the water to the power house was carried away.
Heavy rain was general throughout Southland from about the evening of the 27th until the night of the 28th. There were exceptional downpours in the eastern and western districts.
Riverside (?) received 2.38 in (6.0 cm) of rain on the 27th.
All the rivers and creeks were in flood, as the warm rain melted the snow in the mountains.
At Riverside (?) the flood waters a covered large portion of the plains 3 miles (4.8 km) wide.
At least three people were reported drowned.
Gore, Mataura and Wyndham were among the worst affected areas, with heavy losses to crops, animals, homes and shops.
Pastures were heavily silted and extensive areas of land were stripped of their topsoil.
Large numbers of stock were lost. Stock losses in the country surrounding Gore were very heavy. Pastures were heavily silted and contaminated by the carcases of drowned animals, causing losses through disease.
The losses of crops in stook and stack were reported to be very heavy.
There were numerous washouts on different railway lines throughout Southland and thousands of pounds of damage was done. The train from Lumsden to Invercargill on the morning of the 28th was three hours late due to the flooding. Washouts were reported on the Waikaia line, the Waikaka line, the Mararoa branch and the Winton to Kingston line. On the Mararoa branch there was a washout 10 chains (201 m) long and the maintenance was whirled away to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m). There were also washouts between Thornbury and Otautau, and trains could not get past Thornbury on the night of the 28th. All the lines were repaired by the 31st except for the Nightcaps branch and the Orepuki line at Oporo.
All the sluicing companies stopped work and had to turn the water out of the races.
Traffic from Lake Te Anau to Lumsden was entirely suspended.
All the smaller streams between Orepuki and Tuatapere were in high flood.
Telegraphic communication between Te Anau and Lumsden was suspended due to wires being down.
The floods were the worst since 1878 and there was not another flood disaster on the same scale for 71 years afterwards.
Damage to the Mataura valley was estimated at £300,000 ($42,290,600 2008 dollars) .
Damage to the Gore district including the Mataura Valley was £150,000 ($21,145,300 2008 dollars).
A farmer in the Aparma district lost 40 acres (0.16 km^2) of oats in stook when the whole paddock was swept bare by the flood waters.
There was a huge washout on the railway line at Athol.
The foot suspension bridge over the Orawia near Birchwood was carried away on the 28th. The suspension bridges at Mount Linton and Rannock (Rannoch) were carried away.
Water entered the Rannock homestead.
There was water across the Gap Road at Branxholme on the 28th.
The flat land around Centre Bush was submerged when the Oreti River overflowed. Along the Hundred line road towards Centre Bush, the flat between Moor's terrace and the bridge at Shand's was covered with water on the morning of the 28th.
Sheaves were washed away.
Almost a mile of fences was washed away on one farm.
At Centre Bush the water was 18 in (46 cm) deep in one house and nearly 2 ft (61 cm) in another. Floodwater had never been known to enter these houses before.
There was a big washout on the railway line near the Centre Bush station and the yard also suffered considerable damage.
The rain commenced in Dipton at 4pm on the 27th.
Dipton received 3.16 in (8.0 cm) of rain on the 27th.
Floods occurred in the Dipton area on the 28th, as both the Oreti River and the Dipton Stream seriously overflowed their banks. Lower Dipton was flooded but the waters had receded in 24 hours.
The Oreti River began to rise with the heavy rain on the night of the 27th. The water rose 2 ft (61 cm) within half an hour in early afternoon on the 28th.
Early on the morning of the 28th the water was running through the town and houses and business premises were flooded.
It was reported that some houses were standing in 3 ft (91 cm) of water on the 28th.
A number of cattle, sheep and some horses were lost.
Some crops were washed away. One Dipton farmer had 25 acres (0.10 km^2) of wheat damaged.
Roads all around the district suffered severe damage. Some bridges were washed away and those that weren't were left insecure. The road bridge between Dipton and Benmore was impassable and the road was almost swept clear of gravel for about 1/4 mile (402 m). The bridge over Shag Creek failed to withstand the flood and huge holes were scopped out of the approaches.
Two men with their horses and dogs were marooned on an island from the night of the 28th until the next afternoon.
A hut was overturned and swept by the floodwaters for 1/4 mile (402 m).
At the old township on the west side of the river, the overflow of water was serious. The Dipton Stream overflowed its banks to a serious extent.
A good deal of crop in stook in the area was washed away early in the forenoon on the 28th.
On the 28th there was more water running across the road between Mt. Pleasant and Fairfax and the Ringway railway gates and the hill than residents could ever remember.
Near Fairfax the railway was washed away for 1 mile (1.6 km), nearly 3 ft (91 cm) deep, stopping train traffic.
The residents at Five Rivers were in a particularly perilous plight.
A girl named Veint, about 9 years old, was drowned at Five Rivers when she fell into a waterhole on the 29th.
The Freshford bridge on the Waikaia line was reported to have been washed away.
There was heavy rain and no wind, a warm rainfall with a maximum temperature of 68 degreesF (20 degC).
At Garston, the floods were considerably higher than the 1878 flood.
The river at Garston was very heavily in flood between 2pm and 3pm.
Rain commenced in and around Gore at about 4pm on the 27th and fell with ceasing until late on the evening of the 28th.
Gore received 1.55 in (3.9 cm) of rain in 24 hours to the 28th.
Gore was inundated suddenly by a wave of about 1 m coming down the Mataura River in the early hours of the 29th. At 3am Mr Smith gave the first warning of the approaching flood, but it was thought uneccessary to sound the alarm. The alarm was first sounded at 3:30am after the river had overflowed its bank at Jacobstown and was rising rapidly.
The flash-flood was probably started by a cloud-burst in the Mataura Gorge.
2 miles (3.2 km) above Gore, the flood extended 2 miles (3.2 km) in width over the low-lying land.
Within a couple of hours after the warning firebell, water had filled the streets to a depth of 5-6 ft (1.5-1.8 m). Between 7am and 7:30am the water rose 2 ft (61 cm), and reached beyond the highest level recorded during the 1878 flood.
The flood was the heaviest experienced in the district since the flood of 1878, any many people stated that it was heavier. The 1878 flood did not cover the crown of the road and did not menace property, so the present flood was said to be about 6 ft (1.8 m) higher.
The flood caused much destruction of property in Gore and the rural land adjoining the river. Some outhouses were shifted considerably by the floodwaters and one house shifted on its foundations. Houses built in depressions or on low ground suffered severely as far as the hospital.
Most of the houses and every business premise but one were invaded by flood waters. The east side of Gore flooded and 13-14 houses were affected.
Stocks that were not completely destroyed would seriously depreciate in value due to contact with the water. Shop windows were stove in, stock washed out of shops and large deposits of silt were left on floors. Individual losses to businesses were estimated at between £200 and £1000 ($28,200-$141,000 2008 dollars). The biggest sufferes, Messrs H. and J. Smith, estimated their loss at £2,500 ($352,400 2008 dollars). Three of their large plate glass windows were smashed to pieces and most of their stock was ruined. Messrs W. Lewis and Co. estimated their loss at £1,500 ($211,500 2008 dollars), and Messrs MacGibbon and Sons estimated their loss at £1000 ($141,000 2008 dollars). Damage to Mr A. R. Watson's book shop was estimated at £1000 ($141,000 2008 dollars) and the Farmers' Co-operative Assoc. lost £1000 ($141,000 2008 dollars) due to the water coming into contact with a large quantity of stock.
In the Southland Club Hotel the water flowed 6 ft (1.8 m) deep through the back door and windows and out the front door on the 29th. In one shop the water reached up to the counter. The water in the store of Messrs H. and J. Smith rose to a height of over 4 ft (1.2 m). In other shops the water was around 3 ft deep (91 cm).
The damage in Gore was estimated at £100,000 ($14,096,900 2008 dollars).
Residents on low ground were compelled to leave their homes. 1800 residents were forced to leave their homes for shelter in other people's houses or in the school. It would be days before any of the houses were dry enough to be inhabited again.
A man almost drowned when the cart he was driving, doing rescue work, was overturned and pinned him against a hedge with only his head above water for a couple of hours. He was said to be injured.
Food was in short supply while the town was inundated. 300 loaves of bread were brought through the floodwaters on a lorry from Invercargill in a monumental 6 1/2 hour journey, arriving at 11pm on the 29th. There were only 17 loaves left within half an hour of unloading.
The roads in gore were impassable and the main street resembled a river bed. At 9am the main street was a raging torent and was impassable, with all kinds of debris flowing down it. Roads in the borough suffered severely, with some almost stripped of their metal.
The town water supply was cut off due to the the pumping plant at Mataura being submerged.
Half the private residences were submerged several feet and some 10 ft (3.0 m).
Numerous people had to stay on the roofs of their houses till late the afternoon when they were rescued.
Business was suspended while the streets were submerged. The Ensign was unable to publish on the 29th as all the machinery was submerged. All five banks were inundated and tradespeople were unable to get their books out of the safes. Many ledgers burst and documents were left in a mess.
When the 4:30pm train arrived at Gore on the 28th there was no accommodation available, due to the hundreds of people homeless. The railway carriages and the good shed were crammed full of people
A hay stack floated down the main street into a masonry yard and caused a huge amount of damage there. In the Southland Club Hotel every piece of furniture was more or less damaged. In houses, scores of pianos were damaged and some houses were completely ruined by floodwaters.
The Gore railway bridge reached a flood level of 266.97.
At the Gore Highway Bridge, the Matuara River recorded a maximum discharge of 60,000 cusecs (1699 cumecs) on the 29th, with a catchment area of 1338 square miles (3465 km^2).
Early estimates put the full flood discharge through Gore at between 145,000-168,000 cusecs (4106-4757 cumecs) (McEnnis, District Engineer, Public Works Dept., Dunedin). A July 1918 estimate put the flood flow at Mataura Borough at 177,000 cusecs (5012 cumecs) (C. J McKenzie, District Engineer, P.W.D., Dunedin). A 28 July 1949 estimate put the flood flow at 120,000 cusecs (3398 cumecs) (I. Malcolm, District Engineer, N.Z. Railways, Invercargill). A comprehensive evaluation of the 1913 flood information was done by Miller and MacMillan (1962), who estimated a flow of 60,000 cusecs (1699 cumecs), but only for the flow beneath the Mataura town bridge, excluding water which flowed through the town. The overflow was calculated to have been about 6,000 cusecs (170 cumecs), roughly equivalent to the contribution from the Waikaka and other tributary streams between Gore and Mataura, thus bringing the total flood flow at Mataura Borough to an estimate of 66,000 cusecs (1869 cumecs).
The flood level above the west approach to the railway bridge was 2 ft 11 in (89 cm) in height.
The flood discharge that passed through the town of Gore was said to be 12,100-13,400 cusecs (343-379 cumecs).
The flood flow below the railway bridge was estimated at 108,000 cusecs (3058 cumecs).
A man, Mr Younger, was drowned on his farm at Gropers Bush on the evening of the 28th while trying to save his stock.
A man, Mr Walsh, was drowned after he and two other men driving in a trap were thrown into the Otapiri River at Hokonui around 12pm on the 28th. The other two were rescued from an island.
The Otapiri River had never before been seen in such a flooded state.
Heavy rain set in shortly after 6pm on the 27th and continued steadily until 10pm or 11pm on the 28th.
Invercargill received 2.63 in (6.7 cm) of rain in 48 hours.
The rain gauge at the Waikiwi Observatory recorded 2 in (5.1 cm) of rain in the 18 hours up to 1pm on the 28th.
Invercargill received 1.55 in (3.9 cm) of rain in the 14 hours from 7pm on the 27th till 9am on the 28th.
Invercargill received 1.05 in (2.7 cm) of rain in the 12.5 hours from 9am till 9:30pm on the 28th.
The rainfall in the 24 hours on the 28th was a new record for Invercargill (the previous highest was 17th December 1912).
The Waimatuku Stream was overflowing its banks at Isla Bank on the 30th.
A train was stuck at Josephville on the morning of the 28th, with washouts both in front and behind.
On the railway line between Kauana and Pukeroa there were at least 6 small washouts.
One farm was under water.
Stock were lying dead in the corners of paddocks.
Miles and miles of fencing was washed down.
A farmer at Limehills lost about 35 acres (0.14 km^2) of oats.
The bridge at Swale's was washed out and two large holes were scoured out of the road on each side.
The water was 6-7 ft (1.8-2.1 m) deep in some places near a house on Mrs Henderson's farm.
There was water across the Gap Road at Lochiel on the 28th.
Some of the oldest residents of the district said it was the highest flood ever seen.
The bridge over the Oreti River west of Lochiel gave way. The bridge over the Winton channel west of Lochiel also suffered damage and was still closed to traffic on the 3rd April.
The intake at the dairy factory was down due to the suppliers across the river being unable to cross the bridge.
One farmer at Lowther lost 500 sheep.
Rain commenced at Lumsden at 7:30pm on the 27th, accompanied by an easterly wind, and continued for 24 hours till the night of the 28th.
Between 9am and 10am on the 28th the Oreti River overflowed its banks and entered the town. The country between the railway and the river towards the west was turned into a sea of water. The river was still rising at 3pm and at 7:30pm there was a stretch of 2 miles (3.2 km) of floodwater.
Water was running through the main street. Lumsden was cut off from the outside world from the morning of the 28th until the evening of the 30th.
Water came into many houses in the town. The premises of Mr Jonhstone (merchant) and Mr Small (baker) were flooded.
Occupants were removed from their flooded houses by carts.
In several houses the water was over 3 ft (91 cm) deep at 2pm on the 28th.
One of the oldest residents in the area said this flood was the highest since 1878.
Up to 7 ft (2.1 m) of water flowed down Lumsden's main street and there was 2 ft (61 cm) of water in street on the night of the 28th.
At Lumsden, the Oreti River was discharging at an estimated 61,600 cusecs (1744 cumecs).
At the Lumsden Recorder, the Oreti River recorded a maximum discharge of 849 cumecs on the 28th, with a catchment area of 1160 km^2.
Thousands of sheaves and hundreds of sheep were seen floating down the river from up-country.
Hundreds of stock were reported missing.
Washouts on the railway line prevented trains from getting into Lumsden.
A train from Gore to Waikaka could not get past Maitland on the afternoon of the 28th due to the floods.
The floodwaters of the Makarewa River stretched out over wide areas of land on both sides. On the afternoon of the 29th the low-lying land along the river bank in northern Makarewa was an immense sheet of water, stretching from the railway bridge for miles inland. In some places fences were completely submerged.
The volume of the river reached its greatest pressure on the morning of the 29th. A rise of 6 ft (1.8 m) was perceptible within a few hours.
There were a few narrow escapes from drowning. One man was saved from being washed off a haystack.
Farmers in the district suffered serious stock losses. One farmer lost 1000 sheep, and three valuable brood mares were drowned. Many horses and other stock were severely injured by barbs on submerged fences.
One farmer lost most of his crop and another lost practically his whole crop in stook. Some 18-20 acres (0.07-0.08 km^2) of oats were lost.
Farmers in the area estimated a loss of £500-£600 ($70,500-$84,600 2008 dollars).
At Mataura, the Mataura River rose with great rapidity and broke its banks above the town at 9am on the 29th. Towards 6pm the floodwaters had receded considerably.
All houses above the paper mills and on the west side of the town were inundated in a very short time. One store and one hotel were flooded and the coal mines were flooded.
About 150 families were out of their houses on the night of the 29th and sheltered on higher ground. People were rescued from their homes in carts.
The freezing works suffered a lot of damage, particularly the electric light department, which was disorganised for a few days. The damage done in the paper mills was expected to run into four figures.
A washout on the railway line below Mataura stopped railway traffic on the Gore line until the night of the 30th.
Two houses at Mataura were carried away by the flood, one with a man inside who was eventually rescued. Residents returned to their homes on the morning of the 30th to find things in a dreadful state.
Two bridges over the Waimumu Stream and one over the Waikana Stream were washed away.
All along the Mataura-Gore road dead sheep and sheaves and bags of corn were strewn on the fences.
The flood at Mataura was said to be this biggest in 45 years, and much bigger than the flood of 1878.
The river was flowing right over the bridge and there was 3-4 ft (91 cm-1.2 m) of water in the streets.
Water flowed down the full width of the streets like a stream.
100 people were marrooned at the paper mill when the bridge there was washed away. Buckets of food had to be lowered to them by a rope.
The flood at the road bridge in the Mataura township was 5 ft (1.5 m) higher than in the 1878 flood.
At the Mataura Town Bridge, the Matuara River recorded a maximum discharge of 62,000 cusecs (1756 cumecs) on the 29th, with a catchment area of 1578 square miles (4087 km^2).
At the Mataura Town Bridge, the Matuara River reaced a height of 31.75 ft (9.68 m) on the 29th.
Mataura Island was covered with water on the 30th.
Communication with Mataura Island was interrupted. About one-third of the large bridge was washed away.
There were washouts on the Mossburn railway line.
The most extensive of the railway damage was done near the Menzies Ferry bridge, where the Mataura River, 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 16 ft (4.9 m) high burst through the embankment, carrying the railway with it. The force of the water over the bridge also created a kink in the line.
There was still no train service to Nightcaps on the 31st.
There was a serious break in the Orepuki railway line between the Oporo flag station and the bridge across the Oreti. A gap about 1 chain (20 m) wide and 18 ft (5.5 m) deep was cut through the embankment and further west a washout for about 15 chains (302 m) occurred.
On the evening of the 30th water was still running through the tablet officer's house and a gravel dredge was completely surrounded with water.
At Oporo, the Oreti River was discharging at an estimated 53,000 cusecs (1501 cumecs).
The Orawia Stream was in high flood.
Large losses were reported from Orawia.
The Oreti River was in record flood.
An old settler stated that the depth of the river on the 30th was fully 18 in (46 cm) more than in 1878.
The water on Mr Howell's farm was up to 6 ft (1.8 m) deep in places on the 30th, and it rose to the windows of a house being built there.
Farmers in the vicinity had to leave their homes on the 30th and seek shelter elsewhere.
The flood spread to the property of Mr Hughes at the intersection of the road leading to Otatara and the road leading to Riverton beach. This was the first time that land had been touched by floodwater. From Mr Fosbender's hill a sheet of water extended for miles in the direction of Riverton beach. Fosbender's property was almost completely submerged. The water began to recede on the afternoon of the 30th.
On the road on the east side of the ferry there was about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water, while further along the depth was close to 6 ft (1.8 m).
The bridge at the Ferry was submerged by water.
Rain began to fall in Otamita on the afternoon of the 27th and a heavy downpour fell throughout the night and on the 28th.
The Matuara River was rising rapidly on the 28th.
Heavy rain commenced in Otautau at about 8pm on the 27th and continued without intermission until late on the evening of the 28th.
The Aparima River was very high on the 28th.
The Otautau River was rising but not in flood on the 28th.
The school was dismissed on the morning of the 28th as children would not be able to get home. Business was entirely suspended for a considerable time.
The floods in the Otautau district were phenomenal. Many of the oldest residents stated that it was the heaviest flood experienced there, far exceeding the flood of 1878.
Th whole town was inundated and floodwaters entered many houses in the town, which had never been entered before.
Great numbers of sheep and cattle were drowned and washed away.
On the flat land all the outstanding crops were washed away.
The loss experienced was enormous. A lot of damage was done to County Council and public property, including business places.
Water was several feet deep in the backyards in the town. Some people had water up to 3 ft (91 cm) deep in their houses. A grain store had water at least 1 ft (31 cm) deep inside and another store had water 2 ft (61 cm) deep.
The overflowing of the Aparima River into the Otautau Stream greatly increased the severity of the floods.
Residents were flooded out of their houses, and they were brought to alternative accommodation by carts.
Large amounts of water from the Mataura River transversed the plain to Riversdale.
A girl was reported to have drowned in the floodwaters at Riversdale.
In South Hillend the rain was very heavy throughout the night of the 27th.
5 in (12.7 cm) of rain was recorded on Mr Langford's farm.
The railway ganger at the Mararoa Bridge said that he witnessed 500 sheep floating past in the space of a few minutes.
The Winton Creek caused a lot of damage between the main road at Thomsons Crossing and the Oreti River. Sheaves, turnips, gorse, fences and rabbits were all mixed up together. Miles of fencing was down and gorse hedges were uprooted.
Sheaves of crops were spread over miles of country as far as the eye could see and tons of turnips were washed out of the ground.
One farmhouse was completely surrounded, there was water in all the buildings and the garden was swept of its soil.
Along the road there was evidence the water had been over 2 ft (61 cm) deep for a distance of nearly 2 miles (3.2 km).
Thornbury had 30 hours of heavy rain from the 27th to the 28th.
The Aparima River was rising quickly at Thornbury on the 28th.
At Thornbury, a hole 11 ft (3.4 m) deep was washed in the railway line.
The approaches to Hazlett's bridge near Thornbury were completely washed away.
The floodwaters reached the Waianiwa flats on the night of the 28th.
Stock and crop losses were very heavy on the night of the 28th and the 29th.
The Waiau River was very high and rose rapidly on the 28th. It was at record height on the 29th.
All traffic across the ferry was suspended early on the morning of the 28th.
The flooding of the Waiau caused conisderable damage. Great trees were swept down the river and stock and crop losses were reported to be large.
One farmer lost about 150 sheep, a dozen cattle and two horses and another lost five horses.
All low-lying land was covered with water.
Waikaia received 3.15 in (8.0 cm) of rain on the 28th.
At Waikaia, the flood broke over the railway stopbanks and overtopped banks in the station yards, causing a breach 2-3 chains (20-40 m) in length.
At One Tree Point the overflow from the Waikiwi Stream spread out in a large sheet of water between the railway embankment and the dairy factory, and the country was inundated on both sides of the line.
Late on the 29th the flood spread out all over the country between Waimahaka and Gorge Road.
The flood caused great damage and loss.
Considerable damage was done in the Waimea Plains district. Fences were levelled all around.
It was reported that one farmer lost 600 sheep.
All crops still out on the low-lying Waimea Plains were lost.
Flood waters overtopped the Waimea railway line.
Little damage was done in the Waimumu district.
Beyond Waipounamu station yard the ends of the bridge were scoured out, caused by a large body of water escaping the main channel.
The level of the Mataura River at the bridge was 455.75, and the floodwaters broke over the banks.
A heavy continuous downpour commecned in Wairio between 8pm and 9pm on the 27th.
All the creeks in the area were in heavy flood on the 28th.
The mailman from Wairio to Wreys Bush was unable to get over with the mail on the morning of the 28th. Traffic was entirely suspended on many of the roads around Wairio, Wreys Bush and Aparima.
The water from the Makarewa River blocked the road between Wallacetown and Underwood on the 29th. About a dozen cars with curious onlookers were marooned there.
The stock losses at West Plains were expected to be enormous. One farmer had 80 cattle and 70 sheep drowned.
The Winton shunting yard and railway line for 1/2 mile (805 m) towards Hokonui suffered badly. The ballast was washed off into paddocks in many places and the rails and sleepers were suspended in a few places.
All the houses on the low-lying parts of Winton were flooded and water was running through the flaxmill. A contracting plant on the east side of the railway line was sitting in several feet of water after it was flooded on the morning of the 28th.
Houses had up to 4 ft (1.2 m) of water inside and one of the railway huts had 3 ft (91 cm) of water inside.
At its height on the 28th the water extended from the foot of the cemetery hill across to the terrace at Oreti.
Several culverts on the Drummond road were seriously damaged. One farmer on the road had miles of fencing washed away or forced down by debris.
One farmer had his oat crop ruined by water and silt and another lost over 100 sacks of chaff.
One Winton farmer lost 60 sheep and another was reported to have lost 115 hoggets.
There was a large washout and several smaller ones about 30 chains (603 m) on the south side of the Gap Road railway siding, caused by the overflow of the Winton Channel.
There was about 3 ft (91 cm) of water between the main street and the railway station at Winton on the 28th.
At Winton, the Oreti River was discharging at an estimated 81,500 cusces (2308 cumecs).
In the Woodlands area a cottage near the railway line was almost completely surrounded by water and in front of the Woodlands Hotel the flodowaters formed a lagoon.
Wreys Bush had a heavy night's rain on the 27th. The rain on the high country commenced earlier than it did in the town.
The Aparima River rose very quickly on the morning of the 28th.
The floodwaters covered all the surrounding country, stretching as far as the eye could see.
The water was up to the doorstep of Mrs Kaveney's store on the 28th.
A number of smal bridges were carried away and the bridge across the Aparima River at Powers was damaged again.
Houses in the township were flooded and water entered the post office.
Whole crops vanished.
Stock losses were said to be very large.
The Aparima River at Wreys Bush bridge had a peak discharge of 35,000 cusecs (991 cumecs).
Steady rain began to fall in Wyndham at 5:30pm on the 27th and continued without a break till the 28th.
The Mimihau Stream was rising rapidly on the 28th and the Wyndham (Mokoreta) River was also very high.
The Mataura River was high but not yet in a serious flood on the 28th.
Wyndham was inundated to a depth of 3 ft (91 cm).
Odl residents said that the flood was the worst in the history of the settlement.
A sheet of water more than 1 mile (1.6 km) wide extended from the bridge in the direction of Wyndham.
The volume of water passing down the channel was awe-inspriring.
Water banked up behind the railway embankment beyond the bridge for hours until the whole country was inundated by the water and the bank finally broke. The embankment and ballasting on the Wyndham side of the bridge was swept away for about 20 chains (402 m), leaving the track suspended over the gap.
In the shops on the main street the water was little more than 2 ft (61 cm) deep at its highest.
Heavy coatings of silt were deposited on floors.
The river rose much more slowly at Wyndham than it did at Gore and Mataura.
The greatest loss suffered by any individual business man was estimated at £100-£150 ($14,100-$21,100 2008 dollars).
Below Wyndham, the racecourse was strewn with carcasses and the remains of a house.
The flood at the Wyndham railway bridge reached 114.84.
The Yellow Bluff bridge was swinging on its piles on the 28th, and later half of it was washed away.